As transistors get smaller and smaller, silicone transistors are shrinking rapidly to nearly atomic scale. As silicone transistors reach that size, it starts to become ineffective. Transistors has reached a saturation limit, where if made smaller electrons cannot be stopped from source to drain. Graphene now comes into the pictures. Graphene, is the hot topic that every physicists, material scientists, and electrical engineers have been talking about. Why did it garner such popularity in the scientific world, and deserve a Nobel Prize? One, out of many great future application of Graphene is further the shrinkage of transistors. Dominated in a world of silicone transistors, as it is being shrunk to near atomic sizes there emerges many limitations; one of which is the halt of further improvement in transistor speed. Graphene is composed of single carbon atoms bounded together to form a flat hexagonal plane, where one carbon is at each of the six corners. Multiple hexagonal shapes are connected together to form a plane. The “miraculous” physical aspect of this composition allows the e...
Amandi Hiyare: Before forming my research question, I had a discussion with my research project coordinator “Lisa Pope” who told me that the Flinders nanotechnology research team has been developing microbial catheters. Then on Monday I had an interview with Professor Joe Shapter who told me that your team was leading this project. So I was wondering whether you would be able to provide me with some detailed information about this innovation?
The aim of this experiment was to study the movement and trajectory of an electron that moves perpendicular to a magnetic field and measure the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron.
The number of transistors for a Pentium 4 processor is about 42,000,000 transistors per chip, and that was beginning in the year 2000 (Moore's Law). Should Moore's Law continue, the number of transistors on a microprocessor would be approaching 1 billion. Skeptics inquire, "Just how is this possible," presenting a valid point. Transistors work by being on or off and consequentially creating a zero or one in mathematical lines of code when electricity is sent to them. There is a gap of electrical insulation that separates the source, the direction from which the charge is coming, and the drain, the direction the charge should empty into or not, depending if the transistor is on or off. If the transistor gets much smaller it will be made up of only a few molecules and atoms, far to small to effectively conduct electricity or light.
early 1990’s, no such material was known. In 1991, carbon nanotubes were discovered. Although not
Graphene has received great mass media coverage since Geim and Novoselov published their foundlings about monocrystalline graphitic films in 2004, which won them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. (Novoselov et al, 2004) It has been described as the wonder substance or super material by the mass media, not only because it is the thinnest material ever known and the strongest ever measured, but also due to its excellent electrical, thermal, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. It has high specific surface area, high chemical stability, high optical transmittance, high elasticity, high porosity, tunable band gap, and ease of chemical functionalization which helps in tuning its properties (Geim et al, 2007) Moreover, graphene has a multitude of amazing properties such as half-integer room-temperature quantum Hall effect (Novoselov et al, 2007), long-range ballistic transport with almost ten times greater electron mobility than that of silicon, and availability of charge carriers that behave as massless relativistic quasi particle, known as Dirac fermions. (Geim et al, 2007) The outstanding electrical conductivity and the transparency and flexibility of graphene-based material have led to research and development of some future technologies, such as flexible and wearable electronics. In addition, graphene can also be used for efficient energy storage materials, polymer composites, and transparent electrodes. (Geim et al, 2007) This paper presents a
1 David Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, Extended, 5th ed. (NewYork:Wiley, 1997) 361
In the modern world, we have many devices that help us with our daily lives. These devices include the cellular phone, the music player and many more but none of these devices would exist without the invention of the transistor. The transistor is essentially the most important device ever created. Not because of what it does but because of what size it is. The transistor is absolutely necessary for our day-to-day lives.
the bulk to ordinary matter; the volume of an atom is nearly all occupied by the
Cyclic voltammetric and amperometic measurements will be performed to measure and detect the current at the working electrode and plotted versus the applied voltage. Electrochemical window of working electrode and electrolyte solution can examine the oxidation/reduction peak of redox species. If absence of redox analyte the cyclic voltammogram will form rectangular shape as voltage constantly varies the current will get to steady state. GO (0.5 g/mL) will be added in to 0.05M Sodium Perborate (PBS) solution. 30 continuous Cyclic voltammograms will be executed in the potential range between 0 to -1.5 V while scan rate at 30 mV/s. A cathodic peak will emerge at -1.0 V with an onset potential of -0.75 V during first cathodic potential scan. Cathodic peak will be disappearing completely after several cycles.
What are Carbon Nanotubes? Carbon Nanotubes are different structural modifications of carbon. They are also cylindrical carbon molecules that have interesting properties that make them potentially very useful in many applications over many fields industry such as nanotechnology, semiconductor, optics and many other fields of materials science, as well uses in architectural area. They can exhibit extraordinary strength and amazing electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of electric current and heat. Their final usage, might may be limiting from their unknown toxicity.
Humans these days take electricity for granted. We don’t truly understand what life was like without it. Most young adults will tell you their life does not depend on electricity, but they aren’t fooling anyone. They all know that their life depends on electricity; whether it’s television, their phone, Google, or the lights in their house. We need to stop taking those things for granted and give credit where credit is due. That is why I chose to write about the scientists who contributed to the discovery of electricity, which then helped modern scientists fuel the electricity phenomenons we now have today.
Diamonds, the beautiful clear-cut gem, the ultimate symbol of esteem and love. I 've always had a love for diamonds, a love I wasn 't sure why existed, maybe it was the promise of the value and self-esteem they brought, or maybe it was the beautiful, shiny presence of them on any valuable ornament. Looking at diamonds, you can tell they are one of a kind, right ? Well aren 't they? I used to be of the former perception, that diamonds are the ultimate height of wealth and value, but not anymore. I have to give credit to my high-school economics teacher, who barged into my argument of how I was going to buy the biggest and most expensive diamond ever, with “you know diamonds are intrinsically worthless right?”. With the shock and awe of any lover
Expo 2020 in Dubai, is set to be a very impactful event that will bring minds together to find solutions to global issues. The miraculous multi-functional material graphene will surely be featured in this world fair and it will definitely play a huge role in the future of not only the UAE, but also the entire world.
Grundmann, Marius. Physics of Semiconductors: An Introduction Including Devices and Nanophysics. New York: Springer, 2006. Print.
Basic Electronics Electronics Today Advances in electronics have given us pocket calculators, digital watches, heart pacemakers, computers for industry, commerce and scientific reach, automatically controlled production processes, instant viewing on our television screens of events n the other side of the world and a host of other applications. These have become possible largely because we have learned how to build complete circuits, containing thousands of electronic parts, on a tiny wafer of silicon no more than 5mm square and 0.5 mm thick. Microelectronics is concerned with these ‘densely populated’, miniaturized integrated circuits (ICS), or ‘chips’ as they are called, which are changing the way we live and work and challenging us to see that the changes are for the better. Chips are also used to control robots in factories, electric cookers, washing machines and traffic lights; they are the brains behind TV games and microcomputers; they form the hearts of machines for teaching spelling and arithmetic and can even be used to mix cocktails and recognize signatures! Today, electronics is being used to an ever-increasing extent in communication, control and computer systems as well as in domestic products and for medical care. In the first Industrial revolution, machines replaced muscles. In the second, now upon us, and brought about by microelectronics, brainpower is being replaced. Few areas of human activity are likely to escape. Resistance ”Resistance is anything that causes an opposition to the flow of electricity in a circuit. It is used to control the amount of voltage and/or amperage in a circuit. Everything in the circuit causes a resistance (even wire). It is measured in OHMS”. (http://webhome.idirect.com/~jadams/ele...