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Determinism vs free will
Determinism vs free will
Determinism vs free will
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A number of arguments have been formulated to prove the notion that human beings lack free will. This paper provides and discusses these arguments, which include determinism, randomness, scientific and Arthur Stanley’s arguments. According to determinism objection, all events are as a result of a causing agent (Watson, 2003). This implies that all human behaviors and actions are pre-determined. Therefore, it is logical to argue that the physical world functions in accordance with the rigid and predictable laws implying that people do not have the free will to make a personal decision about what events are about to happen in their lives. For instance, nobody has the will to decide or predict when he or she shall fall ill or get involved in …show more content…
This is because people could not be held morally responsible for random actions; therefore, they lack free will. According to Arthur Stanley’s argument on free will, there is no half-way relationship between correlated and random behavior. This means that behavior is only either a matter of chance or not a matter of chance. This implies that there is no free will because the outcome of the behavior is precise. The last argument is the scientific argument. It argues that if the atoms travel in different directions by their weight, then people do not have the free will to control the directions in which they travel to since their motions are determined by necessity (Watson, 2003). In light of these arguments, I believe that there is no free will. This is because most of the events are unpredictable from the previous events implying that new causal chains will occur in the future. Therefore, if all actions are pre-determined, then there is no moral responsibility or free …show more content…
The protagonist of the movie, Captain John Anderson, is determined to prevent murders before their actual occurrences. The Police Division utilizes Precogs to predict the place, time, and scenario of future crimes and murders. The use of this device implies that people have no free will. This is because the Precrime division believes that individuals proven to commit murder in the future cannot avoid this fate. For instance, the Minority Report begins with the Precogs predicting a nearby murder. This makes Anderson react immediately and identify the exact time and location of the predicted murder. Upon arriving at the predicted murder scene, he indeed confirms that the Precog’s prediction was true (Dick, 2009). This means that this society strongly believes in the existence of determinism and not free will. This is because all the murder predictions made were fulfilled implying that the criminals or the suspects had no free will to change their future predicted behaviors or fate. Anderson believes that the use of Precogs is flawless, and its use could help him protect his son from harm. However, this notion changed when the Precogs predicted that he was to kill Leo Crow in less than 36 hours (Dick, 2009). This makes him analyze the minority report to prove that he is innocent. He no longer trust the Precog’s predictions and believes that the world is indeed deterministic, and
In Roderick Chisholm’s essay Human Freedom and the Self he makes the reader aware of an interesting paradox which is not normally associated with the theory of free will. Chisholm outlines the metaphysical problem of human freedom as the fact that we claim human beings to be the responsible agents in their lives yet this directly opposes both the deterministic (that every action was caused by a previous action) and the indeterministic (that every act is not caused by anything in particular) view of human action. To hold the theory that humans are the responsible agents in regards to their actions is to discredit hundreds of years of philosophical intuition and insight.
Human beings always believe that what they want to do is ‘up to them,' and on this account, they take the assumption that they have free will. Perhaps that is the case, but people should investigate the situation and find a real case. Most of the intuitions may be correct, but still many of them can be incorrect. There are those who are sceptical and believe that free will is a false illusion and that it only exists in the back of people’s minds, but society should be able to distinguish feelings from beliefs in order to arrive at reality and truth.
The argument of free will and determinism is a very complex argument. Some might say we have free will because we are in control; we have the ability to make our own choices. Others might say it’s in our biological nature to do the things we do; it’s beyond our control. Basically our life experiences and choices are already pre determined and there’s nothing we can do to change it. Many philosophers have made very strong arguments that support both sides.
In this essay I shall argue that Paul Rée is correct in saying that free will is just an illusion. Throughout the reading entitled “The Illusion of Free Will,” Rée makes numerous great points about how we believe we have free will but we really do not. He discusses how one’s childhood upbringing determines his actions for the rest of his life, which, as a result, diminishes his freedom of will. He brings about the major issues with the common thought that since you could have acted in a different way than you actually did, you have free will. Another main argument was the proof of the reality of the law of causality, which can also be referred to as determinism.
Philosophers have pondered over the subject of free will for decades and there still hasn’t been a definite answer to the question of free will. What does free will truly mean? Is it just a figure of our imagination? Or is it something that has been around since the creation of men? These are only a small fraction of questions the topic of free will arises. Free will can be broken down into smaller and fewer overcomplicated categories. A normal person like you has free will if our universe revolves around the fact of determinism, if you believe this theory, then you’d be considered a compatibilist. Compatibilism allows us to hold people responsible for their actions. You believe that the reason why
There are a lot of different things that come to mind when somebody thinks of the phrase Free Will, and there are some people who think that free will does not exists and that everything is already decided for you, but there are also people who believe in it and think that you are free to do as you please. An example that explains the problem that people have with free will is the essay by Walter T. Stace called “Is Determinism Inconsistent with Free Will?”, where Stace discusses why people, especially philosophers, think that free will does not exist.
The power of acting without necessity and acting on one’s own discretion, free will still enamors debates today, as it did in the past with philosophers Nietzsche, Descartes, and Hume. There are two strong opposing views on the topic, one being determinism and the other “free will”. Determinism, or the belief a person lacks free will and all events, including human actions, are determined by forces outside the will of an individual, contrasts the entire premise of free will. Rene Descartes formulates his philosophical work through deductive reasoning and follows his work with his system of reasoning. David Hume analyzes philosophical questions with inductive reasoning and skepticism in a strong systematic order.
All in all, each view about the philosophy of free will and determinism has many propositions, objects and counter-objections. In this essay, I have shown the best propositions for Libertarianism, as well as one opposition for it which I gave a counter-objection. Additionally, I have explained the Compatabalistic and Hard Deterministic views to which I gave objections. In the end, whether it is determinism or indeterminism, both are loaded with difficulties; however, I have provided the best explanation to free will and determinism and to an agent being morally responsible.
The problem of free will and determinism is a mystery about what human beings are able to do. The best way to describe it is to think of the alternatives taken into consideration when someone is deciding what to do, as being parts of various “alternative features” (Van-Inwagen). Robert Kane argues for a new version of libertarianism with an indeterminist element. He believes that deeper freedom is not an illusion. Derk Pereboom takes an agnostic approach about causal determinism and sees himself as a hard incompatibilist. I will argue against Kane and for Pereboom, because I believe that Kane struggles to present an argument that is compatible with the latest scientific views of the world.
Free will is the ability for a person to make their own decisions without the constraints of necessity and fate, in other words, their actions are not determined. Determinism is the view that the initial conditions of the universe and all possible worlds are the same, including the laws of nature, causing all events to play out the same. Events are determined by the initial conditions. Two prominent positions advocated concerning the relation between free will and determinism are compatibilism and incompatibilism. In this essay I shall argue that compatibilism is true. Firstly, I shall explain what compatibilism is and consider possible objections and responses to the theory. I shall then examine incompatibilism and evaluate its strengths and weaknesses and argue that compatibilism is a stronger argument and, as a result, show why it is also true.
Ultimately, the free will problem will remain a highly debated subject due to its complicated nature. The solutions of determinism, compatibilism, and incompatibilism posed by Nagel in addition to my argument dealing with chance events are merely possibilities on how to dissect the phrase, “I could have chosen otherwise”. This concept is rooted in the subject of philosophy, since there is often no right answer. Philosophy allows us to express our opinions and come up with conclusions we believe to be true. Whether humans have free will or not will remain a mystery that we do our best in solving.
In Minority Report, The Precrime Division believed in the flawlessness of the predictions from the Pre-Cogs and believed that the future is predetermined for each individual. Hence, they have never doubted any of their arrest. However, trouble strikes when John Anderton finds himself murdering an unknown individual by the name of Leo Crow. Anderton has already seen his future and he believes that he is being set up by someone, so he sets off to find out the truth. It was already predetermined for Anderton that he was going to murder Crow in 36 hours however it is possible for Anderton to alter his own future. In this case, Anderton manage to find Crow and confront him about who he actually was. Crow told Anderton that he took his son, Sean, six years ago and killed him. Anderton was contemplating whether to kill Crow or not, finally he refuses to fire at Crow, but Crow whom was promised by an unknown individual a large sum of money for his family forces himself on Anderton's gun and ...
Imagine starting your day and not having a clue of what to do, but you begin to list the different options and routes you can take to eventually get from point A to point B. In choosing from that list, there coins the term “free will”. Free will is our ability to make decisions not caused by external factors or any other impediments that can stop us to do so. Being part of the human species, we would like to believe that we have “freedom from causation” because it is part of our human nature to believe that we are independent entities and our thoughts are produced from inside of us, on our own. At the other end of the spectrum, there is determinism. Determinism explains that all of our actions are already determined by certain external causes
The argument on free will has stemmed into different branches of opinions; the two main braches being compatibilism and incompatibilism. Frankfurt argues that free will is compatible with determinism because some humans are predetermined to have his definition of free will. Van Inwagen argues that free will is not compatible with determinism because if nature and the universe determine the future, the only thing that we are free to do is what we actually do and thus we are not free. I pull more to the Van Inwagen side simply because it is more logically sound. If only certain people are free or people are free only under certain conditions, then we are not actually free.
Freedom, or the concept of free will seems to be an elusive theory, yet many of us believe in it implicitly. On the opposite end of the spectrum of philosophical theories regarding freedom is determinism, which poses a direct threat to human free will. If outside forces of which I have no control over influence everything I do throughout my life, I cannot say I am a free agent and the author of my own actions. Since I have neither the power to change the laws of nature, nor to change the past, I am unable to attribute freedom of choice to myself. However, understanding the meaning of free will is necessary in order to decide whether or not it exists (Orloff, 2002).