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Sigmund freuds contribution to psychology
Compare adler work with freud
Sigmund Freud contribution in society
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Rachel Wizman
Dr. Susan Marell
Psych 334
March 2, 2015
FREUD vs. ADLER
Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler are both Psychoanalysts. Although Freud and Adler grew up in the same city, in the same era, and even attended the same university, their theories vary from one another other. Freud and Adler originally worked together as a team. However their ideas eventually became too dissimilar from each other, which caused them to separate and pursue their own individual studies.
Freud believed our personality fully developed by age six. He believed that humans are motivated by sex and aggression. Freud mainly viewed the human psyche from a psychosexual perspective. He theorized that the human mind is divided into three major components that determine
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Adler disagreed with Freud's emphasis on the importance of sexuality, instinctual drives and unconscious. He felt that we are more influenced by society and environment as opposed to biological instincts. Adler believes that our main driving force in personality is by “striving for superiority” - a struggle to overcome imperfections, a drive for achievement. Adler is recognized as the founder of “individual psychology.” He named the field as 'individual psychology' because his goal was to get a holistic understanding of each and every patient according to his specific and distinct needs. Unlike Freud, Adler believed the past continues to influence the choices people make throughout their …show more content…
Freud's psychoanalytic therapy was more of a long-term therapeutic investment. His main focus was to bring the unconscious into consciousness. Freud believed the role of the therapist was to encourage a transference relationship. The therapist is supposed to function as a "blank screen" (Tabula rasa) upon which the client transfers his experiences and emotions. In this relationship, for example, a client could see the therapist as someone in their life who they wish they could stand up to and the client would react, as they would have at the time of the original experience. As the analyst interprets the client's responses, the therapist uncovers unconscious thoughts and works toward bringing them into the client's awareness. Throughout this therapy, the psychoanalyst remains anonymous, meaning the client does not physically see the therapist during the actual session. This theory has it’s benefits and liabilities. On one hand, this really helps the clients think for themselves. It helps them gain new insights and really analyze their thoughts on their own. Understanding one’s own thoughts is very important for the client’s future because they won’t have the therapist available everywhere they go. On the other hand, there would be a lack of feedback and goals from the therapist. In addition, Freud focuses a lot on the past and very little on setting self-improvement goals for the future. This doesn’t give the client as
EYSENCK, page 475) Sigmund Freud developed a theory to explain psychoanalytic or psychodynamic theory he was the founder and practised as a psychotherapist and much of his work comes from self-analysis. Freud’s work suggests that early experiences determine adult personality; he identified five stages within the first five years of life. Freud believed that personality consisted of three main elements, The Id: Basic instincts present at birth (The pleasure principle)
Alfred Adler was the founder of Adlerian Counseling. He was born in 1870 in the country of Austria. who gave his theory the name Individual Psychology, because he wanted people to see that his theory and methods were designed to help clients help themselves. He believed that everyone had and internal need to be a part of society, and a desire to contribute to that society. That everyone strives for perfection, and everyone initially feels inferior to everyone else. He believed that when that feeling is not overcome, inferiority complexes develop, and if a person tries to overcompensate for inferiority, the develop superiority complex.
Alfred Adler has commonly been described as a man ahead of his time (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). He had several philosophical influences and spent all of his time reading, writing, and lecturing to share his powerful thoughts, ideas, and beliefs. The following will describe Alfred Adler’s personal history, major events that occurred in his life, and the contributions that he has made to the field of psychology.
An Adlerian is any person who applies the ideals and principles of Alfred Adler into their work; this does not restrict to just psychologists or counsellors, but instead applies to several occupations such as teachers or doctors. I’m an Adlerian because studying at Adler School of Professional Psychology I can rest assured knowing that once my degree is complete I will have a deep understanding of bringing together Adlerian principles into my counselling profession. Adlerian principles according to NASAP's (2004) newsletter “Adlerian Psychology-Theory of Human Behavior” can divide into different components: lifestyle, social embeddedness, phenomenology, teleology, creativity uniqueness, inferiority feelings, striving for superiority, vertical and level striving, and holism entrenched within all these components. As one notices, Adler had various principles and ideals, therefore if I was to pick just one that I hold dearly, it would be difficult to choose. Yet, in this paper, I will narrow my focus on addressing a few special components that are dear to me and finally select one that is most meaningful. I hope to use this as a base representation of the ideals I will apply in my work as an Adlerian practitioner.
Ansbacher, H., & Ansbacher, R. (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.
Adler has gone on to say that people who are in an unconscious state of mind ty to convert the feeling of inferiority to superiority, that is what Adlerian psychology is. By the time someone turns five, Adler believes that a young person should be entrenched with behaviors and thoughts and ways to process things, and also that the relationships that a child makes in their young life, this is closely related to social and environmental forces, they a responsible for the growth of the traits listed. Adler began to conduct research that the order that someone is born plays a role in upbringing of psychology. “Adler was actually one of the very first psychiatrist to introduce mental health into education” (Way, L Pg.2). Adler worked inside schools, he also helped with professionals practice so they could teach the same information Adler knew to their
Sigmund Freud and Albert Ellis are widely recognized as two of the most influential psychotherapists of the twentieth century. “It is argued that the striking differences in their therapeutic systems, Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and psychoanalysis, respectively, are rooted in more fundamental theoretical differences concerning the essential nature of client personality” (Ziegler 75). This paper will discuss in detail, both Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Therapy and Albert Ellis’ Rational Emotive Therapy, as well as compare and contrast both theories.
He believed “to achieve this happy result can require a long process perhaps weekly sessions over period of years.” (Stevenson, 160). Through this therapy, Freud believed that professionals, like himself, could help interpret what a person’s subconscious is trying to tell them. An example of looking into the subconscious is through dreams. Freud saw dreams as “the disguised fulfillment of the unconscious wishes that are its real ‘latent’ content” (Stevenson, 160-161). When a person would go to therapy, they would discuss their dreams. The therapist would interpret the dream and explain to their patient what they thought the dream meant. While Freud believed this would solve most of a person’s unhappiness he never saw people as being able to be completely happy because no matter what they do there will always be that internal struggle. His overall goal was to teach people where there feelings of discontentment are coming from and why they are feeling that
My personality plays a big part in my life, the qualities I possess, how I am perceived by others, and how well I interact with them. I believe I have an outgoing personality, I am easy to approach and get along with and much more. As I reflect on Freud and his theory, I can agree with him in some areas, but I don’t believe that the person personality was shaped almost entirely by childhood events. He was well known for his psychoanalytic theory of personality development, believing that the personality is shaped by conflicts fundamental structures of the mind: the id, ego, and superego (Funder, 2016). He was a psychologist who paved the way for others to come behind him. There are many who did agree with his theories
His research on children was lacking, as was his use of empirical studies, his research was male-dominated and also lacked universality. The theory of the id, ego and superego develops from birth into childhood; therefore, the use of case studies on adults and the lack of empirical study does not seem feasible enough to have developed this theory. First of all there is no guarantee that the memories of these adults in their childhood would be accurate, there was not any factual, re-testable data so it lacked reliability and validity, secondly each case and person’s experience is different and therefore cannot be used to determine the development of an entire population. Freud’s theory was further biased due to him overlooking social and environmental aspects, which prevent universality; he was a European man who researched other upper middle class Europeans whose everyday living and circumstances differed greatly from others in society.
From a Freudian perspective, human development is based on psychosexual theory (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). Psychosexual theory indicates that maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development (Shaffer et al., 2010). It was Freud’s perspective that there are three components of personality (the id, ego, and superego) that become integrated into his five stage theoretical model. The id was the biological or drive component that is innate from birth. The sole purpose of the Id is satiate an individual’s internal drives (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). The ego is the conscious portion of our personality that mediates between our id and superego. Throughout development the ego reflects the child’s emerging ability to...
Freud, Jung, and Adler each contributed essential concepts in accordance to one’s personality and environment. Focusing on one’s personality, each theorist assisted in the understanding of personality and each theory is still being used today throughout many therapy sessions. Throughout one’s education, one will go through personal development, seeking to find who he/she is and along the way react to life’s events accordingly. Academic success and developmental are hand in hand, allowing persons to set goals and develop plans to reach each goal. Each theory provides a different aspect in one’s personality which leads to the behaviors of that individual. According to Richard E. Watts, “Adlerian counseling theory affirms that humans are characterized by unity across the broad spectrum of personality-cognitions, affect, and behavior. Style of life, the Adlerian term for personality, is a cognitive blueprint
Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of feeling, thinking and acting. Psychodynamic theories of personality view human behavior as a dynamic interaction between the conscious mind and unconscious mind, including associated motives and conflicts (Myers & Dewall, pg# 572, 2015). These theories focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. Psychodynamic theories are descended from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, which is his ideology of personality and the associated treatment techniques. Psychoanalysis attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. This theory also includes the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. He proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. Freud’s historically significant psychoanalytic theory became part of the human cultural legacy.
Individual psychology was discovered by Alfred Adler who named his theory as such to emphasize the holistic perspective.
Sigmund Freud was one of the trailblazers of modern-day psychology. After several years of clinical practice, Sigmund Freud became concern about finding a new way to cure his patients. He developed a new way of treatment, the psychoanalytic therapy based on the existence of the unconscious. According to his theory, our behavior is driven by sexual and destructive feelings. Freud mentions in his psychoanalytical theory of personality there are five stages of psychosexual stages structure of personality. However, the three main elements of a personality are id, ego and superego, which come together to generate intricate human behavior. The three essential parts of human psyche are listed below.