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After reading this week’s study material, the story about Cain and Abel definitely applies to frustration- induced criminality. According to Bartol et al (2017) said, “when behavior directed at a specific goal is blocked, arousal, increases, and the individual experiences a drive to reduce it” (p. 94). Cain and Abel was instructed by their father Adam to offer a sacrifice to God thinking him and to seek his blessings. When it was time to give their offerings, Able gave a sheep and Cain a few crops. The Bible says in Genesis 4: 5, “And the LORD had regard for Abel and his offering, but for Cain and his offering he had no regard. So Cain was very angry, and his face fell” (English Standard Version). Nevertheless, based on studies, frustration
He is very frustrated because not only did he lose his job (loss of a positive stimuli) he also has not informed his wife that he has lost his job. With his fear of losing his wife and her finding out about his frustration of losing his job. He results to criminal behavior like burglarizing a few homes, for the funds of his family. This example shows how ones negative behavior can lead to criminal
The proposal of Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory in explaining criminal deviance is based on three concepts. The first concept is that people are not naturally inclined to commit crimes. Rather, their transition towards deviant behavior begins when they experience strain. The second concept is that once strain is present, depending on the severity of the stain, a person becomes victim to their own negative emotions like anger, jealousy, and frustration. Their response to those negative emotions may expedite their transition. The third concept looks at a person’s ability to cope with the strain and negative emotions. If a person has poor coping abilities they tend to become overwhelmed by the strain and the negative emotions they are feeling as a result of strain. Poor coping abilities may cause someone to commit crime in hopes of rectifying their situation. (Agnew, 2011)
This paper will examine Robert C. Solomon's Emotions and Choices article, to best identify what anger is, and to what extent a rational human being is responsible for their anger. Firstly, Solomon's argument must be described. A quick summation of Solomon's argument can be found in the following four points: Emotions are judgements, emotions are chosen, emotions serve a purpose, and emotions are rational.1 To quote Solomon, he explains that “Emotions are not occurrences, and do not happen to us. They ... may be chosen like an action.”2
Anger is a basic human emotion that transcends cultural boundaries. However, despite its universality, an exact definition agreed upon by all people is lacking (Norcross & Kobayashi, 1999). Physiologically, brain centers in the amygdala are connected to anger processing. Because the information processing that takes place in this brain structure is primitive, anger can be triggered inappropriately and without the individual's knowledge of the cause. In psychodynamic terms, past events and experiences suppressed in the unconscious can be the source of generated anger. In cognitive-behavioral terms, anger is described as an interaction of behavior, cognition, and physiological arousal (Ambrose & Mayne, 1999). According to Deffenbacher (1999), anger may be aroused by specific external events, a mix of these external events with the anger-related memories they elicit, and internal stimuli such as emotions or thoughts. It results when "events are judged to involve a trespass upon the personal domain, an insult to or an assault upon ego identity, a violation of values and expectations, and/or unwarranted interference with goal-directed behavior" (p.297).
The General Strain Theory scope has an intention of providing a clear explanation for why and why not crime occurs across all levels of society, while maintaining that stress is a major cause of criminal involvement. When people experience negative emotions, such as anger, frustration, or depression, they are in result unhappy and upset, thus experiencing strains or stressors (Ganem, 2010). Crime is then a way of reducing or escaping from these strains, and it is their method of coping with their emotions. According to Agnew, “Strains refer to events or conditions that are disliked by individuals (1992,
1. Cesare Lombroso applied the methods of natural science (observation, measurement, experimentation, statistical analysis) to the study of criminal behavior. Lombroso rejected the classical theory of crime, associated with Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, which explained criminal activity as freely chosen behavior based on the rational calculation of benefit and loss, pleasure and pain. Critically analyze both schools of thought and provide an opinion as to what theory you believe is more relevant.
Seneca defined anger as "a burning desire to avenge a wrong" or "a burning desire to punish him by whom you think yourself to have been unfairly harmed" (Seneca On Anger Extracts I.2). When we feel we have been unjustly treated, an agitated feeling arises which is called “anger” (Cooper, J& Procope, J 1995 p.6). Seneca then talked about the accordance of anger with nature. He said "Man was created for mutual assistance, anger for mutual destruction..."and "anger is greedy for punishment…" (Seneca On Anger Extracts I.5). This suggest that anger opposite the common
Based on the RCT criminals are thought to make a conscious rational decision before committing crime, they are thought to weight the benefits and costs of committing or not committing the crime. By this method criminals often decide that robbing a bank and possibly going to jail is a better alternative to staying at home and doing nothing when they have just ten days to pay their rent or move and live on the streets. The RCT assumes that all people are capable of making good conscious choices, which it can be strongly argued that many people lack the mental capacity to make a rational decision. It was the rising crime rates of the 70's and 80's that turned people away from other theories such as the classical and neo-classical and onto the RCT which was founded in the late 70's to the early 80's. (Hayward, 2007, p. 234) Under the RCT are the RAT and SCT which will both be explained better later on.
Edgar Allan Poe’s stories are credited for having horror-filled endings. Usually darkness is considered to be a good representative of evil, so the setting in “The Cask of Amontillado” is at night-time. This story deals with the jealousy, revenge and, more importantly, wounded family honor. A man named Montresor, whose name is not discovered till the end of story, is seeking vengeance on Fortunato, who has irreparably insulted him. The very first sentence: “THE thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge”, supports the theme of revenge (Poe 161). This theme also suggests that Fortunato had aggrieved Montresor thousands of times, but whenever he insults Montresor and his family, he decides that there needs to be avenge and, which is the murder of a Fortunato. Montresor believes “he is out to get justice by baiting Fortunato” (Whatley 56). Hence, Whatley states “there is no remorse in Montresor’s heart when he finally confesses after fifty years”. So, for the sake of his family honor and self-respect, he vowed to take revenge by killing Fortunato.
Mostly anger is about emotion, like when Cole was in jail he was angry, but he had a guilty/sad emotion in him because he hurt someone. For example, when you are screaming you feel like a monster. At this part he was angry and felt like a monster. When Cole is mauled by the Spirit Bear after trying to attack it, his pride and his resistance stick with anger on one side and happiness on the other which does not represent the truth about his feelings. At this part of the story he felt like there was a monster in him except he couldn't control it.
The Bible first mentions what to do in case of extreme crime in Genesis 4:11-15. In this passage, the Bible is talking about two brothers, Cain and Able, who have presented gifts to God. After God denied Cain’s gifts and instead accepted Able’s, Cain became outraged and killed his brother. The Bible tells us that:
An explanation is about to be given on criminal behavior and what causes it. Many wonder what exactly causes such behavior, even though the answer is right in front of them. Simply stated behavior is influenced by nature and nurture. What is nature and nurture? Obviously, an explanation is going to be given. How can knowing what nature and nurture are help prove that actions are influenced by them? The answer to this question is simple. Studies on fraternal twins who were separated have been performed to prove just how people are influenced. The answer of course, being we are influenced by nature and nurture.
plays a number of causal roles in aggression (Berkowitz 2001).First, Anger sometimes provides a reason for aggressive acceptance. Anger may sometimes interfere with higher level cognitive processes.
The research on trait anger yields many different definitions. One of the most common definitions found referred to trait anger as the predisposition to observe several situations as frustrating and experience frequent states of anger. Anger in terms of the emotion itself was defined as “a basic emotion experienced by almost all human beings in response to the unwanted and unexpected behavior of others” (Tafrate, Kassinove, Dundin, 2002, p. 1573). There is a clear consensus that the emotion anger is experienced frequently my most. The difference in trait anger is that it is imbedded in one’s personality and tends to affect the way one views and reacts to the world. It especially affects those high in trait anger. Individuals with high trait anger may feel enraged often and can be sensitive to being treated unfairly. Trait anger can consist of interrelated elements of cynical beliefs and attributions, angry emotional states and aggressive or antagonistic behaviors.
When tension from these unseen pressures ignites we all fall into the ancient old decrepit hand of anger. Naturally our behavior is balanced and predictable but when anger rears its ugly head we lose all control and composure. This unbridled force is obvious with our extreme change in facial expressions, tone of voice and (G-d forbid) violence. Unfortunately self-control is foreign thought at this point.