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Discuss the role of Kurtz in the novel Heart of Darkness
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Discuss the role of Kurtz in the novel Heart of Darkness
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Identity, humans identify themselves everyday in various ways, but think deeper. Who are you? What are you? Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness depicts Kurtz and Charlie Marlow who is self-confident in the beginning of the novel but hence slithering into the deep dark congo, begins to become confused on who he really is. Humans use identity as a tool to define oneself and often have to question their true identity. Marlow has a strong idea on who he is in the beginning of the novel, he is a successful white male from Europe that is an expeditionist (anyone who has read the novel knows this), but when he enters the congolese infested jungle he quickly becomes mixed up. Marlow loses his sense of identity once he is consumed by the dark jungle inhabited by the indigenous congolese people that haven’t even found themselves yet because they are engulfed by the Congo. Marlow has “white privilege” and has access to whatever he wants. He is one of the white pilgrims that are exploring the Congo river, he is successful and confident, or so the reader may believe. Upon descending deeper into the Congo, Marlow is beginning to be unknowing of himself. Kurtz’s identity is hidden from the reader, and Marlow in the beginning of the novel, Kurtz is depicted as an almighty character that just wants to maintain the …show more content…
The “darkness” is trying to take hold of Marlow and is doing so, slowly, because Marlow becomes mixed about his identity, what is it to be white? What is it to be black? The European continent that he left to go explore the Congo, is the civilization on that continent and the world civilization, is all civilization actually savage? Is being in the wild, civil? Marlow wants to know everything, he’s a curious
The more simple comparison is that between Marlow and a quester. Marlow’s apparent ‘quest’ stems from his childhood interest in maps and exploring the unknown. Though the “...blank spaces on the earth” were later explored, he still took curiosity to the Congo River. He decided he wanted to take a steamboat for trade on it, almost impulsively as he described, “[t]he snake had charmed me”. Being younger and with
Marlow tells of a vision that he has on his way into seeing the intended. He says that he saw Kurtz on the stretcher opening his mouth voraciously as if to devour all of the earth with all its mankind2 and that he had seen. Kurtz as 3a shadow insatiable of splendid appearances, of frightful. realities, a shadow darker than the shadow of night,(72). This is a a real and vivid description of his feelings for Kurtz.
Marlow needs to see the trouble arising as the only reason he had achieved this job is due to the old employing dying from incidents in Africa by natives, as there are signs an individual may notice or not which can stop these incidents from occurring. In Heart of Darkness, Marlow had stated, "I had to wait in the station for ten days – an eternity." (Joseph Conrad, 27) This quotation demonstrates that Marlow was impatient to begin this path and journey of his life, as he wanted to discover this piece of land for than anything the slightest bit of delay is driving him insane.
When Marlow finally reaches Kurtz he is in declining health. This same jungle which he loved, embraced and consumed with every ounce of his flesh had also taken its toll on him. Marlow finally meets the man whose name has haunted him on his river journey. Could this frail human be the ever so powerful Kurtz? The man who has journeyed into uncharted territories and has come back with scores of ivory and the respect of the native tribe. Yes, this was the very man and though he is weak and on his way to death his power still exudes from him.
Marlow's assessment of the African wilderness in the beginning of the story is like that of something that tempts him and his fellow explorers to Africa. When Marlow says, "And as I looked at the map of it in a shop-window, it fascinated me as a snake would a bird - silly little bird" (Conrad, Longman 2196). If we take note of the phrase "silly little bird" it may be noted that the Marlow is comparing Britain to that silly little bird. It could be that he felt Britain's occupancy of Africa was nothing more than his own country falling into a trap. It was not a designed trap but one of destiny. It was his countries destiny to fall prey to the allures of that Dark Continent. Millions would die in the attempt to make monetary gains while occupying Africa.
Kurtz once was considered an honorable man, but living in the Congo separated from his own culture he changed greatly. In the jungle he discovers his evil side, secluded from the rest of his own society he becomes corrupted by power. "My Ivory. My people, my ivory, my station, my river," everything was under Kurtz's reign. While at Kurtz's camp Marlow encounters the broken roof on Kurtz's house, the "black hole," this is a sign of the uncivilized. The black hole represents the unknown and unconquered, and therefore represents the uncivilized. Also, Marlow notices the "black heads" on Kurt...
On one hand, Marlow is saved by his self-discipline while on the other hand Kurtz is doomed by his lack of it. Before Marlow embarked on his voyage to Africa, he had a different view. Due to propaganda, he believed that the colonization of the Congo was for the greater good. In his head, he judged that the people of Africa were savages and that colonization would bring them the elation and riches of civilization. Despite an apparent uneasiness, he assumed that restraint would function there.
That is one of Marlow's flaws, he does not support his convictions. Marlow also symbolizes the uncorrupted men that traveled to foreign lands to help the 'uncivilized' become cultured, but unlike the others Marlow does not become indoctrinated by an alternative motive. He is able to see through the materialistic ideals that had plagued the men before him. Marlow has the open-mindedness and sensitivity that was absent during Imperialism, but doesn't have the courage or power to stop the abuses that where ongoing. Marlow is proof that when confronted, a man's evil side can be both informative and perilous.
During the tests and the requirements that he has to undergo before entering the jungle Marlow feels that he is being treated like a freak. The doctor measures his head and asks him questions such as, “Ever any madness in your family”(15)? In this part of the story Marlow is made to feel small and unimportant. Any feelings or concerns that he has are not important to the company, and as a result, he feels alone. It is only logical that Marlow would have been second guessing his decision and feeling some kinship with the other (black) workers who are exploited, but he does not reveal any such understanding.
At the beginning of the novel, Marlow is traveling the jungle and the many scenes of life can be seen. Africa has seems to be taken over by many travelers which makes one wonder what is there ulterior motive? Africa is a third world country, which makes it easy for someone to come in and talk on their soapbox. It is very easy to tell that these men are not the biggest fans of colored people, so it is plausible that they have come to instill a sense of imperialism. As Marlow passes through the waters of the Congo it is easily visible the trouble of the natives. “Black shapes crouched, lay, sat between the trees, leaning against the trunks, clinging to the earth half coming out, half effaced with the dim light, in all the attitudes of pain, abandonment, and despair.” (20) Show that the holding of these colonies has started. The soldiers have come in and taken the inhabitants and are destroying them and taking from them the one thing they deserve over everything, life. The imperialists seem to not care about the Africans and are just there for their land.
Conrad uses the character of Marlow to make use of his own thoughts and views about the people in the Congo. He feels pity for them as he sees them falling down carrying heavy packages and Kurtz commanding them like a batallion of troups. This sight angers Marlow and when he gets to Kurtz, it’s too late. Even he has been pulled in by the darkness. Conrad makes an effective distinction between Marlow and Kurtz.
In ‘Heart of Darkness’, travel is not just a geographical experience. Travellers are seen to ‘traverse the psychological spaces of their native myths’ (Farn, 2005). Joseph Conrad explores this, in the passage, through posing threats to Marlow’s identity through a purview of ideas of self and the other. Marlow’s journey into the unknown, where his cultural and societal controls are absent, causes him to question his values, national identity and moral integrity resulting in a changing mind-set. For the Eurocentric traveller this is, according to Farn, a typical experience.
When describing his surroundings, Marlow states, “Going up that river was like traveling back to the earliest beginnings of the world, when vegetation rioted on the earth and the big trees were kings…you lost your way on that river…till you thought yourself bewitched and cut off forever from everything you had known once” (30). Although he emphasizes the freedom of the African wilderness, it is befitting that Marlow reverts to a state of madness in a terrain so closely affiliated with primal nature and the beginnings of time. As he treks deeper and deeper still into the
Despite the opinion of certain critics, Conrad did not create Marlow to be a prejudice character. One of his first Marlow?s first Reactions to the villagers is the exact opposite, ?They were not enemies they were not criminals??(Conrad, 189) While his initial response may not seem altogether accepting, it is far beyond the understanding of his peers. As the story continues Marlow is slightly sarcastic in his understanding of the villagers, ?Fine fellows-Cannibals-in their place. They were men one could work with, and I am grateful to them. And, after all, they did not eat each other before my face? (189)? Marlow shows his ability to be sarcastic in the face of popular criticism, even making the mold step to refer to these African?s as ?Fine Fellows?(189), ?They howled and leaped, and spun, and made horrid faces; but what thrilled you was just the thought of they humanity-like yours-the thought of your remote kinship with this wild??(189) Although the natives...
By the time Marlow and Kurtz meet, Marlow is already well aware of the similarities they share. Both are imperialists, and while Marlow detests the treatment of the natives by his employers (Belgian colonists), he also makes apparent his abhorrence toward the Africans. On the other hand, Kurtz abandons the pretense of helping the natives achieve civilization, as displayed by the Europeans. Instead, he adopts their customs and becomes their leader in the never-ending quest for ivory. "He began with the argument that we whites, from the point of development we had arrived at, 'must necessarily appear to them [savages] in the nature of the supernatural beings- we approach them with the might as of a deity' (Longman, 2000, p. 2226). Marlow also admired Kurtz' resourcefulness and survival skills, especially his perseverence through jungle fever. "The wilderness had patted him on the head....it had taken him, loved him, embraced him, got into his veins, consumed his flesh, and sealed his soul to its own by the inconceivable ceremonies of some devilish initiation. He was its spoiled and pampered favorite." (Longman, 2000, p. 2225).