Penicillin is one of the greatest inventions in history. It created many opportunities for innovation and other inventions. Its purpose saved many lives and still used in modern-day. Before Penicillin, no true antibiotic existed. It was accidentally discovered by the Nobel Prize winner, Sir Alexander Fleming. When people are infected, no matter how small, had a high chance of mortality. The author of “The Real Story Behind Penicillin” by H. Merkel states that during a case study Albert Alexander, was the first to be administered with Penicillin. He was inflicted with a cut inside his mouth and developed severe infection throughout his face. The effect of Penicillin was shown to be significantly useful, however production was significantly …show more content…
Process of purification started and chemist like Norman Heatley and Edward Abraham, increased the production of Penicillin with varying techniques. Around 1940, scientist began experimenting with Penicillin, administering it on mice and for the first time, men. Unfortunately, the production of Penicillin was met with an obstacle, being the war. Resources were low, and Penicillin needed more backing as well. Ironically, the successful invention of the Penicillin would prove to save many lives including soldiers. At the time Penicillin’s early promises needed more clinical trials to back it up.
To help produce more Penicillin, Florey and the team turned to the United States. the help received from the United States proved to be a success. Scientist with plenty of knowledge on fermentation, different techniques were used to efficiently increase production of highly productive strains. One of which was moldy cantaloupes. Penicillin still met with some doubt, but many agree that Penicillin showed strong promise. When talking about production of Penicillin, the number of availability and yield was relatively low. Only as many as 100 were
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By the time World War II started countries sought after this drug. War, being the costly extravaganza that it is, had priority over Penicillin. Most Penicillin that were produced were given to soldiers. War was brutal and understandably unsanitary. It was easy for soldiers to be infect due to unsterilized equipment’s and the nasty conditions they must face. More often or not, surgeons had to work on multiple patients at one time, leading to a spread of infection. Like a conveyer belt of patients, rolling in and out of medical tents. On D-day, Penicillin significantly dropped mortality rate of Allied forces dying from infections. The drug combated gangrene and help minimize the spread of infection as well. The timing of Penicillin production was absolutely crucial, as it allowed Allied soldiers to survive and make quicker recovery than the opposing forces. Before Penicillin, sulfa drugs and iodine were used on wounds to treat infections. These did not compare to the prowess of Penicillin. Penicillin was not the key to winning the war however, it proved to improve life and medical advancement for years to
The Factor of War in the Development of Penicillin The discovery, development and subsequent use of penicillin can be considered to be one of the most important breakthroughs in medical history. There were many factors, which were involved in the development of penicillin, and it could be argued that war was the most important, but other factors were also responsible. Alexander Fleming was working in London as a bacteriologist in 1928 when he noticed that a growth of a mould called penicillin produced a substance that actually killed the germs he was working on. He realised that this might be very important and a year later he wrote an article about his findings. However, Fleming did not have the facilities or the support to develop and test his idea that penicillin could fight infection, and he didn't develop it further.
A Comparison of the Laboratory and Industrial Processes When going through the process of fermentation in a laboratory they use certain methods to achieve their goals and some of the methods that they use are completely different from the ones that are used in the industry of fermentation. A fermenter is a container that maintains optimum conditions needed to grow a particular organism I will be using different criteria’s to compare the laboratory and industrial process of fermentation in this assignment; some of them are listed below: * Equipment Used * The Quantity of the Product * Method Used * Quality of the Product Before I get right on into the assignment I will firstly talk about penicillin is and what it is used for today in our society because penicillin will come up. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929 and penicillin is one of the earliest discovered and widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the penecillium mold and the use of penecillium did not begin until the 1940s. Penicillin kills bacteria by interfering with the ability to synthesis the cell wall and this will disallow it from splitting and reproducing and it will only lengthen longer Below are is a table that shows the most obvious differences in fermentation in a laboratory and fermentation in the scientific industry: Laboratory Fermentation: Industry Fermentation: It is a batch culture They use a Ph sensor The Ph level is not being controlled The equipment used is more expensive The temperature is not being measured They use a thermometer The yeast population isn’t been given O² They equip the fermenter with an exit gas and an exit liquid flow The food supply is not being replenished They also equip it with a antifoam and gas flow It also has a dissolved O² sensor Equipped with an Sparser In industry they have a fresh media feed
Adegoke AA, Tom M, Okoh AI, Jacob S (2010) Studies on multiple antibiotic resistant bacterial isolated from surgical site infection. Scient Res. Essays 5:3876-81.
Penicillin, derived from the mold Penicillium, is the first antibiotic to successfully treat bacterial infections on humans. It was accidentally discovered by scientist, Alexander Fleming. While Fleming was growing Staphylococcus, a serious and often deadly infection, in a dish, he noticed the bacteria had stopped growing after a mold found its way
Unsanitary hospitals and camps kept the wounded soldiers in large groups, which were ideal places for infection, fevers and disease to spread. Soldiers were not immune to childhood diseases like the measles and smallpox. Medical science has not yet discovered the importance of antiseptics in preventing infection. Water was contaminated and soldiers sometimes ate unripened or spoiled food. There weren’t always clean rags available to clean wounds.
Years later other scientists were also intrigued by the possibilities of penicillin and produced enough penicillin to prove that it was a useable antibiotic. The scientists from Great Britain were developing all of this during World War II, and unfortunately funding for their drug was unavailable due to the war. They decided to bring their concepts to the United States, and once enough was made, it was eventually used, to treat wounded soldiers during World War I.
The natural components of antibiotics have been used as local remedies long before humans understood the reasons why these sometimes-radical treatments worked. Penicillin became the first manufactured antibiotic after physician Alexander Fleming published articles regarding this bacteria-disabling mold in 1928. Come 1932, penicillin was commonly used to treat infected war injuries, saving the lives of unnumbered soldiers (Lewis). Since then, penicillin has b...
Penicillin, the first antibiotic, was discovered accidentally by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928. Sir Fleming was growing bacteria on agar plates and accidentally left one of the plates open. A mould started growing on this. Fleming noticed that no bacteria grew
Florence Nightingale is a very prominent person in the medical field. She had a strong desire to devote her life to helping others. She is known as the founder of modern medicine. The Nightingale Pledge is taken by new nurses and was named in her honor. The annual International Nurses Day is celebrated on her birthday. Without her contributions healthcare would not be what it is today.
Penicillin is the reason people lived healthy and long lives. Sick, cold, and sore, are feelings people have when they are sick. If people were to become sick and penicillin was not around they would have those feelings for a longer duration. Penicillin was an idea that belonged to a famous scientist by the name of Sir Alexander Fleming. Penicillin was just the slightest of idea in Fleming’s mind after he married his wife who had the profession of a nurse. Fleming made penicillin after conducting test on accidentally infected fungus inhabited plates. He tried washing the fungus of with disinfectant, then he noticed a yellow-green zone around the fungus. He came up with the conclusion that penicillin’s main goal would be to eliminate the outer weak ring
The second pharmacological revolution resulted from the introduction of sulfa drugs, penicillin and others. First effective during World War II, they were used as treatments for injuries and infections.
Thesis: With the advent of antibiotics in 1929 Fleming said, "The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the shops.Then there is the danger that the ignorant man may easily underdose himself and by exposing his microbes to non-lethal quantities of the drug make them resistant."With the overuse of antibiotics today we have seen this very idea come to be.Over usage is caused most prevalently by a lack of education on the part of the patient.Thus stated, the way to overcome such a circumstance is to educate, not only the patient but also the physician.
Discovery and Development of Penicillin. (2014, April 4). Retrieved from American Chemical Society International Historic Chemical Landmarks: https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/flemingpenicillin.html
Walker, a ruthless crook is left for dead on Alcatraz island after his partner Mal Reese betrays him. Reese then runs off with Walker’s wife and the money they stole together. However, Walker survives the attack and manages to recover. With the help of a mysterious man named Yost, Walker returns to have his revenge. He sets out to find Reese and recover the 93,000$. Walker soon discovers that Reese is now part of a criminal organization and is dating Lynne’s sister Chris.
The discovery of antibiotics is attributed to Alexander Fleming who discovered the first antibiotic to be commercially used (Penicillin) in approximately 1928. An antibiotic, also known as an antimicrobial, is a medication that is taken in order to either destroy or slow the growth rate of bacteria. Antibiotics are integral to the success of many medical practises, such as; surgical procedures, organ transplants, the treatment of cancer and the treatment of the critically ill. (Ramanan Laxminarayan, 2013)