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Effects of the Renaissance period
The renaissance and its impact on society
The renaissance and its impact on society
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Afro-Eurasia in 1300 CE to 1500 CE saw much death but also rebirth. The black plague decimated the population, killing nearly two-thirds of the people in Europe in the middle of the 14th century, and leading most to believe God’s wrath was the cause. This struck panic throughout the population which led to different radical groups, causing the church to struggle to regain power. Eventually, the church began persecuting heretics and selling indulgences as it worked to reconstruct the divided religion (Textbook 423). Soon after, began the renaissance, which was a political and cultural revival that stimulated the pursuit of knowledge in Europe. One of this time’s great thinkers was Galileo Galilei, a scholar who confirmed the theory that the …show more content…
He concludes in his letter that literally interpreting the Bible does not make science any less valid. Instead, Galileo writes that although the Bible cannot be verified by science, he believes that “God, who gave us sense, reason, and intellect, should [not] have wished upon us to postpone using these gifts…nor that he should want us to deny the sense and reason when sensory experience and logical demonstration have revealed something to our eyes and minds” (Source). The church at this time, however, was the authority for science and later denied Galileo’s work. This letter makes it clear that essentially whatever the church said, even if it’s out of context, passed as truth to accommodate everyone’s understanding. Galileo thinks that one should read the Bible with some scrutiny, that the words of the Bible can be bent and interpreted differently, but the laws of nature are unchanging. He believes that sensory experience and logic can trump the Bible’s word because not every scripture is connected to conditions like the laws of nature are (Source). Galileo was a devout Catholic, so he was not trying to denounce the church, he was just trying to further improve science. Religion easily created a monopoly over science during this time because of a lack of education for some, and through the sheer authority it had as well. Scientists, and many others, were persecuted for
Galileo had heard about the theories that the previous scientists had stated. Galileo wanted to see if what they were saying was accurate. To prove the heliocentric theory he invented the telescope in the year 1609 that help to confirm that it was in fact the heliocentric model instead of what everyone believed which was the geocentric model. Galileo started to share his discoveries to the public, but stopped after the Church told him not to share the information. (Doc ) However, the timeline indicates that Galileo waited seventeen years before sharing the information again publicly, so he actually obeyed the Church’s request for a very long time. Galileo was a devoted Catholic and strongly believed in the words of the Bible. In a letter written in 1615 written by Galileo to the duchess of Tuscany Galileo he stated how the Bible can sometime be misunderstood,“ But [he] believe that nobody will deny that the Bible is often very complex, and may say things which are quite different from what its bare words signify…”(document A). Galileo wanted to convince the Duchess that perhaps the evidence he gathered could be used to interpret the sun’s placement as the Bible was difficult to understand at times. The fact that Galileo was so religious validated his reliability, because he would have favored the Bible over his theory. He only argued about this one concept from the Bible and he had physical evidence and support from other scientists to prove his
During the Scientific Revolution, the struggle between faith and reason was exhibited through Galileo and his discoveries. The Catholic Church during the time period of the Scientific Revolution did not approve of any outside scientists who came up with new theories and observations. The Church believed that all information about how the world worked was in the bible and that was the only right source. In an excerpt from “What is Scientific Authority?” written by Galileo in 1615, it states, “Showing a greater fondness for their [Catholic Church’s] own opinions than for truth, they sought to deny & disprove the new things which, if they had cared to look for themselves, their own senses would have demonstrated to them…” Galileo Galilei himself knew that the Church was not willing to approve of new ideas from other scientists, but only from the teachings in the Bible. Later on in the excerpt, Galileo writes, “They [Catholic Church] hurled various charges &…made the grave mistake of sprinkling these with passages taken from places in the Bible which they had failed to understand properl...
"The Black Death." World Eras. Ed. Norman J. Wilson. Vol. 1: European Renaissance and Reformation, 1350-1600. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. 435-438. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 26 Mar. 2014.
In his Letter to The Grand Duchess Christina, Galileo challenged the widely accepted religious beliefs of the time, claiming that the conflict lies in their interpretation, not the context. In Galileo’s eyes science was an extremely useful tool that could and should have been used in interpreting the Scriptures. He argued that “the intention of the Holy Ghost is to teach us how one goes to heaven not how heaven goes” (Grand Duchess). The purpose of science was not to counter what the bible teaches; rather its purpose was to help explain the teachings of the scriptures. Furthermore, it was “prudent to affirm that the holy Bible can never speak untruth-whenever its true meaning is understood” (Grand Duchess). However, because of the terminology in which the bible was presented the perception of what the Scripture defined as truth was skewed. The Bible was written so that the common man could understand it and follow its commandments. The people also showed a greater inte...
The Black Death was God’s blessing from Muslims’ point of view, but from the perspective of Europeans, the plague was said to be a punishment from Him. Empires of Islam saw this deadly illness as a gift from God. Muhammad al-Manbiji, an Islamic scholar, believed praying to extinguish the plague was unnecessary due to the belief it was a gift from God (Document 4). Although Muslims were aware the Black Death was a deadly plague which greatly decreased the population (Documents 2, 3), they responded peacefully. Rather than looking at the plague as life-threatening, Muslims viewed the disease as a blessing sent from God. Europeans viewed the Black Death as a punishment for the sins of all Christians. Gabriele de Mussis, a Christian Piacenzan chronicler, implied that the plague appeared due to the sins of Christians (Document 4). Christians blamed themselves and believed they were deserving of the plague. This made Europeans seem like they were the ones responsible for the entire plague itself. The Empires of Islam and the Europea...
The continent was divided linguistically, politically and economically. Just like the other two worlds, they also practiced gender division of labor. However, this was the only region in which women played and almost entirely submissive role; men dominated in every aspect, from society to religion to politics. In the beginning of the fifteenth century, the Europeans were slowly recovering from Black Death which has affected them in the fourteenth century killing a third of the population. The leaders took the chaos form Black Death as an advantage to consolidate power. Along with this political revolution, technological and economic changes helped shaped the societies. European explorers and colonizers, especially Roman Catholics, sought to spread Christianity and this was used as a motive to increase the nation’s wealth through the establishment of direct trade with the other worlds (Africa and America). Sailors gained knowledge of navigation, wind and currents by first sailing in the Mediterranean Atlantic. The knowledge acquired helped them establish plantation economies and beneficial trading post in West Africa. They learnt that they could successfully transplant crops and livestock in new
Galileo’s contributions to the science of Physics and Astronomy were many. His conviction was legendary. His willingness to suffer for his beliefs exemplify true courage in the name of truth, and has inspired others to venture intellectual independence from the Church‘s creeds, edicts, and proclamations. Perhaps these contributions led to the call for an investigation into Galileo's conviction, eventually calling for its reversal, in 1979 by Pope John Paul II. But regardless of his standing in the annals of the Catholic church he will always be the man who began the separation of science and religion.
Christians and Muslims were indeed vastly different in their reactions to the Black Death, backed up by many facts given throughout this paper. Hopefully the reader finds it fascinating that religion in this time period made all of the conclusions instead of fact based science which is used today, but nonetheless most importantly realizes that the Black Death failed in its attempt to take out the human
The destruction and devastation caused by the 'Black Death' of the Middle Ages was a phenomenon left to wonder at in text books of historical Europe. An unstoppable plague swept the continent taking as much as eighty percent of the European population along with it (Forsyth).
...cided to condemn Galileo’s work. While it does not discredit God’s power or the Bible, the overall tone of the scientist’s letter is quite sarcastic towards the clergy. While defending his first argument, Galileo appears to undermine the intellectual capabilities of his opponents. He implies that those who interpret the Holy Writ word for word belong to the “common people” whom he describes as “rude and unlearned”, and that other “wise expositors” should be the ones who search for the true meaning of the Bible. Galileo makes a similar implication while presenting his second argument, when he writes that the purpose of the Holy Scriptures is “infinitely beyond the comprehension of the common people”. The Catholic Church likely viewed these claims as an attempt to weaken its authority, which would explain why Galileo’s discoveries were condemned for nearly 300 years.
Galileo's objections to using the bible where very clear. He objected to using the bible as a source of knowledge of physical things because it would not always speak the truth on the surface. He feels that the truth and meaning lie underneath what is actually written down on the page. He believes we must use our senses God gave us to find the truth in the bible. He thinks the bible leads us to the abandonment of reason and our senses.
The Black Death and subsequent medieval plagues devastated Islamic societies. The Muslim world was hit harder more than most European societies due to the recurrence of plague epidemics in the Islamic world up until the 19th century. This continual resurgence of deadly disease triggered a collapse in Muslim societies that was never truly recovered from. The resulting economic and social changes debatably assisted Europe in surpassing the Islamic world's previous superiority in many subjects.
he world has been changed economically, religiously and population wise. Will Death finish the job next time? Works Cited http://www.humanities360.com/index.php/causes-and-effects-of-the-black-death-in-europe-4-52545/ http://www.customessaymeister.com/customessays/History%3A%20European/3575.htm http://essayinfo.com/sample/essay/426/ http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/black_death_of_1348_to_1350.htm http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/plague/effects/social.php http://www.livescience.com/2497-black-death-changed-world.html http://dlb.sa.edu.au/gihsmoodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=25313 http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/gcse/medicine/blackdeath.htm#.UnrUTflplps http://historymedren.about.com/od/theblackdeath/p/blackdeath.htm http://geography.about.com/od/culturalgeography/a/Impacts-Of-The-Black-Death.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxFdfouZvZ0
To speak out against the Church in this time was strictly taboo. If one spoke against the Church, it was considered heresy, which is exactly what happened to Galileo. Galileo invented the telescope and began studying the heavens above and noticed changes within the stars and planets. He observed that the "stars" that surrounded Jupiter moved. He came to the conclusion through rational thinking that Copernicus' heliocentric theory was correct.
One of the very first points that Galileo brings up in his letter is that it would be “very prudent” to assume “that the Holy Scripture can never lie or err, and that its declarations are absolutely and inviolably true”. There is no room for error and contradiction, “nature is inexorable and immutable, and she does not care at all whether or not her recondite reasons and modes of operations are revealed to human understanding, and so she never transgresses the terms of the laws imposed on her;” Because of this low tolerance we know that its rules are absolute and can be relied on. Whereas Scripture is subject to various interpretations depending on the reader, “since not every statement of the Scripture is bound to obligations as severe as each effect of nature.” When proposed with an absolute and a variable and know that they cannot equal each other it is only logical to assume that the variable will bend itself to change to fit the absolute, as it is “obvious that two truths can never contradict each other.”