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Modern chapter 7 the foundation of european exploration
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Giovanni Caboto Giovanni Caboto, or John Cabot as he is known in English, was born most likely around 1451 in Genoa, Italy. In 1461 he relocated to Venice and eventually became a Venetian citizen on March 28, 1476 after fulfilling the fifteen year residency requirement. As an employee of a mercantile firm, Caboto frequently traveled to the shores of the Mediterranean and Mecca which was a great trading post at the time. As an experienced seamen, Caboto envisioned a great voyage of discovery for himself. In 1484 Caboto moved to England with his three sons, Ludovico, Sebastian, and Sancto. In 1492, came the word of Columbus' success. With the discovery of what was though to be India, the great exploration race began. Not to be outdone by Spain who backed Columbus, King Henry VII of England issued grants for Cabot and all of his sons to seek islands and countries in the west, east, and north in hopes of a British monopoly on trade that could possibly be established. Caboto returned quickly to Bristol to prepare for his voyage. Caboto, on the basis that the world was much bigger than Columbus claimed, created a plan to instead of having a start point at a more southerly latitude he would start a northerly latitude where the longitudes are much closer together, making his voyage shorter and giving easier access to his goal of reaching "Cipango," or current day Japan. On his maiden voyage in 1496, Caboto experienced trouble in the forms of food shortage, inclement weather, and disputes within his crew and was forced to turn around and return to Bristol. However, Caboto was determined to make the trip and in May 1947, he set sail once again from Bristol on the small ship Matthew with a crew of 18 men, one of which may have been his son Sebastian. Caboto made the voyage in safe and amiable conditions up to three days prior to sighting land. Records show that on June 24, 1947, after fifty days of sailing from England, he reached the American mainland before Columbus by proceeding around Ireland and then north and west. However, the exact location of Caboto's successful landing is still under scrutiny. The charts of Sebastian Caboto seem to put the point around Cape Breton Island. Some historians however, feel this is a falsification on Sebastian part to support the English claim to possession. Exploration of the land discovered signs of civilization but no inhabitants could be found.
Toward the end of pre-colonial times in Europe, due to the fall of Constantinople, many European nations felt the need to find an alternate route to the East Indies. The trade of rare goods such as spices, rice, exotic fruits and silk fabrics were much in demand, but came at extreme prices. In the beginning of the ‘Age of Exploration’, Portugal was in the forefront with the early explorers Henry the Navigator, Zarco and Tristao Vaz Teixeira, and Diogo Silves discovering the Madeira Islands, the Azores, and the exploration of Africa respectively, but King John the II of Portugal was unconvinced by Christopher Columbus’s pleas to fund his plan to sail West to the East Indies. Columbus made many demands for self-profit, including ten percent of any riches with which he returned, and even an ‘Admiralty’. Subsequently, Columbus took his plans to Queen Isabella of Spain. Spain acquiesced, and Columbus set off on his fateful journey. The Roman Catholic Church was very interested in expanding the Christian faith during this time and applied its influence on the monarchy. Religion also played a large personal role as Columbus truly believed that God spoke to him, and guided his hand. Additionally, at this time in Europe, land and food were at a premium. The monarchs of the era were fully aware that the acquisition of more land, slave labor and possible natural resources would greatly increase their power, prestige and subsequent wealth. After learning of Columbus’ successful return and the Treaty of Tordesillas (which divided the New World between Spain and Portugal), King Henry VII of England threw his hat into the ring and sent John Cabot sailing from Bristol on an attempt to find a shorter route to the ‘Indies’. Not to be left out in ...
not known, but historians believe that he was born in 1480, and he died in
"Early Explorers of the Western Hemisphere." World Almanac & Book of Facts 2000, 1999, p456.
Introduction: The motivation for settlers to travel to the Americas was not the intranational and international rivalries revolving around choice of religion and all-around “we’re better than you” mentality, but instead the goal for each to increase their own personal wealth. The colonists were part of the Virginia Company, which was divided into two smaller companies: London Company and Plymouth Company. The founding of Virginia marked the beginning of a second round of colonization attempts from England, as the first round of attempts in the 1570s and 1580s failed miserably. Rather than grant conquistadors the permission to claim land for them, as well as give them large sums of money for funding, the English used jointstock companies to lead settlers to the New World with the hope of profiting from this arrangement.
Christopher Columbus was a renaissance explorer in 1492. he was sent by queen Isabelle and king Ferdinand of Spain to look for a trade route to east Asia
The Letter to Santangel by Christopher Columbus proved to be invaluable in many respects because of its description and detailed account of Columbus's discoveries. This letter written after a monumental time in history was rare but provided information that delved into Columbus's intentions, his audience, his beliefs, and his expectations of the New World. Lastly, the letter is also useful as a primary source in history to contextualize Columbus's discovery in 1492 though bias, it is valuable to read from the individual himself.
The first "English" explorer who set his foot on the new continent was John Cabot. He landed on the American east coast at 24 June, 1497. Cabot's exact landing place is still unknown, because of lack of evidence. Many experts think it's on Cape Breton Island, others look for it in Newfoundland, Labrador or Maine. Cabot was Italian, but King Henry VII gave him a grant "full and free authoritie, leave, and power, to sayle to all partes, countreys, and seas, of the East, of the West, and of the North, under our banners and ensignes, with five ships ... and as many mariners or men as they will have in saide ships, upon their own proper costes and charges, to seeke out, discover, and finde, whatsoever iles, countreyes, regions or provinces of the heathen and infidelles, whatsoever they bee, and in what part o...
Whether it was a day of huge discovery or a day of dark doom, Christopher Columbus set out from Spain on August 3, 1492 (Microsoft Encarta). With him he had high hopes, great expectations, a dream, a highly moraled crew, and three Spanish caravel ships. The Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. At that time the crew and Columbus had strong intentions of reaching what they thought was the East Indies (Burdette 26). However, the crews were a week and a half out from Spain. They were sure they were near land. It could have been just a see bird or the weeds growing on the Sargasso Sea. A prime example that the rest of the crew or Columbus himself had not had any exact information such as maps about the sea. Following the trade winds they had followed, they were being lead to N. America
The age of exploration, discovery and expansion between 1500th thru 1600th had people eager to traverse the world and find new adventures. The Spanish and British motivation for exploration into the New World were similar; both were seeking wealth, wanted to discover new trade routes, and identify locations for settlement (Troolin). Although, both countries had similar motives each had specific agendas that would later influence North, South and Central Americas future.
Christopher Columbus was conceived in 1451 at Genoa. Genoa was a seaport that was on the Ligurian ocean. His name was Cristoforo Colombo and that was converted into English as Christopher Columbus. Christopher Columbus had two siblings, which he was more established than both. Christopher Columbus had small tutoring quite recently like the majority of the general population amid that age. Genoa was a bustling seaport and Christopher Columbus gained much from the mariners. Christopher Columbus' dad was a poor weaver. Christopher Columbus worked with his dad for some time, yet his heart was determined to cruising. ("Christopher Columbus." The book of information, 2000.)
The Catholic kings gave Columbus an annual allowance of 12,000 Maravedis and after that in 1489, they equipped to him a letter ordering all cities and towns under their domain saving him food and accommodation in no cost. Nevertheless, to save Columbus ideas from taking elsewhere, and perhaps to keep their chances open.
Born in Padua, Palladio trained as a stonemason moving to Vicenza in 1524 to continue his training. Giangiorgio Trissino (1478-1550), his patron, introduced him to classical and humanist studies and took him on his first trip to Rome – where he later spent two years studying. His architectural development was deeply influenced by this direct study of Roman antiquity.
During the Age of Exploration, countries of Spain and England were rivalries. Spain, after Columbus made his discoveries, went on to explore and colonize lands in Mexico and Peru. With the riches that it obtained, Spain overwhelmed England with its powerful navy, but failed to do so because of the strong will and nationalism of the English explorers. Sir Walter Raleigh was among these brave men and soon became a distinguished member of the English society. He was favored by Queen Elizabeth but was still not satisfied with his glamorous life. Raleigh had wanted to achieve glory for England so that its superiority would exceed that of Spain’s.
Drake made several voyages to the Caribbean with English seaman John Hawkins in the 1560’s, which were the early years of Drake’s career. They were not privateering voyages, but attempts to smuggle Spanish goods into the colonies. On the third voyage Hawkins’ fleet of six ships, one commanded by Sir Francis Drake, were driven into the Gulf of Mexico by a hurricane. The ships were led into the Vera Cruz port and demanded supplies. The Spanish however had a different plan of assaulting and killing many men and destroying four ships. Drake and Hawkins returned to England safely but, this incident led to Drake’s desire for revenge on the Spaniards.