Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Epstein- Barr Virus essay introduction
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Epstein- Barr Virus essay introduction
Harald zur Hausen: The Entire Story
Tales by Hausen
Harald zur Hausen, the German Virologist, was born on March 11, 1936. He lived in the city of Gelsenkirchen-Buer. Hausen was extremely interested in the subjects of biology, birds, and other animals and flowers. However, he decided to focus his studies on medicine at the University of Bonn. He continued his education at the Medical Academy in Düsseldorf. He graduated in 1960. (Harald zur Hausen - Biographical, 2014) .
After graduating, Hausen knew he wanted to continue in the field of biology, however he wanted to be qualified in practicing medicine first. This led him to pursue surgery, internal medicine, gynaecology and obstetrics. Working in the gynaecology and obstetrics field particularly
…show more content…
He began to look for postdoctoral positions in the United States. Hausen got an offer from Gerner and Gertrude Henle at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Hausen got married to Ethel-Michele de Villiers in 1964 and had a son with her, Jan Dirk, a year later. That year he also decided to pursue the offer in Philadelphia. He started working there in 1966. In that lab, the virologists were studying the new Epstein-Barr virus. Hausen wanted to work with a different virus due to his unfamiliarity with the virus. He worked with adenovirus type 12 so that he could become familiar with the molecular methods (Z. Hausen, …show more content…
In the laboratory, Hausen was fascinated by the Epstein-Barr virus, but he was not well acquainted with developing molecular biological methods. This guided him to study adenovirus type 12 (McIntyre, P. 2005). Studying this helped him show that Epstein-Barr virus particles were in single serologically antigen-positive Burkitt’s lymphoma cells. During his time there it was concluded the Epstein-Barr virus was a factor that causes infectious mononucleosis. Once Hausen transferred to the Institute for Virology at the University, he decided to concentrate his research on Epstein-Barr virus. He was able to have the first data available about non- Epstein-Barr virus producing Burkitt’s lymphoma cell line. He was also able to show the presence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer biopsies. This was the first time they were able to show constant tumour virus DNA in human cancers. Once Hausen moved to Institute of Clinical Virology, he shifted his research to cervical cancer because it was believed to be caused by infectious agents. He tried to figure out what caused cervical cancer by using the same approach he used during his Epstein-Barr virus experiment. However, he was not successful. After that attempt, he hypothesized that since genital warts show to have papilloma-virus particles, that he might be a cause to cervical cancer. After
After college he worked at his fathers’ company. In 1929, Norris married Elizabeth Bullion. They had a boy, Gary, and a girl, Gretchen. (Stucker, Kathryn Moore)
... when “HPV inserted its DNA into the long arm of her eleventh chromosome and essentially turned off her P53 tumor suppressor gene” (Skloot 213). This allows the cancer cells to produce monstrously virulent cells, making them hard to kill.
As a researcher, his main goal was to find a cure for cancer. The first discovery was made in 1952, in the developing field of virology. Virology is the study of viruses and how they behave. To develop the vaccines for the viruses, researchers infected the HeLa cells with many types of infections, such as measles, mumps, and the infamous poliomyelitis virus, also known as Polio. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), whose mission is to save lives and protect people’s health, Polio is a "crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease caused by a virus that spreads from person to person, invading the brain and spinal cord and causing paralysis" (Freeman).
Hodgkin 's Lymphoma occurs when following a mutation in the lymphocyte DNA. The mutation occurs after birth, meaning that Hodgkin’s disease is not hereditary. The mutated DNA can lead to the uncontrolled growth of cancerous lymphocytes if untreated. The cancerous lymphocytes produce tumor masses in the lymph
Chester M. Southam, MD, was an American virologist who worked on curing cancer. “Studies had shown that a pathogen called the Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus could eradicate tumors in mice. Because that virus was considered too dangerous for people, Southam searched for something milder, settling on the newly discovered West Nile virus.” He had already spent some time in Africa injecting an assortment of viruses including mumps, dengue, West Nile, and Semliki Forest virus in severely ill cancer patients. The West Nile Virus usually
He was a summer intern at the law business she worked for, and she was assigned as a mentor to him. They eventually fell in love and married in October 1992. She is a very committed mother and considers her family her first priority.
Merriam-Webster defines mononucleosis as: "an acute infectious disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by fever, swelling of lymph nodes, and lymphocytosis."1 It is more commonly called "mono," or "the kissing disease." When I was thirteen, I caught this dreaded disease, and it changed the ways I acted around my friends forever.
He married one of his Malden school pupils, Fanny Norton Smith in 1882. Their daughter Portia was born in 1883. Fanny died in 1884. He then married Olivia Davidson in 1885. A Hampton graduate, Olivia was the assistant principal at Tuskegee.
Rifkind, David, and Geraldine L. Freeman. The Nobel Prize Winning Discoveries in Infectious Diseases. London: Elsevier/Academic, 2005.
What is the human papillomavirus (HPV)? According to the US government’s National Cancer Institute, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a collection of more than one hundred viruses, many types having the ability to grow tumors or polyps that are malignant and others benign. Certain of the viruses are capable of forming genital warts. The HPVs that cause the common warts on hands and feet are different from those that cause growth in the throat or genital area (Human Papillomavirus). Professors Joe Cummins and Dr. Mae-Wan Ho inform us that some types are associated with cancer, and are called “high risk” HPVs. Of the more than one hundred types of HPVs, over thirty can be passed on through sexual contact. Most HPV infections occur without any symptoms and go away without treatment over the course of a few years. However, HPV infection sometimes persists for many years, with or without causing detectable cell abnormalities. Infection from “High risk” types of HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer. Pap smears have also led to earlier detection of these infections. Nearly all women who are sexually active will have HPV inf...
The virus is primarily spherical shaped and roughly 200nm in size, surrounded by a host-cell derived membrane. Its genome is minus-sense single-stranded RNA 16-18 kb in length. It contains matrix protein inside the envelope, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, fusion protein, nucleocapsid protein, and L and P proteins to form the RNA polymerase. The host-cell receptors on the outside are hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The virus is allowed to enter the cell when the hemagglutinin/ neuraminidase glycoproteins fuse with the sialic acid on the surface of the host cell, and the capsid enters the cytoplasm. The infected cells express the fusion protein from the virus, and this links the host cells together to create syncitia.
It all started when I was enjoying a late-night game of poker with some friends of mine, including by best friend, Joe Allen. There was a small rumble and my noticed that my glass of fine wine was disturbed a bit.
According to Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary (2013), Hodgkin’s lymphoma is “a malignant lymphoma whose pathological hallmark is the Reed-Sternberg (RS) cell. This lymphoma typically begins in a single lymph node (esp. in the neck, axilla, groin, or near the aorta) and spreads to adjacent nodes if it is not recognized and treated early.” (p. 1136). Hodgkin’s lymphoma was first discovered in 1832 by Tom Hodgkins, who first noticed the hallmark deformities in the lymph system. Hodgkin’s lymphoma is most prevalent in Caucasians, young adults (ages 15-30), and the elderly (ages 50 and up) (Roddle, Peggs, 2009, p. 208). Although the cause of the disease has yet to be discovered, it has been “associated with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection in 40-50% of cases” (Roddle, Peggs, 2009, p. 208).
Many people have already been exposed to Epstein-Barr virus as young children, but only thirty-five to fifty percent of cases develop into infectious mononucleosis. When children are infected, the child may show a few symptoms, but most likely will not be diagnosed with mono. Once infected with the Epstein-Barr virus, a person will carry it for the rest of their life. If someone receives the virus and does not develop mono, the virus lies dormant until it is activated by another attack. It can be spread by cou...
During one of his earlier apprenticeships, Jenner noticed milkmaids with a disease called cowpox. Cowpox is a close relative to smallpox and is only mild in humans. Pustules appear on the hands and a basic cold is also brought on. At Jenner’s young age he was able to link these two viruses together and come up with a theory for immunization. In 1796, while still attending medical school, Jenner decided to test this theory between smallpox and cowpox. He used a dairymaid, who was a patient of his named Sarah Nelms, who had contracted cowpox and had ripe pustules on her hands. Jenner realized this was his opportunity to test someone who had not contracted smallpox yet. He picked an eight-year old boy named James Phipps to use as his test subject. He scraped open a spot of James' arm and rubbed in a dissected piece of Sarah Nelms pustule into the open wound. A couple days later James became ill with cowpox but was well again within a week. This test proved that cowpox could be spread between humans as well as cows. Jenner's next test would be if the cowpox virus gave James immunity against smallpox. On July 1st of 1796, Edward Jenner obtained an infected smallpox pustule and scratched the virus filled pus into James' arm. This technique of placing a virus into a patient is called variolation. James Phipps did not develop smallpox within the