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Theories There are many theories that in all different contexts when it comes to crimes. From categories like sociological or psychological or even biological. Below are the theories that I chose for the crimes committed by Gary Leon Ridgeway.
The Control Theories doesn’t focus on why people commit these crimes but why these theories look at the personal, social and or moral controls that a person had that prevents them from committing a crime. A connection to school is an essential component of Control theories. Allows students to have social connection if they are not able to make one outside of school. Ridgway was a poor student with an IQ of 82. He was also dyslexic. His class mates described him as well liked. Even though he was well liked,
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According to reports, Gary’s mother was arrogant and assertive. He had a love hate relationship with his mother described her as domineering and abusive. Neither of these would cultivate a strong family relationship, making this an indicator of deviant behavior. Ridgeway was also married three times. Each of his marriages ended the same way, both partners were unfaithful and had extramarital relationship. Continual cheating on his wives and his wives affairs shows Ridgeways lack of self-control and commitment issues. Lack of respect for women and lack of sexual self-control contributed to his targets being mostly prostitutes.
Social Disorganized Theory pertains to one’s environment inflicting their criminal behavior. The theory states that one’s living conditions and environmental factors bring up the contributing factors to their criminal behavior. Ridgeway lived in a deprived neighborhood. Ridgeways poor childhood and home life is a contributing factor, he reportedly witnessed many violent arguments between his parents. Growing up in a hostile environment as a child is likely to contribute to his criminal
Control Theory focuses on the question, “why do people conform?”. This theory argues that it is easier to satisfy an individual’s needs and wants through crime, but most people still don’t commit illegal acts. The reason for this is because of the restraints placed on people that stop them from breaking the law. But obviously, some people’s restraints exist more than others’. Some people feel freer to engage on crime. There are three major things that stop people from participating in deviant criminal activities: direct control, stake in conformity, and internal control. Jeffrey Dahmer lacked all
Arguably, these theories are the individual vulnerability model and the psychodynamic theory. According to Siegel, the individual vulnerability model postulates that there is “a direct link between traits and crime: some people develop physical or mental conditions at birth, or soon thereafter, that affect their social functioning no matter where they live or how they are raised” (Siegel, 2016). Perhaps the component of this theory which deserves the greatest emphasis is the contention that the matter of environment and how a criminal is raised truly has no bearing on their propensity to actually commit criminal acts. As discussed herein, Ted Bundy’s environment and upbringing is described as perhaps among the best one could expect. Ted Bundy was socialized to embrace Christian values (and it should be noted biblical principles are completely adverse to murder, one of the ten commandments being “thou shalt not kill”), had parents which were more than decent, and had many friends all of which behaved in a socially acceptable manner. Further, to reiterate, Ted Bundy was seen as a “well-rounded” or “normal” individual, no one had even the slightest clue he could be capable of such deviance. Despite the fact he claims the influence of media violence was in fact the cause behind his
Harold Shipman is known as one of Britain’s worst serial killers. Over twenty-five years it is suspected he killed 251 individuals while working as a medical doctor (“Harold Shipman”, n.d., para 1). Shipman had been injecting fatal amounts of poison into their bodies (para. 1). Shipman’s actions and why he acted in this manner can be explained from the sociological perspective and psychological perspective. The sociological perspective examines factors including social setting, level of education and positive or negative role models in a person’s life (Pozzulo, Bennell & Forth, 2015, p.338-341). The psychological perspective examines colorations between an individual’s mental process, their behaviour, their learning process and traits an individual
Varying theories such as rational choice theory, trait theory, and social structure theory are commonly used to explain why crime happens. Application of these three theories in discussing the crimes of Richard Speck can help us to better understand which of the theories may apply and perhaps help give us insight into why he committed his crimes. But they are more beneficial when not looking at a single specific crime, but the person and all the crimes they may have committed throughout their criminal careers.
As Laub and Sampson (2003) analyze crime over the life course, they highlight Terrie Moffitt’s theory and discuss the limitations of her developmental explanation. In Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy, she acknowledges two categories of offenders...
...ifferent crime patterns and thought processes of criminals. The reasons can only come from these theories and will help the justice systems become more prepared to react towards different crimes. However, with adding some enhancements, projects and experiments these two theories have the potential to change the criminology realm forever.
In conclusion, both strain/anomie and social disorganization theories are both very important theories in explaining the causation of crime and deviance. Many theorists today often rely heavily on these theories. As crime and society continue to change, these theories will continue to provide a solid foundation for future theories created.
Theorists believe that Shaw and McKay were biased when they wrote their conclusion on the lower-class neighborhood. This in turn resulted in other critics questioning if the demographics such as socio-economic, the setting of the communities and the population that composed the communities were indicators of social disorganization or if social theorists constitute their reasoning based on their own beliefs. According to Kurbin (2010), Criminologist Edwin Sutherland preferred to call Shaw and McKay’s social disorganization theory the differential social organization because of his belief that “the organization of the delinquent group, which is often very complex, is social disorganization only from an ethical or some other particularistic point of view.” This may be interpreted as him stating that a social group, such as a delinquent one, is only perceived as “disorganized” based on personal biases. According to Sutherland, some urban neighborhoods are not disorganized but organized based on the daily needs of the unique community. For example, if an outsider born and raised in a community with different set of values looks into a community with another perspective on how to function in a social environment, the outsider may think that they are wrong and ridiculous for living in such a matter. The outsider
... middle of paper ... ... Understanding psychological theories helps criminologists to design appropriate correctional strategies to mitigate crime. Works Cited Eysenck, H.J., & Gudjonsson, G.H. d. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a The causes and cures of criminality.
An integrated theory is a combination of 2 or 3 theories that offers many explanations on why crime is occurring, compared to a traditional criminal theory that just focus on one type of aspect (Lilly et al.2010). The purpose of integrated theories is to help explain many aspects into what causes criminal behavior and why one becomes delinquent. From this an argument arises can integrated theories be used to explain all criminal behavior. Integrated theories are successful in explaining certain aspects of crime on what causes one to become deviant; however one theory alone cannot explain why an individual engages in crime. This paper will examine three integrated theories and look in-depth how these theories can explain different aspects on why criminal behavior occurs and the weakness of each theory. The three integrated theories that will be discussed in this paper are Cloward and Ohlin Differential Opportunity theory, Robert Agnew General Strain theory, and lastly Travis Hirschi’s Social Bond theory.
What are theories of crime? Why are they important? In this paper, will discuss two crime theories. Social learning theory and the labeling theory. We will compare both crime theories. It will also explain how these theories are related to specific crimes. The two theories discussed will also explain the policy implications. Finally, we will address what types of programs can be created to mitigate specific crimes related to the causation theories.
Sociologist utilizes several perspectives to explain individual motivations of deviance with an emphasis on biological, psychiatric, psychoanalytic, and psychological terms. The emergence of these ideals temporarily displaced social disorganization theory, which stresses a rapidly changing environment as the cause of deviant behavior. Social pathology seeks to explain deviance by evaluating conditions or circumstances, uniquely, affecting the individual. Sociological theories recognize the existense of social conditions that produce deviant behavior and how society identifies it.
This theory has roots from the classical theory which was developed by the Italian social thinker Cesare Beccaria. His approach to utilitarian powerfully influenced the criminal justice system and was extremely enfulencual and accepted in the United States and throughout Europe. Throughout the 1960s Nobel prize-winner Gary Becker along with the political scientist James Q. Wilson who wrote Thinking About Crime helped evolve the classical theory into a more modern theory based on the intelligent though process and criminal decision making. Which in the end formed what we know today as the rational choice theory Of course this theory is based upon “the view that crime is a function of a decision-making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal act” (Siegel, 2001). But also with this theory personal factors were figured into his actions such as thrills and just the sere entertainment of raping and killing these women. Ridgeway clearly seen both sides of his choices, from being a suspect in the beginning then dropped as one then years later, returning to be the Green River killer convicted of the 48 murders. Also something else that is measured before the act is committed is the target availability and of course during this time in Seattle was ruff. From what Battistoni says “‘the most rampant juvenile prostitution in the country,’ during the 80s according to the National Association for Missing and Exploited Children” also according to the Seattle Police department “reported more than 2,000 prostitution arrests in a single year, an all-time record” which shows the availability of the girls. From the begging to the end of the Green River Killers spree, which strung over decades, he had plenty of girls that were desperate but the key factor in which no one would be looking for them for a while (Battistoni). So from this high era of
Psychological theories of criminal behavior emphasize criminal thinking patterns or personality defects. These theories emphasize individual differences in behavior and the approaches to thinking, feeling, and decision-making that make some people predisposed to committing criminal acts.
Walsh, A.W., (2006). Ch. 7: Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits And Criminal Behavior. (p. 174-179). Retrieved from: