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The lessons learnt from industrial revolutions
History in england between 1750 and 1900
History in england between 1750 and 1900
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INDUSTRILIZING THE WORLD HOW DID ENVIRONMENTAL DIFFERENCES AMONG REGIONS OF THE WORLD ASSIST IN DETERMINING THE “WINNERS” OF THE RACE TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION? The 18th century was a time that awaited great change through discovery and applications of new ideas and technology. These changes came about as a result of government stability and populations interest in bettering life standards. It is evident that equal opportunity to industrialize was made possible in several regions of the world due to similar natural and educational resources made accessible. Despite this fact, Great Britain was the first to industrialize because it took more than just the accessibility of resources but as well as the support of the government and willingness …show more content…
The invention of steam powered vehicles played a huge role in Great Britain’s rise to power. Trains and boats were used as alternatives to carriages to transport people and merchandise. As a result communication and logistics improved significantly. These new technologies are what encouraged Britain’s emergence to competence. The shift in power was evident after the establishment of the royal navy which was regarded as one of the most powerful at the time. Britain’s official control in trade subsequent to reducing China’s tariffs on imported goods during the second opium war and their involvement in the scramble of Africa suggests that they had a broader global presence than …show more content…
Working in manufacturing became objective and more organized. This meant that less skill were required to perform tasks which allowed for younger men and women to find employment. Manufacturing became broken down into processes of which people played a small part in. In most cases the workers never saw the end result of their product. Where as in the past they would work on a product from start to finish and even trade. The nature and interest of the economy had changed as the economic importance of family had been overweighed by large
Geographically the United States is a vary diverse landscape that effected America's ability to industrialize. The geographic features of a country will control the need for it to industrialize, less land means less opportunity to farm. This geographic fact will also control the rate of development; less land means a need for faster industrialization. It is this diversity and abundance of land that controlled the economic and social development of America's Industrial Revolution.
Much of Western Europe quickly industrialized after Great Britain. If they did not, they were immediately outclassed by the British in trade and military strength. Industrialization makes good use of the natural resources in a state. Some nations industrialized a while after Great Britain and were falling behind. Two of these states are Russia and Japan.
At the end of the eighteenth century, China’s goods were much desired by Britain. However, the Chinese saw Europeans as savages and did not want to trade with them. During trade, there was an imbalance in China’s favor, because the Europeans were forced to buy Chinese goods using silver. The Western Imperialists began to grow opium poppies from in India, and then smuggle them into China. China soon became addicted to the drug and spent most of it’s money on the purchase of it from the Europeans and Americans. This shifted the balance of power to be in Europe’s favor.
Opium had first arrived in London as a new medicinal trade product. It was new, compact, easily transported, and non-perishable. Trade with China proved very profitable and flourished for more than twenty years uninterrupted, until in 1835 China passed its first laws prohibiting the importation of opium (1). In the years following this prohibition, England responded simply by shifting the drop off points to other ports in China. China resisted these efforts, by England, to continue trade and began attacking their ships. These acts were seen as aggressive in the eyes of the English and the first opium war resulted. The war ended with the treaty of Nanking, which ceded China to Britain. The second opium war between 1856 and 1858 ended with the treaty of Tientsin (2). These two wars were prime examples of commercial imperialism, not only through the opening of treaty ports but through British control of Chinese customs which the 1842 treaty established, and continuing opium trade without restraint (3). All these acts on the part of British and the Chinese prove that there was real awareness of the depth of the opium problem.
One of the most important aspects of imperialism is the take over of government. The English accomplished this in several ways. Some of the “Unfair Treaties” forced the Chinese to allow the English ships into their ports and to allow them to have a major role in the trade market. The English wanted tea, porcelain, and silk from china. The Chinese however didn’t want to gods the English offered in return. The English began trading opium in return for the goods. Although it was illegal, many of the money hungry merchants excepted the opium in return for the things that were valuable to the English. Because of this, the first Anglo-Chinese war erupted. China underestimated the power of England and was defeated. At the end of the war, they were forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing (1842). The treaty was one of the first treaties known as the “Unfair Treaties.” Under this treaty, china gave up the island of Hong Kong, abolished the licensed monopoly system of trade, granted English nationals exemption from Chinese laws, and agreed to give England whatever trading concessions that were granted to other countries then and later.
Britain had found a drug that the Chinese would buy, opium. Opium was legally grown in British India and then smuggled into China, but after a while, its use and sale became illegal due to the damaging effects on the Chinese people. This made Britain angry, and as they had control over the seas, the British easily shut down some of China’s key ports and forced the Chinese to negotiate. However, the British were not satisfied with the agreement, and sent a second, much larger, force to take over more coastal cities. This shows that Britain wasn’t that great during this period as they killed many Chinese People, and ruined many of their
There was a steady increase of opium exports even after China banned the highly addictive drug prior to the Opium Wars, this demonstrates imperialism by the greed and need for economic gain by still enforcing trade after a law was imposed for them not to, this can be seen in fifth document, a bar graph titled "British Opium Exports to China". The British simply cared about their imperialistic ways and had no regards for the Chinese and their wishes for the Opium trading to cease. Prior to the formal exports of opium, Britain saw that China did not like the trading of it and continued to smuggle it even after China officially banned it, due to the fact that opium was a highly addictive drug. This then led to the Opium wars, another example of imperialism connecting to industrialization and modernization. Britain has limited resources due to its inconvenient placement geographically speaking, it is an island nation. So therefore, Britain used a nation with better resources and location placement, China. They made them sign an unfair treaty, the Treaty of Nanjing. This treaty further helped Britain imperialistically, due to the geographically centered terms of the treaty, they had better access to ports, complete control of a main city in China, and "fair"
A new pattern in family life emerges. Families now worked in factories and mills for people they did not know. Production was the key in the industrial society and family was a minor issue. Families were less closely bound together than in the past - the economic link was broken.... ...
So after all the years we wonder why Britain lead the industrial revolution, well the reason is that they enjoyed many advantages that helped them take the lead in the revolution. As I have wrote the agricultural revolution increased food production, which freed many laborers to work in indust...
The Steam Engine “In the never-ending search for energy sources, the invention of the steam engine changed the face of the earth.” (Siegel, Preface) The steam engine was the principal power source during the British Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The steam engine opened a whole new world for everyone. The steam engine maximizes production, efficiency, reliability, minimizes time, the amount of labor, and the usage of animals.
In Britain, the steam engine was utilized. Britain generated 620,000 horsepower out of the European total of 860,000. Many western European nations soon caught up, after the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, and Britain then generated less than half of the total European horsepower. Technological change increased production heightened demands on transportation system to move material and products. Massive road and canal building programs were a response, but steam engines were a direct result of these demands.
Throughout the years Britain had always tried to use the Chinese markets to their advantage. This is what was seen as the biggest and only cause towards starting the First Opium War. Although the British were gaining a profit from selling their own goods to Chinese consumers, they were not making enough to counter the massive amount of spending they were doing on Chines...
Both J.H. Clapham and Arthur Redford use this fact in two of their articles to argue the point that the changes in British manufacturing “were far less revolutionary than first supposed”4 , a similar feeling can be found the Cain and Hopkins article mentioned earlier, in so much as that they recognise that agriculture was still as huge part of the British economic landscape as it still 'generated a substantial part of national income'5. So if the Empire was not fuelled by industrialisation, the relationship between the two factors can be seen as reversing and as the British Empire being the reason for mass industrialisation taking place in Britain. This view of the relationship is most easily seen by using China as a case study. Whilst Britain still remained in the depths of the feudal system and farming dominated the lives of the masses, 11th century China possessed the ability to produce 125,000 of pig ironi, smelt iron and had power-driven spinning machines, and yet the industrial revolution did not take place in China in the
Britain had a tremendous source of coal and iron. This benefited them because “Coal provided the power to drive the steam engines and was needed to make iron. Iron was used to improve machines and tools and to build bridges and ships.” Since they had a large supply of these resources, they could build more technologies than other countries.
England was the first country to experience the advantages and disadvantages of the Industrial Revolution, as it was the very first country in which the event happened, primarily because England was such a good source of coal and iron, arguably the most important resources needed by a country during the Industrial Revolution. Although England also experienced the Industrial Revolution because England was bountiful in lead, copper, tin, limestone and fast water supplies, overall, England was probably the most ideal place for the Industrial Revolution to be staged in the first place.