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Revenge as a theme in Literature
Hamlet's character analysis
Revenge as a theme in Literature
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Revenge is defined as the action of causing hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands. Shakespeare’s Hamlet contains the central idea of revenge. In this story, the father is murdered, the mother marries the murderer, and the son is left to the duty of revenge (Barzilai 87). It is Hamlet’s duty to follow his father’s commands and get his revenge on his uncle, but multiple problems occur and lead to his death along with many others.
In the beginning of the play, Hamlet has returned from Wittenberg to honor the death of his father, King Hamlet, and the ghost of his dead father suddenly confronts him. The ghost of King Hamlet has returned to inform his son about the murder that his brother has committed. While King Hamlet was asleep, his brother, Claudius, placed poison in his ear and left him suffering to die. The ghost of King Hamlet sets the main conflict of the play into motion and puts the idea of revenge into Hamlet’s mind. He says to Hamlet:
If though hast nature in thee, bear it not,
Let not the royal bed of Denmark be
A couch for luxury and damned incest. (I.v.81-83)
This quote causes Hamlet to question his own nature, and he begins to wonder if and how he will try to get his revenge (Goldstein 73). King Hamlet’s ghost wants Hamlet to get rid of Claudius but asks differently for the revenge of Hamlet’s mother:
Taint not thy mind, nor thy soul contrive
Against thy mother aught. Leave her to heaven
And to those thorns that in her bosom lodge
To prick and sting her. Fare thee well at once. (I.v.85-88)
Shortly after King Hamlet was murdered, Hamlet’s mother remarried to Hamlet’s uncle, Claudius, and soon Claudius became the new king. Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude’s, actions did not make K...
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...ent, Gertrude, Laertes, and Hamlet are all dying. Suddenly, Laertes announces that Claudius was behind the plan, and Hamlet grabs the poisoned sword to stab Claudius and forces Claudius to drink the wine to kill him.
Shakespeare’s Hamlet is full of revenge between multiple characters in the play. After seeing the ghost of his father, Hamlet was determined to get his revenge on his uncle, Claudius, for murdering his father and marrying his mother. Hamlet had multiple chances for revenge but was not willing to let his uncle go to Heaven after the crimes he committed. He used schemes and was able to avoid being killed by Claudius. Hamlet’s revenge did not go as planned, seeing that he killed more people than intended and was also killed himself. After the duel between Hamlet and Laertes, Hamlet was finally able to kill his uncle for the wrong actions that he committed.
Claudius quickly takes advantage of this by manipulating Laertes to duel Hamlet. Laertes, under the influence of Claudius takes his fury one step further and poisons his sword, a poison so lethal that one cut will end Hamlet. During their duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet then "In scuffing", they exchange swords. Hamlet wounds Laertes and they are both poisoned.
Revenge is used throughout the play in a few different ways. The first time we see the idea of revenge in Hamlet is when prince Hamlet sees his father's ghost. He is instructed to kill Claudius to seek revenge for the murder of King Hamlet while he was sleeping in the garden. The ghost is
Although many aspects of revenge stimulate the concept of integrity, revenge signifies a more destructive and vindictive focus as opposed to an amicable and restorative one. Mahatma Gandhi said, “An eye for an eye would make the world blind”. Revenge is a universal feeling most people sense, when someone has done them wrong. But in the end revenge usually does not benefit any party. Seeking revenge really won 't make anything better; it will only make things worse. The finest way to get revenge is to move on and remember what goes around comes around. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet depicts the acts of vengeance taken by Prince Hamlet regarding his father’s murder. The course of Hamlet’s emotions, differing from remorse to hysteria, is vividly
Hamlet becomes worried that the ghost who appeared to be his father may actually be the devil. When Hamlet realizes a group of actors are on their way to perform for the kingdom, he concocts a plan that will determine Claudius’s fate. Hamlet decides to ask the actors to reenact the murder of his father so that he can carefully observe Claudius’s reaction; consequently, he would “catch the conscience of the king” (2, 2, 584) if he is truly guilty of murder. The play begins and everything is fine, until the actor who portrayed the king is “poisoned.” After the death scene, Claudius immediately stands up and the play comes to a halt. It is obvious that the play has upset him. After Claudius’s apprehensive reaction, Hamlet knows that the ghost is indeed his father and he must finally avenge his
King Claudius sends Hamlet away to England, but while on the ship, Hamlet experiences an abrupt change of mind. He discovers papers sentencing him to death upon arrival, which ignites a flame within Hamlet. Focusing on self-preservation, he must make an impulsive decision about whether it be his life or the lives of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern on the line (Shakespeare 282). These two are the first to die as Hamlet finally begins to act on his anger. Death continues to take more victims in Act 5 with the poisoning of Laertes, Claudius and Gertrude. Hamlet finally gets the revenge he desires against his uncle, but at what cost? Two of the killed have wronged him, but poor Laertes gets caught in the crossfire of this feud. Not even Hamlet can survive the wrath of revenge. He dies from the poisoned foil as well (Shakespeare 304). Revenge is a dark, foreboding cloud that engulfs anyone surrounding it, which Shakespeare illustrates through the resulting bloodshed when Hamlet finally decides to physically act on his anger. All these tragic scenes depict the horrendous aftermath of revenge and its true
Both Claudius and Laertes want to kill Hamlet for their own separate reasons (Claudius so he can rule without guilt and Laertes to avenge the deaths of his father and sister), so they devise a plan in which they will poison Hamlet during a fencing duel. As they develop the plan, the reader is able to see how Clausius has gone mad about keeping his power and how Laertes is willing to do anything for his father and sister. However, this is when Hamlet finally snaps and goes completely insane as he says "Heaven make thee free of it. I follow thee. I am dead, Horatio. Wretched Queen, adieu! You that look pale and tremble at this chance, That are but mutes or audience to this act, Had I but time- as this fell sergeant, Death, is strict in his arrest."(Hamlet pg 330). Soon enough, Claudius' and Laertes' insanity driven plan backfires as the Queen, Claudius, Laertes, and Hamlet all end up being poisoned and dying not long after. Ironically enough the only main character still living is Horatio, the only one who didn't go
Revenge is a major theme throughout William Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet. This theme provides motivation for characters to murder each other throughout the play, whether or not characters seek revenge for themselves. Because Laertes and Hamlet are so absorbed with wanting to exact revenge upon certain people, they ultimately cause the deaths of all of the main characters in the play. Revenge is the main root of evil in this play. Laertes is greatly influenced by revenge for his actions, especially when he is seeking revenge for his sister.
A revenge tragedy has a basic plot, and a thirst or quest for vengeance and will typically feature numerous scenes or acts of murder and mutilation. As the drama unfolds, Shakespeare presents the ghost of King Hamlet, instructing his son, Prince Hamlet to avenge his death: “If thou didst ever thy dear father love ... Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder” (Act 1 Scene 5). As the only son of the King, this should be an
Revenge almost always has the makings of an intriguing and tragic story. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a perfect example of how revenge unfolds and what it unveils. The play tells the story of Hamlet, the prince of Denmark. Claudius, Hamlet’s uncle, marries his mother soon after his father’s death. Hamlet greatly disapproves of the hasty marriage and suspects foul play. His suspicions are confirmed when the ghost of his father appears and tells him that Claudius murdered him. Hamlet’s father asks him to take revenge upon Claudius, and soon everything takes a drastic change. The courses of revenge throughout Hamlet surround each character with corruption, obsession, and fatality.
Hamlet needs verification of his uncle’s murder of the former king before he can take revenge upon him, as he has a fear of the metaphysical consequences of murdering a man who has done nothing wrong. He seems to be wary of his father’s ghost and the allegations it makes about Claudius’ regicide. The ghost first appears in the play before Horatio, who is Hamlet’s friend, and two guards of Elsinore castle. Hamlet is then told by his father’s ghost to avenge his death after he follows the spirit into the forest. In Elizabethan times, when Hamlet was writte...
“Those who plot the destruction of others often fall themselves” (Phaedrus). This quote was said by a Roman fabulist and it depicts the entire concept of revenge in Hamlet. The nature of revenge causes someone to act upon anger rather than reason. Hamlet takes place in Denmark and is about Hamlet’s uncle who kills his dad to gain power of Denmark. After the killing, Hamlet seeks revenge on his uncle. In the play, there are several characters wanting vengeance like that of Hamlet. Throughout the play, Hamlet, Laertes, and Fortinbras all had a tragic death of a family member which caused their decision for revenge. Consequentially, these revenges caused the demise of two characters and the rise of power of another. The retaliation shown by the Prince of Denmark, as well as Laertes led to the downfall of their government.
Firstly, Hamlet struggles to avenge his murdered father. One of the major themes in Hamlet is revenge. The reader sees that Hamlet is eager for revenge during Hamlet’s conversation with the Ghost when Hamlet states, “Haste me to know
While Hamlet may not be the first story to have the character motive of revenge for the death of one or more loved ones, it is certainly one of the most efficient ones at displaying how self-destructive it is when used as one’s sole motivation. The story is notable in that there are two major characters that have revenge as a major motive: Hamlet Junior, who seeks revenge on his uncle Claudius for murdering his father, Hamlet Senior, and Laertes, who blames Hamlet Junior for driving Ophelia to madness and suicide. Hamlets’ desire for revenge made him extremely unstable, to
Hamlet contains three plots of revenge throughout the five acts of the play. Young Hamlet, after getting a shocking realization from his father’s ghost, wants to enact a plot of revenge against his uncle. Laertes, who was struck twice in quick succession by the death of his father and sister, wants to kill Hamlet. Away in Norway, Fortinbras wants to take revenge on the entire nation of Denmark for taking his father’s land and life. These three sons all want the same thing, vengeance, but they go about it in wildly different ways, but as Lillian wilds points out, “he also sees himself in the mirrors of Fortinbras [and] Laertes.”(153) It becomes clear that the parallels presented throughout the play are there to further illuminate the flaws of
An eye for an eye will more likely make the world blind, rather than healing all the wounds from the past. Revenge is a destructive weapon used to return evil for evil, which can satisfy one’s desire while causing more harm and suffering. Revenge is one of the dominant themes in tragedy, and there is no exception in Hamlet. Shakespeare develops the theme of revenge by portraying Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras as the victims who are plagued with the desire for revenge, allowing the audience to explore their emotion and reaction. Revenge rises up when Hamlet is driven by the ghost to avenge the death of his father, later consumes almost the entire cast of characters when Laertes has to avenge the senseless slaughter of his father and the mysterious