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Effects of tragedy on society
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Hedda Gabler is a play with an undoubtedly interesting main character; Hedda herself. While she may have her faults, neurotic traits and undeniable issues it would be glaringly ignorant to ignore the fact that she is, above all a tragic victim. In order to properly showcase how Hedda falls somewhat perfectly into the mould of a tragic victim we must first figure out what exactly a tragic victim is. The most prominent and fitting description seems to come from the Greek philosopher Aristotle in his ‘Poetics’, while his definition is actually of a tragic hero instead of victim it is never the less still an extremely accurate definition and is still able to depict both victims and heroes equally well; he tells us that a tragic victim –or hero- is usually of noble birth, had a tragic flaw that usually leads to their downfall, be a character that the audience can relate to and feel pity or fear for and that the fall of the character is at least partially of their own making. By this definition Hedda is …show more content…
Hedda does in fact display certain disruptive mental characteristics but these, just like many aspects of her character enforces her role as a tragic victim; mental instability doesn’t necessarily make someone a malicious lunatic, that would be a harsh, unrealistic generalization and makes –just as Hedda says- a farce of the
Hester is an example. She is doomed to publicly carry her shame by force, but her willful determination to remain strong makes her a heroine. She may have been a victim of a major sin, but she is definitely a heroine to admire. Hawthorne got it right. Hester is a heroine that many will choose and is definitely a great person to study. Learning about Hester can teach so much to one person. Hester is seen by some as an early example of feminine strength. By standing up to her situation, facing her sin, and getting on with her life, Hester is forgiven by not only her peers, but herself, perhaps the most important forgiveness of all.
Hedda from the story “Hedda Gabler” by Henrik Ibsen, wanted to have freedom or wanted to control her own life. However that desire never come true. Throughout the story we see that Hedda who want to dictate her own life simply couldn’t. One such example is that Hedda got marry. In 1800s, women ought to get marry. Women can’t find any job or have a business, therefore women cannot really survive if they choose to be independent. Hedda is no exception, she is bounded to get marry “I’d dance myself out, dear Judge. My time was up. [Shudders slightly.] Uch, no, I’m not going to say that or even think it.” (Ibsen, 1503) and the only choices she has is to whom she would marry to and after a she gets marry; she wouldn’t be able to live a life she wanted to because in the 1800s women couldn’t control how they live their life. They exist simply to find a men and serve their husband. Even though Hedda has to get marry and live a life that she didn’t want, but she didn’t give up the idea of controlling her own life and go against the society. One such move is that she tries to manipulate the people around her, one such person is her husband George Tesman “You’re right – it was a bit more costly. But Hedda just had to have that trip, Auntie. She really had to. There was no choice.” (Ibsen, 1486) The reason for her manipulation is because she want to
One of Hester’s greatest qualities is her unrelenting selflessness. Despite her constant mental anguish due to her sin, the constant stares and rude comments, and the
Van Doren illustrates that Hester Prynne is a hero through the repetition of her heroic qualities. Throughout his criticism, Van Doren continuously explains how Hester is able to overcome the treatment she receives from her sin. He refers to her as “the heroine of a tragedy, and she understands the tragedy” (Van Doren). He points out that the novel is a tragedy multiple times to engrave into the reader’s mind how strong someone has to be to overcome something so somber. Stating that she has overcome a
Hedda elicits sympathy from her audience because it is very obvious she is unhappy with her life. Women are suppressed by society and considered inferior to men. That is even more so in this time period. She expresses boredom with the life she has chosen during her conversation with Judge Brack in Act II. She talks of how she has these “impulses” to do these little things, assumingly to add a little spice to her life (Ibsen, Act II).
Jorgensen, Bruce W. "The Other Side of Silence: Katherine Anne Porter's 'He' as Tragedy." Modern Fiction Studies 3 28 (1982).
according to the plot of her own play. Hedda finds a “way out” after the internal conflict
In the Blood’s roots are firmly planted in Aristotelian tenets. Hester La Negrita, the tragic heroine, is struggling to “get her leg up” and start life anew for herself and her children, Jabber, Bully, Trouble, Beauty and Baby. Adhering to the principals of Tragedy recorded in Poetics, In the Blood utilizes a classical Greek Chorus, in the form of “Confessions”, which provide exposition, commentary and the foreshadowing of events. As in all Greek Tragedy, Hester’s Fate is pre...
Hedda Gabler is a text in which a very domineering society drives a woman to her suicidal death. Many argue that Hedda’s death is an act of courage, as rebellion against the rules of the society, however other believe that Hedda’s actions show cowardice, as she is unable to cope with the harsh reality of the her situation. Hedda's singular goal throughout the play has been to prove that she is still in possession of free will. Hedda shows many examples of both courage and cowardice throughout the play, differing to the character she is with.
The myth of Eurydice is a sad story in which two lovers are separated by death. After his love dies, Orpheus journeys into the underworld to retrieve her, but instead loses her for good. Playwright Sarah Ruhl takes the myth of Eurydice and attempts to transform this sad tale into a more light-hearted story. However, despite humorous lines and actions throughout the play, the melancholy situation of the actual tale overwhelms any comicality present. Although meant to be funny, Sarah Ruhl's “Eurydice” can be seen as a modernized tragedy about two lovers who are separated forever by a twist of fate.
Social status, gender, and misguided intentions render Hedda Gabler and Emma Bovary alienated individuals. One question remains, who deserves the title tragic hero or villain? Hedda commits suicide to avoid being caged and blackmailed by Judge Brack, while Emma commits suicide to avoid the public shame that will inevitably come from soiling her husband’s name and acquiring unimaginable debt. Hedda refuses to commit adultery because she “has made her bed, and now she must lie in it” she knows that every action or fib has its consequences. Emma on the other hand commits adultery with two different men, trying to find her hopes and dreams. Both had a choice when choosing whom they wanted to marry. Hedda Gabler wins, because although she is rude, manipulative, and vindictive; she accepts the consequences of her actions unlike Emma.
Aristotle, a philosopher, scientist, spiritualist and passionate critic of the arts, spent many years studying human nature and its relevance to the stage. His rules of tragedy in fact made a deep imprint on the writing of tragic works, while he influenced the structure of theatre, with his analysis of human nature. Euripides 'Medea', a Greek tragedy written with partial adherence to the Aristotelian rules, explores the continuation of the ancient Greek tales surrounding the mythology of Medea, Princess of Colchis, and granddaughter of Helios, the sun god, with heartlessness to rival the infamous Circe. While the structure of this play undoubtedly perpetuates many of the Aristotelian rules, there are some dramatic structures which challenge its standing with relevance to Aristotle's guidelines, and the judgment of Medea as a dramatic success within the tragic genre.
For Maxim Gorki and Henrik Ibsen, the "the surprise ending" is a device to highlight the extreme desperation and hopelessness man is often faced. In both cases, the plays end with an act of suicide - The Actor in The Lower Depths, and Hedda in Hedda Gabler. The alcoholic Actor dreamt of a far off hospital that helped drunkards by curing them of their disease. He struggles through out the play trying to find this path to redemption. Hedda tries to control a world that she is trapped in. This control would result in her freedom to exist in true self-expression. Both characters live in denial. They subconsciously understand that these aspirations will forever be fantasies due to their society; they survive restlessly in these worlds of illusion. However, by the end of each play, the illusion crumbles, and both are forced to face the dire truth of their situations. The characters decide to act in the most brutal and finite way to control their own fate, ending their lives. By comparing two powerful and similar surprise endings involving two acutely different characters, Gorki and Ibsen send a similar message. Whether a character's fantastical illusions come in the form of escape, salvation, hope, or control, the destruction of these illusions result in a personal devastation that can be insurmountable.
It has been suggested that Hedda Gabler is a drama about the individual psyche -- a mere character study. It has even been written that Hedda Gabler "presents no social theme" (Shipley 333). On the contrary, I have found social issues and themes abundant in this work.
Tragic figures are characters that aim for a goal but never reach it. They suffer throughout their story and are most likely to die before the play ends. The tragic hero is the most commonly known of these figures, but tragic villains also exist. An example of the tragic hero is Franz Woyzeck, of Georg Büchner’s working-class tragedy ‘Woyzeck’. Compared and contrasted to Woyzeck is the tragic villain, Ferdinand, of John Webster’s tragedy ‘The Duchess of Malfi’. Both characters fail to gain what they desire because they suffer of a mental illness.