Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Essay on radioactive waste disposal
Essay on radioactive waste disposal
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Essay on radioactive waste disposal
What if there was a way to clean up radioactive waste spills? To clean it out of waters for safe consumption? For years and years people have seen the ways that bacteria can clean up oil spills and nuclear waste, and where baffled on how they did so. How did something so small, clean up a mess so big? Gemma Reguera and her team at Michigan State have solved the age long question. They have decided that bacteria do so by a hair like pili. The pili acts much like a conductive wire, by transferring electrons. Geobacter Sulfurreduncen is one of the many bacteria that do so. The energy conducted by the pili, in turn powers the bacteria. Geobacter, for short, is able to both isolate and, in a sense, kill off uranium in contaminated ground water. So my question is, how effective would it be to clean out mass amount of uranium? First I had to learn about Geobacter and the types of waste created.
Geobacter, as in the overall species, has the ability to transfer electrons. They also as well y get energy from organic material and biomass. They are a key part to bioredemption in destroyed habitats. When the first strain of Geobacter was discovered, the original scientist did not know how helpful it really was. Since it was first discovered in 1987, there was not a lot to explain how it work. The first strain was called Geobacter Metallireducens, and it got energy from iron oxide, in other words rust. Geobacter Sulfurreduncen on the other hand gets energy from petroleum contaminates and uranium. Geobacter Sulfurreduncen, in a sense, eats up the petroleum and turns it into carbon dioxide. Thus killing off the petroleum contaminates and uranium completely. So if the petroleum contaminates and uranium where located in a body of fresh water, that...
... middle of paper ...
...in with an advance nanowire production. The modified version help improve the bacteria’s ability to isolate uranium proportionally. With the increased ability of isolating the uranium the bacteria was able to clear the uranium out much faster. With the increased nanowires it was also protected even more so. Reguera has patents allowing her to build on her research. Possibly leading to developments in microbial fuel cells.
So in overview Geobacter Sulfurreduncen is a bacteria with the ability to clean out petroleum contaminates and uranium from ground water, soil, and nuclear waste. Given enough time it can also clean out mass amounts of radioactivity from low to high level waste. The time itself depends on the level of waste. With a bacteria like this in the world, humanity has a better chance of surviving. Contaminated ground water can now be a thing of the past.
The corporation hired hundreds of women having no trouble finding employees, being one of the few companies at the time to hire women. Business was surging with the defense contract obtained by filling the demand during World War I by making equipment for soldiers luminescent, enabling reading at night. The company even marketed other items for general consumers, including doll eyes, light switches, house numbers and kits for fun glow in the dark paint. The consensus of the time was that radium had magical healing properties, said to cure practically everything.... ...
One of the most talked about opposition toward nuclear fission is the radioactive waste it produces. A radioactive waste is what is left behind after using a reactor to make electricity. There are two levels of waste, low and high, but both are regulated by the Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. High level waste is made up of fuel that’s been used directly in the reactor that is highly radioactive but can still be disposed. Low level waste is the contaminated items that have been exposed to radiation. The nuclear wastes are then stored in a safe and secure location with different types of methods such as wet storage, dry storage, and away from reactor storage. Wet storage is the main method of disposing the waste because it is the
...rogen In Wastewater To Protect A Region's Waterways." BioCycle 44 (2003): 18. BigChalk. 20 Oct. 2005.
The Crucible – It can withstand extreme conditions. While heating metals in it, the impurities come up to the surface and the pure substance can be obtained. It basically helps in separating pure and impure substances.
In addition to the potential dangers of accidents in generating stations, nuclear waste is a continuing problem that is growing exponentially. Nuclear waste can remain radioactive for about 600 years and disposing these wastes or storing them is an immense problem. Everyone wants the energy generated by power plants, but no one wants to take responsibility for the waste. Thus far, it is stored deep in the earth, but these storage areas are potentially dangerous and will eventually run out. Some have suggested sending the waste into space, but no one is sure of the repercussions.
Uranium has multiple isotopes, the most common isotope is uranium-238, and with uranium-235 being the most popular, but less abundant. Surprisingly, uranium is not necessary for the sustainability of life, and is not chemically toxic (Cox, ...
Mr. Cronstedt discovered nickel in a mineral called niccolite. He originally planned to extract copper from this new mineral but got none at all. This is why nickel, at first, was called "false copper". Instead, Cronstedt got a silvery-white metal, which was eventually used for other things.
Uranium, a radioactive element, was first mined in the western United States in 1871 by Dr. Richard Pierce, who shipped 200 pounds of pitchblende to London from the Central City Mining District. This element is sorta boring but I found something interesting, they used it to make an an atomic bomb in the Cold War. In 1898 Pierre and Marie Curie and G. Bemont isolated the "miracle element" radium from pitchblende. That same year, uranium, vanadium and radium were found to exist in carnotite, a mineral containing colorful red and yellow ores that had been used as body paint by early Navajo and Ute Indians on the Colorado Plateau. The discovery triggered a small prospecting boom in southeastern Utah, and radium mines in Grand and San Juan counties became a major source of ore for the Curies. It was not the Curies but a British team working in Canada which was the first to understand that the presence of polonium and radium in pitchblende was not due to simple geological and mineral reasons, but that these elements were directly linked to uranium by a process of natural radioactive transmutation. The theory of radioactive transformation of elements was brilliantly enlarge in1901 by the New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford and the English chemist Frederick Soddy at McGill University in Montreal. At dusk on the evening of November 8, 1895, Wilhelm Rontgen, professor of physics at the University of Wurzburg in Germany, noticed a cathode tube that a sheet of paper come distance away. He put his hand between the tube and the paper, he saw the image of the bones in his hand on the paper.
Isolation of a Urea Degrading Bacteria Introduction Urea was the first organic chemical to be synthetically produced1, previously it was thought that only living creatures could produce organic compounds Urea is naturally produced by the kidneys as waste from the degradation of amino acids. It is because of this that urea is commonly found in soils and is a useful nutrient source for bacteria that are able to utilise it, such as, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumonia, all species of Proteus and Micrococcus luteus. These bacteria degrade urea in a reaction catalysed by the urease enzyme, CO(NH2)2 + H2O àCO2 + 2NH3. this process benefits the bacteria in several ways.
The problem is that the process to remove the gallium contributes to a huge amount of pollution of water with radioactive substances. Gallium is an ideal element to use in the bomb pits, but pollution is harmful to the earth and to the health of its people. Even if efforts were taken to remove the pollution from the water, it would considerably increase the costs of the procedure of turning plutonium into a fuel by about 200 million dollars. Scientists are working on another way to clean the plutonium, but it could take centuries to be completed.
When the water comes into contact with the pyrite, the chemical reactions that take place causes the water to increase in pH which will dissolve heavy metals which stay in solution. However, when the pH levels reach a certain stage, the iron can then precipitate out, coating sediments with the characteristic yellow, red or orange colourings (D.E.P. 2, 2002; U.S.G.S.; U.S.E.P.A., 2002). The rate that A.M.D. advances is also influenced by the presence of certain bacteria (Doyle; U.S.G.S). A.M.D that has dissolved heavy metals such as copper, lead and mercury can contaminate ground and surface water. Especially at risk are mines that are located above the water table (Keller, 2000; D.E.P. 2, 2002). The sources of water that get polluted can be surface water that permeates into the mine, shallow ground water flowing through the mine or any water that comes into contact with the waste tailings produced by mines.
The use of nuclear energy has increased in the United States since 1973. Nuclear energy's share of U.S. electricity generation has grown from 4 percent in 1973 to 19 percent in 1998. This is excellent news for the environment. Nuclear energy and hydropower are the cleanest large-scale means of electricity production. Since nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, they emit no combustion byproducts—like carbon dioxide—into the atmosphere (www.nei.org). Nuclear power can come from the fission of Uranium, plutonium or thorium or the fusion of hydrogen into helium. Today uranium (U-235 and U-238) is most commonly used in the production of nuclear energy. The expa...
These bacteria are the only organisms ever found that can exist solely off of the electrical energy given off by electrons; they have no need for oxygen or carbohydrates, which are requirements for all other life on Earth. In normal metabolism, electrons are taken from an energy source, normally some kind of carbohydrate, and release spent electrons to an acceptor, usually oxygen. However, these bacteria simply take electron from the environment and release them to surrounding rocks. The discovery of this unique form of life supports the idea that life can exist on planets formerly thought to be uninhabitable.
Surface mining can lead to the drastic changes of landscapes, destruction of habitat, damages to water supplies, and air pollution. Also the loss or degradation of forest further degrades groundwater because coal seams are often serve as underground aquifers, removal of coal beds may result in drastic changes in hydrology after mining has been completed. Moreover, surface mining causes green house gas emission since mountaintop removal releases large amounts of carbon through clear cutting and burning of trees. Beside, liquid coal known as sludge is generated by washing coal. It is typically disposed of at impoundments located near coal mines, but in some cases it is directly injected into abandoned underground mines. Since coal sludge contains toxins, leaks or spills can endanger underground and surface waters. The coal mining activities have exposed rocks containing the sulphur-bearing mineral pyrite. Pyrite reacts with air and water to form sulphuric acid and dissolved iron, and as water washes through mines, this compound forms a dilute acid, which can wash into nearby rivers and streams called Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). The transportation of coal is another issue because coal is often transported via trucks, railroads, and large cargo ships, which release air pollution such as soot and can lead to disasters that ruin the environment. (Environmental Impacts of
...croorganisms present in wastewater as the anodic solution obtained from different sources made me to understand that microbes present in domestic as well as industrial waste can even be proved beneficial if they are tapped for electricity generation. Such results were based on the preliminary experiments which need further research in the field . I did it on laboratory level and at the end could generate enough electrical energy to light a bulb or to run a calculator for a few hours to a day.