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Freud's efforts to understand and treat psychological
Freud's psychoanalytic theories
Freud's psychoanalytic theories
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Many people endure experiences throughout life that are either auspicious or malevolent. In addition, people also have desires and urges that are deemed either socially popular or unacceptable within society. However, it is the malevolent experiences and unacceptable urges that sometimes have a greater influence on people distorting reality. This is so because people often want to forget or ignore their unpleasant experiences and predilections. Inconsequently, in order to protect oneself from the cognizance of anxiety or guilt, a public and somewhat unconscious façade is displayed to conceal inner tension. By perceiving life discordantly from reality, inner tensions are tamed, and one can deal with life in a manner that is conducive to their coping and contentment. The misleading strategies that people often use to overshadow or hide their unwanted, conscious thoughts or memories in order to feel at ease are known as defense mechanisms which were first coined by Sigmund Freud. Freud postulated the defense mechanism theory because he believed that people distort reality in order to protect their ego. For this reason, I agree with Freud’s defense mechanism theory because I believe that before all fails and there comes an influx of anxiety, a person will use strategies to mitigate their inner tension, even at the cost of living untruthfully. Defense mechanisms are interesting because they allow people to avoid the agony of remembering bad experiences or being reminded of personal flaws. In essence, people use defense mechanisms in order to unconsciously live as a different person from whom they currently are or were in their past, unpleasant experiences. Defense mechanisms also provide relief from self-deprecation whenever shameful ... ... middle of paper ... ...that they are absconding with injustice. Dexter‘s life is a contradiction because he works against people who kill, even though he also kills. From the experiences that I am aware of, whether it includes my personal life, television shows, or the media, I must say that Freud’s extrapolation of the defense mechanism theory is indeed a plausible one. It is astonishing that people make a huge deal about forming an identity, yet at the same time, they are being unconsciously restrained by motives that are antithetical to their external identity. Reality can be harsh, but we all do not want our lives to be drowned in contempt. Therefore, we make our own reality and influence the ego that our perception of reality is the ideal one. Works Cited Freud, A. (1946). Ego and mechanisms of defense (C.B. Baines, Trans.) New York: New York (Original work published 1936).
The psychodynamics theory which was introduced by Freud to understand the human mind and psyche, reached a new level in the continuous analysis from therapists. Psychodynamics originally has been explained as a study of various psychological forces that affect human behavior which is related to early experiences. It specifically discusses the connection between the conscious and subconscious motivations. The theory was further analyzed and developed by Melanie Klein, Carl Jung and Alfred Adler. Based on the theory, the psychodynamic therapy evolved to help patients through psychoanalysis. With time other therapies like individual, group and family therapy evolved to offer treatment by understanding the present day complexities in more detail. The main aim of the therapy is self –awareness through identifying the various influences of many past events in life. The therapies are continuously evolving since it was introduced by Freud to help in solving a variety of psychological disorders within people.
As children we start off with believing that the world is good and our parents are perfect. As we grow we realize that our parents can and will make mistakes and everything is not as good as it seems. According to Freud we then need something to compensate for the anxieties of o...
Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 to Jewish Galician parents in the Moravian town of Pribor in the Austrian Empire (“Sigmund Freud” n. pag). During his education in the medical field, Freud decided to mix the career fields of medicine and philosophy to become a psychologist (“Sigmund Freud” n. pag). During his research as a psychologist, he conceived the Structural Model Theory, which he discussed in his essay Beyond the Pleasure Principle. The theory states that the human psyche is divided into three main parts: the id, ego, and super-ego (“Id, Ego, and Super-ego” n. pag). He concluded that the id was the desire for destruction, violence and sex; the ego was responsible for intellect and dealing with reality; and the super-ego was a person’s sense of right and wrong and moral standards (Hamilton, n. pag). Freud argued that a healthy individual will have developed the strongest ego to keep the id and super-ego in check (“Id, Ego, and Super-ego” n. p...
Sigmund Freud believed that he “occupies a special place in the history of psychoanalysis and marks a turning point, it was with it that analysis took the step from being a psychotherapeutic procedure to being in depth-psychology” (Jones). Psychoanalysis is a theory or therapy to decode the puzzle of neurotic disorders like hysteria. During the therapy sessions, the patients would talk about their dreams. Freud would analyze not only the manifest content (what the dreamer remembers) of the dreams, but the disguise that caused the repressions of the idea. During our dreams, the decision making part of personality’s defenses are lowered allowing some of the repressed material to become more aware in a distorted form. He distinguished between
Freud, S., & Strachey, J. (19621960). The Ego and the Super-ego. The ego and the id (pp. 19-20). New York: Norton.
The theory of psychoanalysis, founded by Freud, asserted that people could be cured by “…making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations…”, therefore gaining insight into their behavior and state of being (CITE). The aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, because Freud believed that psychological problems are rooted in the unconscious mind. In certain cases, individuals would have manifested symptoms caused by “…latent…”, or hidden disturbances (CITE). Typical causes could include unresolved issues during development or as a result of repressed trauma. Those who practice psychoanalysis believe that only with a cathartic experience can be the person be helped and therefore cured. In other words, , Freud’s treatment focused on bringing the repressed conflict to consciousness, where the patent then could wo...
Freud, Sigmund. New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis. Ed. James Strachey. Trans. James Strachey. Standard. Vol. 22. London: Hogarth Press, 1964.
Freud, Sigmund. Ego and the Id of Sigmund Freud (The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological works of Sigmund Freud Series).
Rabstejnek, C. V. (2011). History and Evolution of the Unconscious before and after Sigmund Freud. Psychology, 22 (4), 524-543.
His research on children was lacking, as was his use of empirical studies, his research was male-dominated and also lacked universality. The theory of the id, ego and superego develops from birth into childhood; therefore, the use of case studies on adults and the lack of empirical study does not seem feasible enough to have developed this theory. First of all there is no guarantee that the memories of these adults in their childhood would be accurate, there was not any factual, re-testable data so it lacked reliability and validity, secondly each case and person’s experience is different and therefore cannot be used to determine the development of an entire population. Freud’s theory was further biased due to him overlooking social and environmental aspects, which prevent universality; he was a European man who researched other upper middle class Europeans whose everyday living and circumstances differed greatly from others in society.
Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, however, does have its problems. One of its drawbacks is that it is based on the assumption that repressed conflicts and impulses do in fact exist. Today this assumption is being challenged, and is provoking intense debate.
I believe this is only because they have never studied the mental phenomena of hypnosis and dreams.” By this statement, Freud’s past studies allowed him to accept and be aware of the Ego’s difficult job. This awareness led him to expand his theory of the Ego. He felt that the Ego used, what he called, “the Ego’s Defense Mechanisms.” When the Ego has a difficult time maintaining balance, Freud felt that the Ego would use one or more defense mechanisms to maintain balance. “Freud’s lists of the Ego’s Defense Mechanisms are:
Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of feeling, thinking and acting. Psychodynamic theories of personality view human behavior as a dynamic interaction between the conscious mind and unconscious mind, including associated motives and conflicts (Myers & Dewall, pg# 572, 2015). These theories focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. Psychodynamic theories are descended from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, which is his ideology of personality and the associated treatment techniques. Psychoanalysis attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. This theory also includes the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. He proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. Freud’s historically significant psychoanalytic theory became part of the human cultural legacy.
Freud substituted the systems of the topographic model with the three agencies of the structural model when it became evident that defenses were unconscious but were never repressed (Arlow & Brenner, 1964). According to Freud, then the structural model of agency, the id is similar to the earlier unconscious system, and the agency of the ego takes on the cognitive functions of consciousness as well as mechanisms of defense without having to be conscious.... ... middle of paper ... ...
Throughout Freud’s time, he came up with many different theories. One of his theories was Life and Death Instincts. This theory evolved throughout his life and work. He believed that these drives were responsible for much of behavior. He eventually came to believe that these life instincts alone couldn’t explain all human behavior. Freud then determined that all instincts fall into one of 2 major classes: the life instincts or the death instincts. Life instincts deal with basic survival, reproduction, and pleasure. Death instincts are apparent after people experience a traumatic event and they often reenact the experience. In Freud’s view, self-destructive behavior is an expression of the energy that is created by the death instincts.