Harriet Boyd Hawes was one of the first women archaeologist from the United States. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts on October 11, 1871. Boyd Hawes is known in the archaeology world for her findings in Greece on the island of Crete. She is a very important person in archaeology because of what she was able to accomplish as a women at the turn of the 20th century. Harriet Boyd Hawes to accomplish a lot in her personal life, professional live and paved the way for women in archaeology. Harriet Boyd Hawes was the 5th child to Alexander Boyd and Harriet Wheeler Boyd. Her mother unfortunately dies before Harriet turns one. James, Alexander, Harry and Allen are Harriet Boyd Hawes’s older brothers. Growing up in an house with so many boys made her not the average little girl of her time. Alexander was around eleven when his mother died and because of this he took on a parental role for his younger sister. He was the one who introduced his sister to the classics, which later she would major in. …show more content…
Later on in Harriet Boyd Hawes life she inherits Alexander’s estate, because he died young, which helps pays for college and her later adventures. Harriet Boyd Hawes graduates high school from Prospect Hill School, Greenfield Massachusetts. After graduation she went to college at Smith College in Northhampton, Massachusetts. At Smith College Harriet Boyd Hawes study classics and was able to get her BA. Later on she came back to Smith as an Instructor and taught Greek archaeology, epigraphy and modern Greek. After graduating she could have done anything because she had her brothers estate but she wanted to fend for herself so she got a job teaching at Henderson College in North Carolina. She left that job and worked at a finishing school. She then went back to Smith to be an instructor. Later on Smith College gave her an honorary doctorate of humanities and she was the first person ever to get this honor from Smith College. In April of 1896 Harriet Boyd Hawes father died. This lead to her deciding to tour Europe, she left in June of 1896. On October 8 1896 it was her first time seeing Greece. The Greco-Turkish war of 1897 broke out and Harriet Boyd Hawes join the Red Cross and became a nurse. She ended up being a nurse for three different wars in her life time. The other two wars she was a nurse in are the Spanish-American war in 1898 and World War one. Boyd Hawes Europe tour inspired her to go the the American School of Classical Studies in Athens. While in Athens she became known because she road her bike everywhere she went. The American School of Classical Studies in Athens had its men work on archaeological digs but didn’t list the women work on the digs because they believed that ladies should not get dirty. She found doing museum work boring but that was what women could do. Harriet Boyd Hawes wanted to be able to dig so she went to the British School and pleaded her case and Schliemann’s widow, Arthur Evans and David Hograth all agree that she should dig. On May 10, 1900 she got a document from the American School of Classical Studies saying that she can dig in Crete.
When the document came Harriet Boyd Hawes was in the area of Kavousi in Crete. On May 14 her and Jean Pattren started digging. They got ten men to work with them and these men worked on everyone of her excavations. This excavation was a learning experience for Boyd Hawes because she never had training in being an overseer at a dig site but her nursing experience helped her in becoming a leader. As said in her biography Born to Rebel it explains how she had trouble delegating “She liked to be in the thick of things and did not delegate easily, except where domestic chores were concerned (Allsebrook 95).” This was a skill she worked on through out her life. On her first day on excavation Harriet Boyd Hawes worked near the Ag. Antonios but when the men are digging up sherds from the Bronze Age they moved to Azoria Hill and then to
Vronta.
While digging at Vronta they were finding little pieces from the Iron Age and they were finding things like pieces of iron swords, rings, hairpins, vases and bracelets. “…were digging in a place throughout quite unpromising…The boys had made a hole in the side of a tomb, left just as it had been some three thousand years earlier (Allsebrook 97).” Inside there were four skeletons and vases They found an untouched tomb from the iron Age. This was the end of heir first excavation when she got back to The United States she helped Greek immigrants assimilate in the United States.
When she went back to Crete Harriet Boyd Hawes excavated at Gournia. She was looking for a pre-Mycenaean, now known as Minoan, settlement and she was in luck at Gournia. The site was so large that she needed to add around a hundred more workers to dig the site. In 1902 a Cretan currency was established by Boyd Hawes had trouble with payroll as explained in Born to Rebel. “There was a serious shortage of names to help identify the men. They had Christian names, but out of a hundred men fifteen step forward ti the call of Manoles. Harriet therefore decreed “severely that a man would be dismissed the following night of in twenty-four hours he had not provided himself with a distinctive name (Allsebrook 104).” Mrs. Cornelius Stevenson, who was the secretary of Archaeological institute of America, wanted the AIA to back Harriet Boyd Hawes excavations and they ended up paying for a portion of it.
Bibliography
1. Adams, Amanda. Ladies of the Field Early Women Archaeologists and Their Search for Adventure. New York: Greystone , a Division of D & M, 2010. Print.
2. Allsebrook, Mary. Born to Rebel: The Life of Harriet Boyd Hawes. Ed. Annie Allsebrook. Oxford: Oxbow ;, 1992. Print.
3. Begg, D.J.I. "American National Biography Online." American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press, 1 Feb. 2000. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.
In movies there is always a villain or bad guy to ruin someone’s life or career. The only reason why they go after that person is because of jealously, money, or hatred. It is not always easy for villains or temptresses to get their targets, so they have to come up with clever ideas to lure their victims in. In the movie The Natural Harriet Byrd’s killing spree started off as jealously towards people who are very experienced in what they do and only want fame and fortune from it. When Harriet sees how much potential Roy Hobbs has in playing baseball, she then tries figures out what he wants from his extraordinary talent making him her next victim due to his answer.
Jane was born Jane Wilkinson on July 23, 1798, in Charles County, Maryland.She was the tenth child of Captain William Mackall and Anne Herbert Wilkinson. When Jane was less than a year old her father died. In 1811 her mother moved them to Mississippi Territory. The following year her mother died and she became an orphan at the age of 14. She moved in with her older sister,Barbara,and her husband,Alexander, on their plantation near Natchez. She met her soon to be husband James Long while she was there. They ended up married to each other on May 14, 1815.For the next four years they lived in vicinity and soon became a merchant in Natchez, In 1816, when Jane was 18, she gave birth to her first child Ann on November 26. Later she had another daughter, Rebecca, on June 16, 1819. Twelve days after Rebecca was born Jane wanted to join her husband in Nacogdoches, so she left with her two children and slave, Kian.She left them at the Calvit’s. Jane became ill, but she kept on with the trip and didn’t reach Nacogdoches till August.After a short amount of time she was staying there she had to move with other families to the Sabine to run away from the Spanish troops from San Antonio. She later returned to the Calvit’s to find out that her youngest daughter,Rebecca, had died. James and her
Alice Cogswell was an incredible little girl from the 1800s who helped to change the course of history for deaf people everywhere. Alice was one of the first and most prominent figures in the creation of ASL as well as an education system for American deaf people. She became this brave pioneer at only 9 years old.
An influential American printmaker and painter as she was known for impressionist style in the 1880s, which reflected her ideas of the modern women and created artwork that displayed the maternal embrace between women and children; Mary Cassatt was truly the renowned artist in the 19th century. Cassatt exhibited her work regularly in Pennsylvania where she was born and raised in 1844. However, she spent most of her life in France where she was discovered by her mentor Edgar Degas who was the very person that gave her the opportunity that soon made one of the only American female Impressionist in Paris. An exhibition of Japanese woodblock Cassatt attends in Paris inspired her as she took upon creating a piece called, “Maternal Caress” (1890-91), a print of mother captured in a tender moment where she caress her child in an experimental dry-point etching by the same artist who never bared a child her entire life. Cassatt began to specialize in the portrayal of children with mother and was considered to be one of the greatest interpreters in the late 1800s.
A little less than a year after the Fifteenth Amendment passed, Harriet Hernandes and her daughter were dragged from their homes and beaten by the Ku Klux Klan because her husband voted in the recent election. In the Court Document, Harriet Hernandes, A South Carolina Woman, Testifies Against the Ku Klux Klan, 1871 in Spartanburgh, South Carolina, on July 10, 1871, Harrier gives her testimony about what has been happening to her and her family. The audience was the congressional committee appointed to investigate into Ku Klux Klan activity, until they made the testimony public, then the audience was all who cared to read about the terrorism that was brought by the KKK. Although African American men have been given
In the earliest part of Harriet?s life the whole idea of slavery was foreign to her. As all little girls she was born with a mind that only told her place in the world was that of a little girl. She had no capacity to understand the hardships that she inherited. She explains how her, ?heart was as free from care as that of any free-born white child.?(Jacobs p. 7) She explains this blissful ignorance by not understanding that she was condemned at birth to a life of the worst kind oppression. Even at six when she first became familiar with the realization that people regarded her as a slave, Harriet could not conceptualize the weight of what this meant. She say?s that her circumstances as slave girl were unusua...
Civil rights activist, Daisy Bates was at the core of the school desegregation catastrophe in Little Rock, Arkansas in September 1957. Bates used her position as president of a local Arkansas branch of the NAACP to strategically destroy the segregated school system. Her civil rights work involved changing the policies of the Arkansas Public School System that promoted segregation of school students, which in turn denied equality of educational resources and qualitative instruction to Arkansas’ Negro students. This fight for civil rights for students of color caused a fundamental shift in how the state educated its students both Black and White. Her plan halted the nation to expose the segregation in the Arkansas school district. Bates advocated for Black children to attend public schools that had been segregated arguing that the school system needed to be desegregated. As a result of argument, Bates became the mentor to nine African-American students, who enrolled in
Another issue that presented her with difficulties in her teaching job was that of slavery and abolitionism. She had been raised a block away from Harriet Beecher Stowe and had heard stories from Harriet Tubman...
Tiffany Burkes, Jill Fandzel, Jessica Ramuno, Ady Rabie. “Harriet Tubman” csun.edu. n.d. 1, April. 2014. web.
In summary, Harriet has done too many things for families like mine to not be considered a hero in my eyes. She has walked through freezing cold, hungry and tired, but has never faltered on her journeys. She has sacrificed her own safety and well-being several times for the helpless and imprisoned, yet she never stopped her travels. She has constantly persevered through danger, prejudice, and legal limitations; even up North. For these reasons,
What is a hero? For many, a firefighter, police officer, or superhuman may come to mind. According to Robert F. Kennedy, “Each time a man stands up for an ideal, or the lot of others, or strikes out an injustice, he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope.” Clara Barton, a civil war nurse and the founder of the American Red Cross, is the epitome of a hero, as her heroic acts, courage and care during the Civil War serve as an inspiration for others in today’s dark times.
Harriet Tubman (1820-1913) was a former slave who escaped slavery in 1849 at the age of 29. Harriet was passionate about saving other slaves from slavery. She began the Underground Railroad and helped lead over 300 slaves to freedom. Union officers recruited Harriet as a spy shortly after she volunteered to cook and be a nurse at a military hospital. She became the first woman to help lead a military expedition. She assisted Colonel James Montgomery plan a night raid to free slaves working at rice plantations along the Combahee River. Harriet and several black soldiers traveled up the river and freed around 750 slaves on June 1, 1863.
Did you know Harriet Tubman was born Araminta Ross. Harriet was born a slave and raised on Maryland's Eastern Shore where the lines between slavery and freedom were often blurred. She was born in Dorchester County, MD. She died on March 10, 1913.Harriet Tubman changed Americas history dramatically by helping slaves escape in the underground railroad. Create a free website.
The most famous conductor of the secret rescuing organization known as the Underground Railroad was humbly born into slavery as little Araminta Ross in Virginia around the year 1820, soon to become the impossibly courageous Harriet Tubman. She was thrust into hard labor at a very young age while living under very poor conditions, hardly ever getting enough to sleep or eat, and was passed around to different slaveholders when she became too sick to work for them, which happened often. She nearly died when her second master impassively forced Harriet, who was suffering from a case of measles and bronchitis, to wade across freezing cold water to check his animal traps, causing her to nearly lose her life. Her parents saved her once more after nursing their daughter back to health like they had often times before, but her voice was permanently damaged for life. When she recovered, she was sent to work in the fields alongside her parents and siblings, becoming strong and resilient through hard work that she enjoyed, despite her young age and petite size. In her early teens, Harriet was in a store only to be hit in the head with a heavy lead block that a master threw at his runaway slave to bring him down as she stepped in front of the fugitive protectively, causing her to be knocked unconscious for months and having to endure a lifetime of seizures, severe headaches, and inconvenient fainting spells. She was only ever repaid for her perseverance with harsh beatings and discriminating words; but her trials would not be fruitless.
Because of her desperate situation living on Dr. Flint’s property and fearing things would get worse, Harriet was forced to do something she wouldn’t have done under other circumstances. She had sex outside of marriage, and she conceived her first child. This did have the results she wanted. She also had to be very manipulating and cunning. Harriet would have never abandoned her children, but she was also forced to do that. This was ultimately for their own good, but it was very painful for her. She was concerned with how the community would judge her. She drew on the strength of her grandmother during these times.