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Recommended: Genogram analysis
Genotypes: Identifying Predispositions for Genetic Illnesses & Diseases
Lois N. Maynard
PY218, Susan Baisden/SWVCTC
Research Project #1
Abstract
A genogram is a type of family tree, but with more detailed information. It is used as a diagnostic tool by physicians or counselors to learn a patient’s and their family history to help in the establishment of a diagnosis and treatment plan. They allow the individual to see some hereditary patterns and psychological factors that could be genetically predisposed to. Also, they can be used to identify patterns of behaviors, life choices, and hereditary tendencies. A genogram not only will identify the names of people that belong to the person's family, it can also show the emotional and social
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The main use is to evaluate disease risk, identify repetitive patterns of behavior.
Genograms gain popularity
In 1985 through the publication of a book Genograms: Assessments and Interventions (1985), by Monica McGoldrick and Randy Gerson the term was rapidly popularized in clinical settings. The use of genogram has been used by various professional field such as education, medicine, psychiatry, psychology, genetics and many more.
Uses of genograms.
Genograms have been used to incorporate observations about medical history and major traits of each member of the family. Genograms have been also used as tools to uncover repetitive behaviors, family conflicts and alliances, marriages, family secrets, careers, and any other information that can be used to benefit the patient and their family.
Counseling.
Family genograms are usually used in family counseling, it helps explain the influences and trends that changes over time and across generations. Genograms can be developed mostly to document a range of family dynamics. They also could be designed with a larger focus on the influence of family on an individual's life
If I were to look at my family through the lenses of Bowen’s family system theory mentioned in The Genogram Journey: Reconnecting with your Family by Monica McGoldrick, most of the time we would not follow the listed “norms.” Mike is the oldest and Bowen suggests that he should be serious, the leader, and ambitious. Mike is none of these attributes. Mike is the smartest of the siblings. On the science portion of the ACT, he made a 32. The quality Mike is missing tends to fall towards self-motivation. He has worked in multiple fast food careers but ends up quitting when the job gets difficult. His mother, Christine, tends to bend to his every need while our father does not talk to him about adult responsibilities.
The therapist in The Legacy of Unresolved Loss used active interventions to help this family, and let them determine what their problems are instead of diagnosing the issue first off. The therapist first tried to place the issues in a broader context that include, extended family, community, gender, class and cultural background. (Mcgoldrick, The Legacy of Unresolved Loss) The therapist believes that “we are connected to all who came before and to all who will come after” (Mcgoldrick, The Legacy of Unresolved Loss). The therapist found out the majority of this information after she constructed a genogram during the first session of therapy. The genogram helped to support the individuals and their backgrounds, but it also was a useful tool
Kozak, B., Strelau, J., & Miles, J. V. (2005). Genetic determinants of individual differences in
Advantages of genetic testing may be helpful in determining whether or not you have a disease or are proba...
LG stated that her family stays well educated regarding their health and family history and if they have any questions about the genetic problems in the family, they will typically research the internet and follow up with their general practitioner. LG, her siblings, and their mother are in good health and are not dealing with major medical matters at this time. Interventions for this family should be tailored to help them keep up on current information about heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, which are the main medical issues in their family medical history, and having a plan that ensures they continue getting regular health checkups. In conclusion, it is important for nurses to have proper training and information in the area of genetics and genomics so that it can be used in daily clinical practice (Thompson & Brooks, 2011). Using this information with clients and conducting a detailed genetic nursing assessment is a valuable component of being an effective health care provider and can help clients recognize, prevent, and/or treat diseases that are unique to their particular family.
Sexual reproduction is that the union of male and feminine gametes to create a fertilised egg or zygote. The ensuing offspring inherit one-half their traits from every parent. Consequently, they 're not genetically similar to either parent or siblings, except within the case of identical twins. As theorised by Mendel, adults are diploid, meaning as 2N, having 2 alleles offered to code for one attribute. The gametes should be haploid, signified by N, containing just one allele in order that once 2 haploid gametes mix, they manufacture a traditional diploid individual. The method where haploid sex cells are created from diploid parents is known as meiosis, and it happens solely within the reproductive organs.
A genetic family history assessment contains information about family structure and relationships. A typical nurse will use a three-generation family pedigree to gather the information. By doing so, nurses can be aware of which family members are at risk for disorders from a genetic component. Therefore, they can be provided with lifestyle advice, recommendations, and referrals to appropriate specialists (Kaakinen, Coehlo, Steele, Tabacco & Hanson, 2015). A genetic family history assessment will be provided about my family.
Interview & Reflection I have interviewed my Father through email over a week period, he was very helpful to me and even knew the answers to the questions I had on my Mother side of the family. I felt he was the best to interview as he is one of the smartest people I know. Of course I talked to him in our native language (Arabic) even though his English was perfect, but I wanted him to feel more comfortable when answering, so I translated everything to English. Below is a list of the questions I asked him and his replies: (Answers are bolded). The first question I have is, why is it that I feel that our family is much bigger than the regular western family?
The desire to have a "normal" child is held by every parent and only now are we beginning to have the ability to select for that child. In preparation to receiving genetic testing, the parents are required to meet with a genetic counselor. A detailed description of the testing methods are reviewed with the couple as well as the risks which are involved with each. Upon an understanding of the procedures, the counselor discusses the many possible outcomes which could be the result of the diagnosis. Finally, before any tests are performed, anxieties from either of the parents are addressed as well as the psychological well-being of the parents.
The "Genetic Screening" Genetic Screening. NDSU,. Web. The Web. The Web.
Before doing genetic screening, people must gain understanding about what they will going to do and consult about all of the important things with the experts. Furthermore, people should have be more open to other people. Discrimination has to be eliminated so people can take care of each other and loving each other. The research of genetic
Figure 1 shows the family genogram. S.S. has one sister, with both grandparents deceased on his paternal side, and one grandparent deceased on his maternal side. S.S.’s parents are both living. He has two paternal aunts, five maternal aunts, and one maternal uncle. The squares gray represent by Males and the gray circles represent Females. The blue square represents S. S. and the white circle represents his spouse, K. S.. The red lines represent people that are deceased. Yellow boxes represent family members that were adopted.
According to Monica McGoldrick, “A genogram should always be part of a more general process of joining, assessing and helping a family (McGoldrick, 1999).” Although I feel it really should depend of the presenting issues of the family, there is a great deal of merit to its use. Genograms allow for the “Tracking [of] critical events and changes on family functioning allows us to notice anniversary reactions,” or most importantly in Jared’s case “systemic connected between seeming coincidences…its resources and vulnerability to future stresses…” (McGoldrick, 1999). Simply making mental notes while Jared’s aunt was speaking, and eventually putting those notes to paper, both Kassi, his intake counselor and I, realized the issues surrounding Jared’s unbecoming behavior began five years ago. Five years ago can be interpreted as time full of change, difficult change, for Jared. It was around this time that his aunt had moved into the household and the torch that symbolized his parenting moved from his grandmother to his aunt. His aunt moved in because not only was her father sick, but her mother could no longer take care of her husband because she also became sick. She was
Most people believe that biological factors play a huge role in members of a family becoming ill. We often think that our genetic makeup will ultimately lead our health down the same paths as earlier members of our families that have suffered from illnesses. While this concept may appear to be rather common, genetic factors show likelihood that the possibility is there, but not a certitude. In some cases of cardiovascular problems or cancer, having the genes create predispositions or proneness to a specific type of action; however, to say it would be without a doubt would be a fallacy.
Lessons learned from my genogram Some of the things that I have learned from my genogram are that you do not want to do this for kicks and giggles. You want to have a purpose to find out about your ancestors. I also noticed that I had family that lost children when they were young and also as a young adult.