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Health Belief Model (HBM) essay
The health belief model
Components of the health belief model
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The current manuscript would bridge the gap in the literature about what is known regarding Latinas and cervical cancer screening. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is the theoretical framework used to examine the health beliefs unique to Latinas. Few studies have used the HBM to understand the beliefs Latinas have about cervical cancer and to cervical cancer screening (11). Further, none of those studies have included cultural predictors for screening participation in their model. Additionally, this study attempts to replicate findings from previous studies among Latina subgroups other than Mexicans, namely women of Caribbean, South and Central American descent. Moreover, studies have shown that adult daughters may be in a unique position
to influence their mothers’ health-related decisions. Daughters in particular are influencing their mothers’ choice of health care providers, quality of care received via personal relationships with providers, and motivating mothers to seek out treatment and preventative care. More studies are needed to examine this relationship, which is of great importance in the Latino culture. In sum, examining the factors that influence health seeking behaviors among Latinas, particularly cervical cancer screening, will have a significant contribution to decreasing health disparities for this population. The proposed study seeks to examine correlates between adult Latina mothers’ and daughters’ health behaviors, specifically cervical cancer screening tests.
In the article “The Myth of a Latina Women: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria”, Judith Ortiz Cofer uses her background as a Puerto Rican to highlight the disrespect that Latina woman face in a society that does not understand their value. Overall, Cofer argues that the derogatory views placed in the Hispanic culture has led to the creation of various stereotypes that cause Latina women to have a lack of opportunities, to be mistakenly categorized, and be devalued. Cofer proves her point through various life experiences in which she has been stereotyped, as well as through her personal background.
There is a large Latino population in the United States. “By mid-century, one in every four "Americans" will be able to trace their heritage to a Latin American country”(Cauce & Domenech-Rodriguez, 2000, pg.4). By the year 2050, the United States population will be 30% Hispanic. Spanish speaking Latinos are the most prominent minority in our society, and because of this it is important that people put forth effort to understand their culture, language and any drawbacks that might come with living in the larger culture. Because of the large population of Hispanics in this area, it was easy to find a family to interview. The family’s country of origin is Mexico. A large portion of the Hispanic population in the United States is from Mexico. In fact, 60% of the Hispanic population in the United States has origins in Mexico (Saracho & Spodek 2008,
The essay will describe the biopsychosocial model of health and its development including who developed the model, then it will look at the models separately which are the biomedical, psychological and sociological models. This essay will outline the effects that diabetes has on people in different ways in relation with the biopsychosocial model of health.
The main idea behind this discussion board is to plan care for patient with diverse background different from mine, describe components of conducting a comprehensive cultural assessment on Latino Americans, reflection of my own culture and how it impacts my attitude toward providing culturally diverse care, and creating of two nursing diagnosis that reflect cultural
Social problems include difficulties with family relationships, isolation, interpersonal conflicts, and pressures of social roles. The Latino culture tends to place a higher premium on the well-being of the family unit over that of any one family member, a concept termed familialism (Smith & Montilla, 2006). In general, familialism emphasizes interdependence and connectedness in the family, and often extends familial ties beyond the nuclear family (Falicov, 1998). Given these values, Latinos often describe depression in terms of social withdrawal and isolation (Letamendi, et al., 2013). Social roles also play an important role in mental health, traditional gender roles in particular are strongly enforced and can be a source of distress. In Latino culture, men and women are expected to fulfill the roles outlined in the traditions of Machismo and Marianismo respectively. Machismo indicates that the man is supposed to be strong and authoritative, while Marianismo designates the woman as the heart of the family both morally and emotionally (Dreby, 2006). Although there is little research on causal factors, adherence to these traditional gender roles can pose a psychological burden and has been found to be strong predictor of depression (Nuñez, et al., 2015). The centrality of social problems in the conceptualization of depression for Latinos may be reflective of the collectivistic values that are characteristic of the group. Although these values have the potential to contribute to depression, they also have the potential to serve as protective factors and promote mental health (Holleran & Waller, 2003). Therefore, it is imperative that the counselor carefully consider cultural values, both in terms of potential benefits and drawbacks, to provide appropriate counseling to the Latino
Unfortunately, when you evaluate Hispanic women most likely they did not go to college, or even graduate high school. There may be many factors that determine their circumstance. For instance, they get pregnant and drop out. There may be a lack of motivation to go to school. They might get married at an early age. Even the nature of the culture may play a role, like making it seem it is okay not to go to college or finish high school. Or sometimes they may not have a role model to encourage them to do better. All these factors may be the cause of this circumstance, but it doesn’t have to always be the excuse. As a high school senior, I have noticed more and more pregnant girls; most of them Hispanic. Many of thes...
The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria, an essay written by Judith Ortiz Cofer, discusses the racial stereotypes Cofer struggles with as a Latin woman who travels across America. Throughout her life, Cofer discusses her interactions with people who falsely misjudge her as a Latin woman. Additionally, Cofer mentions other Hispanic women she has met in her life, who also suffer with racial assumptions. Although several people would disagree with Cofer and claim that she is taking racial remarks too seriously, racial stereotyping is a significant issue that should not be overlooked in our society. People should not base someone’s worth by their outward appearance or their ethnic background.
Diabetes is a prevalent health disparity among the Latino population. Diabetes is listed as the fifth leading cause of death among the Latino population in the website for Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, in 2009. According to McBean, “the 2001 prevalence among Hispanics was significantly higher than among blacks.” (2317) In other words among the Hispanic or Latino community, there is a higher occurrence of diabetes as compared to other racial/ethnic groups such as Blacks and Native Americans. The prevalence of diabetes among Latinos is attributed to the social determinants of health such as low socioeconomic status and level of education. Further, this becomes an important public health issue when it costs the United States $174 billion in both direct and indirect costs, based on the 2007 The National Diabetes Fact Sheet released by the CDC. In turn, medical expenses are twice as high for a patient that has diabetes as opposed to one without. Finally, this high cost becomes another barrier to receiving care for Latinos when some are in the low socioeconomic status.
The Healthy Start Border Alliance is an example of a program which tries to increase the number of pregnant women who receive prenatal care during the first trimester. The program consists of five Healthy Start projects all along the U.S.-Mexican border with the purpose of reducing infant mortality and low birth-weight and improving health and outcome disparities. Currently, the programs are performing surveys of Hispanic women childbearing age, inquiring into the reason for not obtaining early prenatal. The results have indicated that the main reason for not receiving an adequate prenatal care is that pregnancy was unintentional.
The social custom of the Hispanic heritage is based on their lifestyle where the elders have the prestigious position in the Hispanic family because of their experience. When it comes to advice, they look for their family elders; for example when one becomes sick, he goes to family elders for support, advice, and console. The elder may advise safe, simple home remedial. The Hispanic believe that the men are the head of the family and makes all major decisions while the female role are equivalent because they are the maternal powerhouse in their homes. The women are said to be...
M., Feinglass, J., & Simon, M. A. (2013). Pregnancy Intention and Use of Contraception Among Hispanic Women in the United States: Data from the National Survey of Family Growth, 2006-2010. Journal Of Women 's Health (15409996), 22(10), 862-870
Firstly, as a GP, it is crucial to explore the biopsychosocial model of health. One must realise that biological, psychological and social factors all contribute to a person’s overall health. The social dimension cannot be ignored in Anne’s case. According to the World Health Organisation, the social determinants of health are ‘the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age.’ (World Health Organisation. 2013) From the information provided, one could suggest that various social factors have contributed to Anne’s obesity. Anne grew up in a deprived area of the inner city. Growing up in a deprived area does not directly cause obesity, however, social determinants are known as causes of the causes of ill health. (WMA. 2011) Obesity can be caused by consuming too many calories, leading a sedentary lifestyle and not sleeping enough. (Christian Nordqvist. 2011) These, in turn, could be referred to as consequences of living in the inner city. Studies have shown that ‘inner city parents have high levels of anxiety about neighbourhood safety. While these concerns may not entirely explain the discrepancy in activity levels between inner city and suburban children, a safe environment is crucial to increasing opportunities for physical activity.’ (Weir, L.A., Etelson, D. & Brand, D.A. 2006) Similarly, it is possible that Anne’s socio-economic status has influenced her smoking since a person below the poverty threshold is more likely than somebody at or above the threshold to be both a current smoker and not to have quit. (Flint, A.J. & Novotny, T.E. 1997)
In Peirce’s work, Fixation of Belief, he talks about the many methods people go through to come to secure beliefs. He states that the best way for fixing a belief is the scientific method. Throughout the passage, it shows how people uses these methods to fixate on one and how all these methods don’t work because of the external stimuli. Plato similarly choses one of the four methods to test and shows its flaws in the method. I myself also go through these methods to find the basis for the security of my own personal beliefs.
...e health decisions for others in the family because they carry the greatest power in the family, they often accept that this is part of the mother's role of providing a nurturing environment and maintaining the health of the family (Burk, Wieser, & Keegan, 1995). Even many older Hispanics rely on their daughters to help with health issues (Niska, 1999).
Health Promotion Among the Hispanic Minority Health is determined in the nation by the minority health. "Approximately 36 percent of the population belongs to a racial or ethnic minority group" (CDC, 2015).One of these are the "Hispanics or Latinos are the largest racial/ethnic minority population in the United States" (CDC, 2015). "About 1 in 6 people living in the US are Hispanic" (CDC, 2015). Therefore, this student will make the comparison between the status of the health of Hispanic minority and the nations ,barriers of health behavior This paper will compare the health status of the Hispanic minority with the nations, barriers to health seeking behaviors, and methods of promoting health among this population. Status of Health Among Hispanic Minority "Heart disease and cancer in Hispanics are the two leading causes of death, accounting for about 2 of 5 deaths, which is about the same for whites" (CDC, 2015). "Hispanics have more deaths from diabetes and chronic liver disease than whites, and similar numbers of deaths from kidney disease" (CDC, 2015). Even though the percentage of Hispanics suffering from high blood pressure are17% in comparison to 20% of whites. Hispanics are 68% that suffered poorly controlled high blood pressure compare to whites which are 54%. Even though Health risks may vary among Hispanic subgroup and whether they are US born or not. Lower death rate is suffered by the Hispanic than whites .But Hispanic has about 50% higher death rate from diabetes. Many deaths may be prevented within the Hispanic population with an increase in education and health screening . Barriers to Health Promotion in the Hispanic Minority "Social factors may play a major role in Hispanic health" (CDC, 2015). According to the art...