Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Gender equality in business
Women in leadership roles
Women in leadership roles
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Gender equality in business
The gender gap in representation of top management positions is a controversial, historic, social, and economic topic. A gender gap is defined as a discrepancy in opportunities, status, and attitudes between men and women. In the present day, there are persistent questions on whether the gender gap exists in top management positions of corporate organizations. This research paper is arguing that a gender gap does exist within these top management positions. Firstly, women are continuously facing barriers that prevent them from reaching the top of corporate hierarchy. Secondly, there is a persistent disparity in wage compared to men and women in the upper echelons of corporations. Finally, a social attribute of discriminating women, excludes …show more content…
The discrimination occurs by in-group bias, androcentric values, and stereotypes, which affect a women’s ability on advancing in their corporate organization. In-group bias is a pattern of favoring members of one’s “in-group” over an “out-group” of members. This can be seen in corporate management when “current leaders promote subordinates who they perceive to be like them” (Foster, 2017), often male leaders will promote fellow male associates (Foster, 2017). With this notion, women are often kept out of the informal networks of mentorship (Foster, 2017), inhibiting their advancement in the organization. Androcentrism is the institutionalized pattern of cultural value that privileges traits associated with masculinity, while devaluing feminine traits (Foster, 2017). These values are recognized in the workplace when there are negative assumptions made about women (Foster, 2017). One example, is the assumption in corporate culture that women are less capable and that their work is less valuable (Foster, 2017). This concept diminishes the worth of the women in the workplace; ultimately obstructing their opportunities and ability to achieve top management positions in their organization. Stereotypical beliefs about a woman’s abilities and interests may also result in fewer opportunities to do high-profile projects in upper management (Foster, 2017). Accordingly, the …show more content…
The persistence of the gender gap has been evaluated through the barriers, wage disparity, and discrimination that women endure in these organizations. In evaluating the barriers that women endure, it is displayed that they are left at a disadvantage compared to men, since they do not have the same learning opportunities, and are unable to progress at the same level. Also, in the assessment of the wage gender gap, unfair treatment towards women has led to their value and worth be questioned, eventually obstructing their ability to advance in their organizations. Finally, the analysis of the discrimination that women face in the workplace, has expressed that women are not given the same opportunities as men, which hinders their ability on rising in corporate hierarchy. The opposing argument to the gender gap focuses on gender bias, and recognizes the underrepresentation of women in upper management positions. The gender gap can begin to close if organizations take the initiative to hire more women and encourage their participation in the workforce. Overall, the gender gap in the representation of top management positions does exist in corporate organizations, however these organizations can make a change and bridge the
This research paper will take a symbolic interactionist perspective to contrast the different leadership prejudices of men and women in the workplace. The age-old debate of inequality for women in executive position will now be examined through online periodicals that show gender stereotypes in the workforce, different strategies men and women use to break the glass ceiling of the workplace, a focus on the interactions and reactions of a male Chief Executive Officer (CEO) versus a female CEO, leadership prejudices among women and women, and various studies regarding leadership of men and women. Because of stereotyping, very little focus is on men within the workplace. However, research shows that male workers face stereotyping as well as women. Therefore, a concentration on this matter will be focused within this paper. The paper concludes that both men and women face stereotypes that hinder, to some extent, their balance of work and family lives. Contrary to some stereotypes, women are proven to have just as powerful executive leadership qualities as men (Hackbarth, 2012).
When President John F. Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act of 1963 into law, he hoped that it would allow working women to finally earn the same amount of money as men; however, more than half a century later, men continue to out earn women in almost every field of work (Lipman para. 4). Male dominated fields tend to pay more than female dominated fields at similar skill levels. In 2012, women earned an average of $691 per week while men earned an average of $854 per week. Furthermore, the majority of women remain unaware that they are earning less than their male colleagues (Hegewisch para. 1). The gender wage gap not only harms a woman’s ability to provide for herself, it also harms many children and families. Women are now the primary caregivers
Also, the majority of women have been able to secure employment from traditionally female occupations such as teaching compared to male-dominated careers like engineering. Moreover, democratic country like the United States of America has recognized gender inequality as a fundamental issue and espouse equal right between men and women in contributing to social, economic and cultural life. Despite this improvement, gender inequality persists as women are not represented and treated equally in the workplace (Michialidis, Morphitou, & Theophylatou, 2012). The increasing number of women in the workplace has not provided equal opportunity for career advancement for females due to the way women are treated in an organization and the society. Also, attaining an executive position seem impossible for women due to the glass ceiling effects which defines the invisible and artificial barrier created by attitudinal and organizational prejudices, which inhibit women from attaining top executive positions (Wirth
Parcheta, N., Kaifi, B., & Khanfar, N. (2013). Gender Inequality in the Workforce: A Human Resource Management Quandary. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 4(3), 240-248.
Women are more than half the work force and are graduating at higher rates then men and continue to earn considerably less then men. There are several contributing factors to the gender wage gap. Women experience gender discrimination in the work force even though it’s been illegal since the Equal Pay Act in 1963. One of the challenges for women is uncovering discrimination. There is a lack of transparency in earnings because employees are either contractually prohibited or it’s strongly discouraged from being discussed. Discrimination also occurs in the restricting of women’s access to jobs with the highest commission payments, or access to lucrative clients.
Sexism is a major factor in the workforce.Today male and female have a hard time breaking into the opposite gender dominated fields. This has happened because of the media, it has showed us that male have certain “right” jobs, as well as female. Female still dominate traditional female professions like cosmetology jobs are 92.9 percent women working them(Wolfe). If a man were to get into cosmetology they would most likely be judged for having that job, because we stereotype that they can't have a feminine job. Women have a harder time getting into high level positions. “Women make up only 21 of the S&P’s 500 CEOs,” (Berman). This has happened because the media has set in place stereotypes that it is wrong for women to have high level positions. It is getting better, in 2013 women chief financial officers increased 35 percent at large U.S. companies from 2012 (Frier and Hymowitz). The job market for men and women is still unfair but it is starting to get equal.
While legislation regarding discrimination based on gender prevents overt discrimination, subtle measures have been found to exist within many organizations which effectively prevent women from moving into the highest levels of management. These include doubtful success criteria, inaccurate perception of women’s aspirations and progress, and cultural biases against working women (Miller 18).
The Glass Ceiling Phenomenon ‘The Glass Ceiling’ is a barrier to prevent women rising to the highest positions in an organization as a result of informal exclusionary practices (cited in Giddens 2002, pg, 552). These practices include sexual harassment, sexual discrimination and pregnancy discrimination. Explanations for the ‘glass ceiling’ phenomena derive from the stereotype of women into traditional roles. Many men still carry the attitude despite living in this modern day and age that women are not capable of higher managerial roles and that their place rightfully belongs at home along with the house-hold chores. There is also the point that many corporate firms think twice before employing women for the top position, in terms of their level of commitment, for it is inevitable that every woman will want to have a child at some point in their life.
Closing the wage gap between men and women is a continuing struggle today in nations all over the world. In many occupations women are paid less overall than their male counterparts. One nation, however, is making strides to bring this disparity in wages into the light. British law will soon require large companies to publish information about the salaries paid to their male and female employees. While this is a great step forward in recognizing the gender pay gap, many women also face many other obstacles to getting equal pay such as the “Mommy Tax” that reporter Ann Crittenden talks about in her piece of the same name (Kirk and Okazawa-Rey 337). Another obstacle for women in the work place that ties into the “Mommy Tax” is how women are generally
For many decades, women have faced inequalities in the workforce. At one point, they were not allowed to work at all. Although women's rights have improved and are now able to work alongside men, they are still treated unfairly. According to the 2012 U.S. Census, women’s earnings were “76.5 percent of men’s” (1). In 2012, men, on average, earned $47,398 and women earned only $35,791. This is when comparing employees where both gender spend the same amount of time working. Not only do women encounter unfairness in work pay, they also face a “glass ceiling” on a promotional basis. This glass ceiling is a “promotion barrier that prevents woman’s upward ability” (2). For example, if a woman is able to enter a job traditionally for men, she will still not receive the same pay or experience the same increase in occupational ability. Gender typing plays a huge role in the workplace. It is the idea that women tend to hold jobs that are low paid with low status. Women are not highly considered in leadership positions because of social construction of gender. Society has given women the role of “caretakers” and sensitive individuals. Therefore, women are not depicted as authoritative figures, which is apparent with the absence of women in leadership roles in companies. Furthermore, sex segregation leads to occupations with either the emphasis of women in a certain job or men in a certain job. In 2009, occupations with the highest proportion of women included “secretary, child care worker, hair dresser, cashier, bookkeeper, etc.” (3). Male workers typically held job positions as construction workers, truck drivers, taxi drivers, etc. (3). Sex segregation represents inequality because the gender composition for these jobs depends on what ...
The gender-specific wage gap is caused by the fact that lesser number of women gets promoted as compared to men in terms of higher levels of management despite the number of years in service to a corporation. For men, the number of years they have worked for a company is highly correlated to the position they get in higher administration (Assmann, 2014).
More specifically, women from minority ethnic and racial groups suffer from greater underrepresentation (Acker 2009:199). Acker states that images of appropriate gendered and racialized bodies influence perceptions of hiring and promoting, and these processes are informed by images of the successful leader (2009:208). This image of the successful leader is stereotypically masculine. Consequently, such stereotyping constitutes a major barrier to women’s entry into top management, and it is often unrecognized. Thus, gendered and racialized stereotyped images contribute and help to perpetuate gender and race typing and segregation of jobs at all levels of class hierarchy (Acker 2009:208). At top management levels, hiring is usually done by corporate boards or by other top managers. Therefore, given the gender and race composition of these top corporate levels, it is not surprising that newly selected leaders tend to have the gender and race characteristic of the decision-makers (Acker
In today’s society, Women perform similar jobs to men. Whether it’s blue or white collar jobs, women are always present and thriving for success balancing a life of business and family. In the job market, some are graduates of the best schools and have interned at the best firms, but are still not compensated as equally as men. Following the recent comments by the CEO of Microsoft concerning women asking for raises and how they should trust the system to install equality, the issue seems to be still present, and women’s work is not rewarded similarly to men’s.
Gender inequality is present in all aspects of human society, from culture, politics, and economic stand point to personal relationships. Gender inequality can be viewed as a major problem especially within the business world (Corporation, 2016). In the past, men are seen as leaders in all aspects. For example, men could work without any criticisms, they could participate in political issues and were given higher education. Women on the other hand, were given no political participation, criticized for working outside the household as they were responsible for chores such as takes care of their children, cooking or cleaning and given limited education compared to men. Although there are claims rights equality of women in 21st century and much has been written about it in the field of business (Player, 2013), but there is still a gap between male and female. This essay aims to explore the impact of gender inequality in business and will analyze the details in terms of the men are given high pay and specific jobs over women.
Topic Paper 1: The Impact of Adolescent Transition on the Gender Gap in Mathematics A few semesters ago, I took a sociology class that focused on education and culminated in a critical summary on a topic of our choosing. I wrote about the influence of society and education on the gender gap in STEM fields. Fortunately, the gap is shrinking but given my new knowledge about the transitional period of adolescence I have more understanding of why the gap existed and why it is shrinking.