Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process that involves joining of metals without fusion or filler materials. The frictional heat is produced by a rapid rotating non-consumable high strength tool pin that extends from a cylindrical shoulder. In this paper 6mm, thick copper and bronze plates are friction stir welded at different tool rotational speeds of 800, 1000 and 1200 RPM, with a constant travel speed of 40 mm/min and an axial force of 10 kN. Tests like Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Microhardness is done to identify the metallographies studies. The friction stir welding experiments are carried out with the transverse speed of 40 mm/min of the tool. Vickers hardness test, microstructure …show more content…
The findings from these investigations are presented and discussed.
Keywords: Friction stir welding;Rotational speed; Numerical analysis; Metallographic structure; Heat distribution
1. Introduction
In Friction stir welding process melting does not occur and joining takes place below the melting temperature of the material. Frictional heat is generated between the wear-resistant welding tool and the material of the workpieces. This heat causes the workpieces to soften without reaching the melting point and allows the tool to traverse along the weld line. Defect free copper welds are achieved by friction stir welding carried out at a constant welding speed of 100 mm/min.[1]. The effect of various input speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded Cu–30Zn brass alloy is investigated [2]. Friction stir welding of 5mm thick pure copper plates were done. The characteristics of the microstructure, different heat zones and mechanical properties of welded joints are investigated [3]. The temperature distributions of the weld, Brinell's hardness test, tensile test and microstructure analysis are performed on the welded aluminium alloy
Xie, J. "Weld Morphology and Thermal Modeling in Dual-beam Laser Welding." Was.org. American Welding Society, n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. .
Tomorrows Welders Thomas Jefferson said, “I find that the harder I work, the less I call it work”. I have often found myself in situations where I needed to fix something but could not because it is metal. I believe this might be why I began to show interest in welding. There is great satisfaction in being able to create or fix a metal object on your own.
The machinability of copper and copper alloys is improved by lead, sulfur, tellurium, and zinc while it deteriorates when tin and iron are added. Lead in brass alloys with concentrations around 2 wt%, improves machinability by acting as a microscopic chip breaker, and tool lubricant, while they increase the brittleness of the alloy [17]. Lead additions are used to improve machinability. The lead is insoluble in the solid brass and segregates as small globules that help the swarf to break up in to small pieces and may also help to lubricate the cutting tool action. The addition of lead is however, affect cold ductility which may control both the way in which material is produced and the extent to which it can be post-formed after machining
Welding is a very important job in today’s society. With new building designs, and bridges to every day metal products, welders are needed to do these tasks. Almost everything that you use every day has some sort of weld to it.
Welding can be traced back to the ancient times. One of the earliest methods of welding is bronze age. when ancient people back then had small gold circular were made by pressured welding lap joined together. Then in the Iron Age the Egyptians and people in the eastern area learned to weld pieces of iron together. In the middle age blacksmithing was developed. Blacksmithing is when you weld a piece of metal and hammering it but it was in the 19 century that welding was invented as they know it today.
In doing so, they weld metal parts, fill holes, and can even repair cracks in a brace. Because of its heavy duty strength, welds can be used to repair cars, ships, and even airplanes. Also, welds are used in the construction of buildings and bridges. Various tools are needed to perform proper welding techniques, for example, a person may need clamps, welding rods, a chipping hammer, a torch, glasses, a welding helmet, an apron or non flammable clothing to properly weld metal. In addition, a person may also need a specific type of welder for a certain occasions.
Being a welder was never in my mind for a career, but that changed when I started taking welding classes at the Dickinson-Iron Intermediate School District. I've been welding for two years and am now enrolled at Bay West Community College for their Early College Program for welding. After I complete the one year program with Bay I will be moving forward with my education. I will be deciding between Ferris State University for Welding Engineering, Northeast Wisconsin Technical College for Machine Tool CNC Technician, or The Advanced Welding Institute. After I complete the rest of my schooling I will also be moving forward to become a Weld Inspector. I do not want to be just a welder I want to be higher up and have a better education, so that
Hell on wheels is a television series about the construction of the early railroad from the east to west coast. As with most T.V. it does not accurately depict the past, but one thing I want to find out in particular is, was prostitution really so open and acceptable during this time period? The first train to be completed in California would be in May, 1869. So if we look at the 1850’s to 60’s it’s safe to assume that this can reflect whether this glorification of sex was a reality of the 19th century. Prostitutes not only existed in big cities during this time, they thrived in newer territories or in rugged areas, such as the expansion of the intercontinental railroad. The reason for them doing so well in these areas
In the era we are in today society is consumed with the want of new technology not the need. “The study into quilt history is a rapidly growing area of research in American history: domestic life in the 18th-20th centuries; development of the textile industry in Asia, India, Europe and America; the purpose for making quilts; their patterns and style development over time.” Quilting is an art form as seen through history, the perfecting of practical skills and the evolution of the sewing machine which gives us the beautiful quilting art of today.
In the poem, “Juggler,” Richard Wilbur compares the figure of God to a juggler that manages to control and take care of five red balls, which can be interpreted as a metaphor for our world. Wilbur describes the juggler in a very deferential and admired fashion, which illustrates the speaker’s love and pays tribute to his own God. By using metaphorical language, imagery, descriptive diction, and a very gracious and treasured tone, Wilbur demonstrates the speaker’s admiration for all that God is able to handle and provide for the people He takes care of.
I have not failed many times in welding but some things I have struggled with and have had trouble with were my straightness in my beads, dealing with the guys, and my leg length. When I do not do something correctly I usually do not take failure as an option.
"MIG Welding—The Basics and Then Some." - TheFabricator.com. N.p., 13 July 2004. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
Sasaki, Tomoaki. "Study for TIG-MIG Hybrid Welding Process - Springer." Linked.springer.com. Springer, 01 Jan. 2014. Web. 28 Apr. 2014.
Welding is an art, science, and high paying career all in one. Welding is the most effective way to join two pieces of metal, it is the only way to join them so they act as one. Numerous things in our daily lives has been welded from coffeepots to skyscrapers. Welding can be done almost anywhere outdoors, indoors, underwater, and even space (“Welding Basics”). It is practically
Welding is a very important tool used in our daily lives. Welding is the process of joining two metal pieces together by applying heat. A filler helps to make the joint. Everything we use from trucks to houses have some type of welding in them. There are many types of welding careers to choose from. There is a great demand for welders today. My project was to build a table and candelabra out of metal. Most of the metal I gathered came from junk yards and had to be cleaned of rust.