Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Cognitive vs moral development theory
Implications of moral development
Implications of moral development
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Cognitive vs moral development theory
Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation
Moral development consists of the way an individual’s thoughts, behaviors, and emotions are formed. This development plays an important role in what the individual views as being “right” and “wrong”. Many cognitive theorist and psychologist have studied moral development and have respective theories. One of the widely known theorist moral development is Lawrence Kohlberg.
Lawrence Kohlberg was a professor at Harvard University. He became famous for his work there in the 1970’s. (Barger, 2000) Kohlberg started at Harvard University as a developmental psychologist, then later became interested in moral education. Kohlberg used the thinking of Jean Piaget and John Dewey, two famous psychologists. He was also inspired by psychologist James Mark Baldwin. (Barger, 2000) Lawrence Kohlberg decided to take the thinking of Jean Piaget a little further. He used Piaget’s story telling method as mode for his research. (McLeod, 2011) After telling the story to individuals in different age groups Kohlberg would ask a series of questions to evaluate the individual’s level of moral standards and reasoning. (McLeod, 2011)
Kohlberg’s story was about a man named Heinz. (McLeod, 2011) Heinz’s wife was dying from a form of cancer. The doctors caring for Heinz wife couldn’t save her. One doctor told Heinz about a new medicine that could potentially save his wife’s life. Heinz went to the chemist and asked for the medicine. The chemist charged way more than Heinz could afford. Heinz came up with half of the money and asked the chemist for a cheaper rate or possibility of paying the chemist later. (McLeod, 2011) The chemist still refused, claiming that he could get lots of money for the medicine from others. Later that nig...
... middle of paper ...
...f Development. Retrieved from faculty.plts.edu/gpence/html/kohlberg.htm
McLeod, S. (2011). Simply Psychology - Kohlberg. Retrieved, from www.simplypsychology.org
Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P. A., & Hall, A. M. (2013). Developmental Theories. In Foundations of Nursing (8th ed. (pp. 130-139). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Mosby.
Works Cited
Barger, Ph.D., R. N. (2000). A Summary of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development. . Retrieved from www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/kohlberg01.htm
Crain, W. C. (1985). Theories of Development. Retrieved from faculty.plts.edu/gpence/html/kohlberg.htm
McLeod, S. (2011). Simply Psychology - Kohlberg. Retrieved, from www.simplypsychology.org
Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P. A., & Hall, A. M. (2013). Developmental Theories. In Foundations of Nursing (8th ed. (pp. 130-139). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Mosby.
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development is three levels consisting of two stages in each. Kohlberg’s Theory explains how a human’s mind morally develops. Level one is typically common in younger children. The two stages in level one are pre-conventional stages. Stage one is obedience and punishment driven; one will judge an action by the consequences given. Stage two is out of self interest. Level two is mostly common in teenagers. The stages in this level
The background information provided by the author on this issue was determined by an instrument that captures how a person would use moral reasoning. The pre and post test of the Defining Issues Test (DIT) formulated by Rest, Narvaez, Thoma &Bebeau in 1999, was the primary instrument used in collecting data. She also reflected on several social work ethics literature, psychology, marriage, family therapy, counseling that focused on ethical decisions. Kaplan also indicated the Rest’s Neo-Kohlbergian Theory which progressed throughout the year played a significant part in the research study. It focused on how a person can reach their highest stage of development. Lastly, McNeel in 1994 determined that liberal arts programs had the greatest influence on moral reasoning.
For the childhood and elder age group, there are several stage theories that describe what life is generally like at these time periods. Two famous psychologists that contributed to theories about aging stages were Lawrence Kolhberg and Erik Erikson. Kohlberg was responsible for the development “ladder” of moral thinking throughout the ages (Myers 168). Children were expected to have a preconventional morality, meaning that they have a morality based on self-interest. Elders were expected to have a postconventional morality, which would mean having consideration for ethics and using reasoning and logic.
Lawrence Kohlberg disagreed with Freud’s idea that the conscience and morality suddenly begin at age5 or 6, Kohlberg suggests that the development of morality is a gradual process that begins in childhood and continues to develop into adulthood.
The moral development of children can depend on many factors. Parenting and upbringing of the child, their environment, social environment, gender, and race are all aspects that can contribute to how a child develops their moral standards and expectations. Many psychologist have tried for several years to develop a theory to how morality is developed. One in particular is Lawrence Kohlberg (1958), his moral development theory is based on the cognitive development of children and it is thought that moral development proceeds and changes as cognitive development occurs (Arnett, 2012). Kohlberg’s moral development theory consist of 3 different levels each containing 2 stages altogether making 6 stages of moral development, as Kohlberg conducted
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Essentials of Nursing Research (7th ed): Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Walker, L. O., & Avant, K. C. (1995). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT:
Meleis, A. I. (2012). Theoretical nursing: Development & progress (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. [CourseSmart version]. Retrieved from http://www.coursesmart.com
For my self-assessment, I chose to discuss the Middle Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood life stages. The theories of human behavior that will be discussed are Erikson’s Psychosocial theory, Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning, and Albert Bandura’s social learning theory. I chose these life stages because they are the stages where I have experienced many events that have shaped me into the person I am today. There are a number of factors that have played a role in my development over a period of time and I will discuss them throughout my paper.
Masters, K. (2012). Chapter 2: Framework for Professional Nursing. Nursing Theories: A Framework for Professional Practice (56, 57). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Many researchers have written about child development, but none are quite as well known as Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg. Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory and Lawrence Kohlberg’s moral development theory have been essential for researchers to gain a better understanding of child development. While these theories are unique in explaining different types of child development, they have many similarities and differences as well.
Kohlberg’s theory of the stages of moral development has gained some popularity despite being controversial. The claim that the levels form a “ladder,” the bottom being the immature child with a pre-conventional level and the top being a post conventional ethical individual. The sequence is unvarying and the subject must begin at the bottom with aspirations to reach the top, possibly doing so. (7) Research confirms that individuals from different cultures actually progress according to Kohlbergs theory, at least to the conventional level. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development continue to provide a foundation for psychology studies of moral reasoning. (6)
Behavioral Research & Therapy, 23, 437-451. Rodgers, L. & Knafl, K. A. (1993) The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the ' Concept Development in Nursing: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications. pp. 73-92).
What is moral development? In a nutshell, it’s the progression of morality throughout one’s lifetime by means of different stages. There are six of these stages, developed by Lawrence Kohlberg, that help to explain our moral choices and cognitive skills relative to our approximate age. Furthermore, as Kohlberg suggests, everyone reaches stages one through four: Punishment and Obedience, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange, Interpersonal Expectations and Conformity, and Law and order, respectively. Stage1 is characterized by the threat of punishment and the promise of reward. Stage 2 actions are
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row.