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The french revolution
Analyze french revolution
The french revolution
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The Spark of Global Revolutions History has proven to be a series of domino effects causing nations and kingdoms around the world to evolve together. This is depicted in the Age of Revolutions, where advancements in how people think initiated many revolutions around the world. During these revolutions, people would fight against the government to overthrow it in order to bring about change. In addition to governmental problems, money also plays a role in the cause of revolt. Financial shortages can cause people to want to alter their way of life because in the end, it is the commoners -majority of the people- that are affected. Social issues are also incredibly prominent in the spark of revolutions. If the people of a nation are not treated …show more content…
The lower class, more specifically would have issues with this because they are affected by poverty and financial shortages the most. This was depicted in France the most as the “Revolution [flared] up in 1789 in response to economic … problems” (Document 4). Commoners and poor people not given sufficient money experienced these problems, resulting in revolt. If people, in general, are not provided and supported by basic needs financially, a revolution is inevitable. During this time, the third estate would own only 70% of land while the first owned 10%, which is highly unfair (Document 2). This type of unjust system results in the rich living extremely luxuriously with more than enough land in ignorance to the poor living with less than enough. The less wealthy will obviously want to do something about this. John Locke also states in his Two Treatises on Civil Government that “ whenever government tries to … destroy the property of the people … it puts itself in a state of war” (Document 6). This is because property symbolizes prosperity, and if taking that away means destroying it, the people will be unhappy. This will result in, once again, an effort to overthrow old
Revolutions have occurred throughout history. The evolution of revolutions might be comparable to the different stages of an illness. Similar to a sickness, revolutions can be studied in stages. The different stages of an illness included the inoculation, symptomatic, crisis, and convalescence stages. In each of the stages, events occurred that may lead to the next stage in the development of the disease. Resembling an illness, revolutions also happened in stages. The revolutions stages are comparative to the stages of an illness like the flu. The fever model could be used to show the progression of the Haitian and the Gran Colombian Revolutions.
Gottschalk describes the several factors that tend to be contributors and antecedents to every revolution. The first is “provocation- if it results in dissatisfaction sufficiently general to create not merely a certain slough of subjective despair but an epidemic desire for action” (Gottschalk, p. 5) He argues that this was achieved when Great Britain began to impose their taxes, tariffs and Intolerable Acts. Gottschalk states that the second factor for a revolution is the “demand for change” (Gottschalk, p. 5) A revolution cannot happen unless there is a “solidified public opinion” (Gottschalk, p. 4) and support for change. Gottschalk also states that in addition to hopefulness by citizens, a revolution needs leaders. Intellectuals need to be aware of the desire for change and provide programs to generate general awareness through leadership. (Gottschalk, p. 6) The third, and arguably the most important, factor contributing to a revolution is “the weakness of the conservative forces”. (Gottschalk, p. 7) Gottschalk states that if Great Britain had not been already in several wars, the likelihood of success for the colonies would have dropped dramatically and probably have been
Historian Albert Mathiez states that “The middle class… was sensitive to their inferior legal position. The revolution came from them- the middle class. The working classes were incapable of starting or controlling the Revolution. They were just beginning to learn to read.” The middle class were not able to have a class on their own; they were still considered peasants. In the illustration it showed how much people and land each estate held, the Clergy was one percent of the population which owned ten percent of the land. Nobles were two percent of the people that owned thirty-five percent of the land. The middle class, peasants, and city workers were ninety-seven of the people owned fifty-five percent of the land. This means that if the third estate were to riot, this would cause havoc. There was a lot during that time; the website Macrohistory and World Timeline shows that “The population of France had grown to between 24 and 26 million, up from 19 million in 1700 without a concomitant growth in food production. Farmers around Paris consumed over 80 percent of what they grew, so if a harvest fell by around 10 percent, which was common, people went hungry. There was insufficient government planning and storage of grain for emergency shortages”. If there were approximately 26 million people, there would be 25,220,000 people in the third estate, 520,000 people in the second estate, and 260,000
Often countries or leaders try to put too many restrictions on their subjects or territories and then the people rebel.
Some people like Emmanuel Sieyès, middle-class writer who was taken by the Enlightenment ideas, believed that all of French Society lay on the backs of the third estate. On the contrary, Robespierre, the monarch at the time, believed that the third estate did not have the power to do anything important to society. The third estate had to pay taxes like the Gabelle and Taille while the first and seconds estates did not have to pay any taxes to the king. Also, the third estates had less of a representation in voting. The first and second estate could outvote the third estate every time and this was a huge inequality. The condition of the third estate was horrible but a good portion of this third estate was the bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie had some wealth and social class, so they influenced the rest of the third estate about their rights, while also inspiring some lower clergies and provincial nobles and thus led to a group of rebellious people to fight the monarchy. This fight for political representation and political rights was only one cause of the French Revolution. Another causes lies in the French Monarchs: Louis XlV, Louis XV, and Louis XVl. When Louis XlV was ruling, the monarchy had unlimited power and was known as a
Throughout history, countless uprisings have occurred. Historians classify any forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system as a revolution. The success or failure of a revolution is directly related to the revolution’s causes and consequences. The French Revolution was more successful than the Nicaraguan Revolution, because the Nicaraguan Revolution left the country in social and financial ruin, foreign powers had much greater interference, and it precipitated a period of political unrest with multiple leadership changes. One cause of both revolutions was that people from all social classes were discontented.
and more tolerable for the poor. In fact, they just make it harder to live in this cruel environment. Revolts and rebellions are the only solution that can change and improve the standard of life for the lower and middle classes of society.
The Market Revolution (1815-1848) was a time of rapid political change throughout the United States, with democracy coming to the forefront. The fight for democracy reached a boiling point after the War of 1812. This was due to more diverse groups getting involved in politics, and demanding that the United States follow through on its promise of “liberty and justice for all.” This led to the rise of many different political movements including passive resistance by Native Americans and the abolitionist movement. Many groups were finding the best way to use a political platform to further their agenda toward liberty. Despite greater liberty for previously marginalized whites, liberty continued to contract during the Market Revolution for people
In Locke’s state of nature, there was never a need to assume that one must equally divide possessions. Locke’s notion of of the right to property was crucial because it was held on the same accord as rights such as life and liberty respectively. By doing so, property becomes subjected to the whims of political processes just as any similar right would require. This means that Locke was able to justify inequalities in property through the need of political regulation for property. There was also a drastic imbalance in Locke’s civil society due to the two classes that unlimited accumulation of property created. Locke suggested that everyone is a member of society and yet only those who owned property could fully participate in society. Those who did not own property were unable to fully participate, because it could give them the opportunity to use their newfound legitimate power to equalize property ownership, going against Locke’s key belief of unlimited accumulation. In Locke’s views, due to the overwhelming abundance of property, there was never a need for a method to ensure impartiality. The inequality stems from Locke’s inability to realize the discrepancy would become more and more apparent as men used money to expand their possessions. This structure established two different types of class within society, the upper echelon citizens who share in the sovereign power and the second class citizens
The term revolution simply means a complete change. At the time of the Civil War Era, which has come to be know as the fight over states rights, many events like the constitutional amendments, the rise in hate crimes and the very well known black land rights have all had a major contribution to the changes that have been brought throughout the country during this time period.
The third estate consisted of the remaining 23.5 million French people who were 90% peasants. The third estate was the only estate that paid taxes. Their taxes ensured the financial well-being of the clergy, state, and nobles (French Revolution Overview 6). The Enlightenment was a major influence of the French Revolution. The Enlightenment caused the revolution in three ways.
They were only two percent of France’s population, but owned twenty percent of the land. They paid no taxes (Krieger 483). The third estate accounted for ninety-eight percent of France’s population. The third estate was divided into three groups; the middle class, known as the bourgeoisie, the urban lower classes, and the peasant farmers. The third estate lost about half their income in taxes.
The Third Estate consisted of everyone else, the pheasants, farmers, landless labourers, serfs and the emerging middle class called the bourgeois. 80% of the population was rural and were very highly taxed by the king, like the rest of the Third Estate.... ... middle of paper ... ... Overall, the weakness and indecisive actions of France's monarch, King Louis XVI, did not make those serving him respect or be loyal to him and his choices.
The Privileges of the First and Second Estates in France in the 1780's Under the Ancien Régime, the French people were divided, according to their status, into ‘estates’ or social groups. These groups were very unequal in size and power. It is difficult to give exact figures for this period, but it is estimated that the First Estate, the clergy, had around 170,000 members, the Second Estate, the nobility, had 300,000-400,000 members, while the remaining Third Estate made up the rest of the population. Louis XVI was an absolute monarch and under his regime, the people of France had to pay taxes, which went towards the army, the public officials and the luxurious life that the royal family led at the Palace of Versailles. Even though the Third Estate was the poorest overall, the unfair Ancien Régime meant that the huge burden of taxes fell mainly upon them.
The wealth, power, and prestige of the bourgeoisie, acquired mostly from their control of institutions, industries, and means of production, enabled them to force upon the proletariat their economic, political, and religious ideologies. These are the same ideologies "used to maintain certain social relations" (Eagleton 466). These very ideologies are what "make the masses loyal to the very institutions that are the source of their exploitation" (Tischler 16). Once the proletariat ceases to believe in or abide by those ideologies, revolt is inevitable, and the moment it occurs, so does the destruction or alteration of a single controlling and tyrannical power altogether. Thus, it can be said that "the bourgeoisie reign is doomed when economic conditions are ripe and when a working class united by solidarity, aware of its common interests and energized by an appropriate system of ideas, confronts its disunited antagonists" (Rideneir).