Born Hermann Emil Louis Fischer in Germany, Fischer was best known for his work in the field of chemistry, including the study of sugars and purines . He also developed the Fischer projection, a symbolic way of drawing asymmetric carbon atoms, and discovered the Fischer esterification, a special type of esterification by refluxing a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst .
Fischer attended the University of Strasbourg in 1872, and earned a doctorate in chemistry with his study of phenolphthalein under Professor Adolf von Baeyer. He was a 1902 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, as well as many other awards.
Fischer was born in Euskirchen, Germany on October 9th, 1852. He was the only child of a German businessman. Fischer spent three years with a private tutor, and then went to a local school. Two years later, he transferred to the school in Wetzlar, Germany, and then spent two more years in Bonn, Germany, during the time he was attacked by gastritis. He passed his final examination in 1869 with great distinction. His father wished for him to enter the family lumber business until determining his son unsuitable. According to one account, he said, “[Emil] is too stupid to be a businessman. He is better off as a student.”
Young Emil wished to study natural sciences, mainly physics. However, he was sent to the University of Bonn in 1871 to study in the field of chemistry. He also attended lectures of August Kekulé, Engelbach and Zincke, August Kundt, and Paul Groth on many different matters outside his field, including physics and mineralogy.
In 1872, Fischer still wished to study physics. He was persuaded by his cousin Otto Fischer to go with him to the University of Strasbourg. There he met P...
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PediaView. (n.d.). Active site. Retrieved from PediaView: http://pediaview.com/openpedia/Active_site
The Nobel Foundation. (2013). Emil Fischer - Biographical. Retrieved from Nobel Prize: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1902/fischer-bio.html
WikiMedia. (2014, 4 19). Adolf von Baeyer. Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer
WikiMedia. (2014, 1 25). Fischer indole synthesis. Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer_indole_synthesis
WikiMedia. (2014, 4 5). Fischer-Seier esterification. Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer_esterification
WikiMedia. (2014, 1 2). Hermann Emil Fischer. Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer
WikiMedia. (2014, 3 30). Purine. Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purine
For this experiment, a Fischer esterification reaction was observed. A Fischer esterification is a reaction that converts a carboxylic acid into an ester. Within the reaction, the hydroxyl portion, -OH, of the carboxylic acid is replaced by an -OR group. The byproduct is water which is also a nucleophile. Therefore, water can be added back into the compound and undergo hydrolysis on the newly formed ester which produces the starting carboxylic acid. To make sure the reversibility did not occur, the reaction mixture was heated to force the water to evaporate and therefore be removed from the overall reaction. The main idea of Fischer esterification is to form a carboxylic acid and make it a better electrophile under acidic conditions. This is
Achievements Due to his bravery in the battle of Cambrai, Frederick Banting was awarded the Military Cross in 1919. Frederick Banting received the Reeve Prize from the University of Toronto in 1922. Frederick Banting’s greatest achievement was the discovery of insulin. Frederick Banting and John James Rickard Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine in 1923. Frederick Banting shared half of his prize money with Charles Best.
Another man that made discoveries that reinforced those of Pasteur was Robert Koch. Robert Koch isolated the germ that causes tuberculosis, identified the germ responsible for Asiatic cholera, and developed sanitary measures to prevent disease. (1) In the late 1880s, genes, white blood cells, and aspirin were discovered. An Augustinian monk from Austria, Johann Gregor Mendel, experimented in the crossplanting of pea plants.
Fischer Esterification is a unique type of esterification first discovered by Emil Fischer and A. Speier in 1895. Fischer Esterification is a mechanism by which an ester is formed as a product when a carboxylic acid is treated with an alcohol and an acid catalyst. Together with ester, water is also liberated during this reaction. The key bonds formed in this reaction are C-OR, of which the oxygen bonded to carbon is the oxygen from the alcohol, not the oxygen originally bonded to it from the starting carboxylic acid. The key bonds broken are C-OH, the oxygen from the carboxylic acid bonds with the hydrogens that will then form water.
Hermann Vonn Ebbinghaus was a German experimental psychologist. He was born the son of Lutheran merchants in Barman, Germany on January 24, 1850. At the age of 17 he began studying philosophy and history at the University of Bonn from 1867 to 1870. He later received his Ph.D. in Philosophy in 1873 after returning from his duty with the Prussian army.
After graduating from MIT, he went straight into work at Bell Laboratory. He did most of his research in solid state physics, especially vacuum tubes. Most of his theoretical advances led the company to conquer their goal of using electronic switches for telephone exchanges instead of the mechanical switches there were using at the time. Some of the other research he did was on energy bands in solids, order and disorder in alloys, self-diffusion of copper, experiments on photoelectrons in silver chloride, experiment and theory on ferromagnetic domains, and different topics in transistor physics. He also did operations research on individual productivity and the statistics of salary in research laboratories.
His pursuit of knowledge became even more important when he entered the university of Ingolstadt. He "read with ardour" (35) and soon become "so ardent and eager that the stars often disappeared in the light of the morning whilst I was yet engaged in my laboratory" (35). He was a proud product of the Enlightenment...
It was in Germany was where Lewin began his formal education, but like most people he was unsure of what he really wanted to study at first. In 1909 Lewin began attending the University of Frieberg where he started to study medicine. This did not interest him so he transferred to the University of Munich where he tried to study Biology. Again Lewin decided that this was not for him so he transferred for the last time, this time to the University of Berlin where his study of Philosophy and Psychology began (Frostburg). Lewin was said to have "found many of (the school's) department's courses in the grand tradition of Wundtian psychology irreverant and dull (Greathouse)." He would eventually receive his Ph.D. in the "experimental study of associative learning" at the University of Berlin in 1916 (Jones).
The year 1847 was an eventful one for Kirchhoff. He graduated from Königsberg in that year and he also married Clara Richelot. They moved to Berlin in 1847. Kirchhoff teached at the University of Berlinfrom 1848 to 1850. He left from Berlin to Breslau where he was a professor of physics. In 1851 Robert Bunsen joined the University as professor of chemistry. In 1852 Bunsen was called at the University Heidelberg and soon he arranged for Kirchhoff to teach at Heidelberg as well. Kirchhoff joined a research with Bunsen and they found a spectrum analysis.
Harald became the first of the Bohr brothers to earn a master’s degree. Niels earned his 9 months later. The students in his class had to submit a thesis on a subject assigned by their supervisor. Bohr’s supervisor was Christiansen, and the topic he gave them was the electron theory of metals. Bohr then elaborated his master’s thesis in to his much larger theory “Doctor of Philosophy” thesis. He questioned the literature on the subject ,settling on a model assumed by Paul Drude and elaborated by Hendrik Lorentz ,which stated in which the electrons on a meta; are considered to behave like a gas. Bohr enlarged Lorentz model, but still unable to account for singularities like the Hall Effect, and decided that the electron theory could not fully explain the magnetic properties of metals. The theory was directed in April of 1911, and Bohr conducted his defense in May of 1911. Bohr’s thesis was groundbreaking, but didn’t attracted much attention outside of Scandinavia because it was written in Danish, a Copenhagen University requirement at the time. In 1921 the Dutch physicist Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen independently derived a theorem from Bohr’s theory and today that is known as the Bohr−van Leeuwen Theorem. In 1911 Bohr traveled to England, which was where most of theoretical work in the structures of atoms were being done. He met with J.J. Thomson of Cavendish Laboratory and Trinity College, Cambridge. He attended lectures on electromagnetism given by James jean and Joseph Larmor and decided to do some research on cathode rays, but failed to impress Thomson. He had more success with younger physicists like Australian William Lawrence Bragg, and New Zealand’s Ernest Rutherford, whose 1911 Rutherford method of the atom had challenged...
He went on to discover the epidermal growth factor as well. Stanley and Rita won the shared Nobel Prize for physiology/medicine in 1986, as well as sharing the Louisa Gross Horowitz Prize form Columbia University in 1983. He also won the National Medal of Science in 1986 and his research has been vital for the understanding of cancer cell development. He is still alive to this day, at age 92 as of 17 November this year.Having been linked to Down Syndrome, the NGF is really far more important than you
Frederick G. Banting was a medical doctor most well known for finding the lifelong treatment for diabetes, which prior to his incredible discovery was known as a death sentence to anyone who was diagnosed with it. Because his discovery left such a mark on the world, Banting received many awards throughout his lifetime, his biggest accomplishment being that he received a Nobel Prize in 1923, in Physiology or Medicine. Although he was awarded a great amount of prize money for his accomplishments, his assistant Charles Best was awarded none so Banting showed his massive generosity by splitting his prize money in half and sharing it with him.
Two years into his engineering apprenticeship, his father died, only thirty-nine, and his mom could not afford the amount of money required for him to pursue engineering. However, with advising from his mathematics
Wernher apparently passed English class because it was only after reading Hermann Oberth’s Rocket into Planetary Space and receiving a telescope from his mother that Wernher von Braun decided to become a space pioneer and physicist.
).on the other hand albert einstain admitted ‘“My new discovery is the result of musical perception”” (Suzuki, 1969,p._90). The swidish chemistis was attached to chemstri after his painting classes when he came acrros a color theory made by physicist Ogden Rood and chemist Wilhelm Ostwald . after he took chestriy and physics he proved it nd won a nobel