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Discuss the social determinants of health
Major issue with the American health system
Discuss the social determinants of health
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Healthcare system provides services to those who can pay for them; unfortunately, not all people can afford to have insurance and get medical care when they need. There are many poor people who are left behind this system and something needs to be done in order to provide these people with appropriate care and equal opportunities. Opening a free clinic is a way out of the situation as it will allow people without insurance rely on the system of healthcare in the country and significantly improve the their life quality. This project needs to include the analysis of economic issues and special needs in order to develop a coherent outline for further steps in project implementation. Economic Issues According to CDC (2012) there are around 46% of uninsured people in the USA. The distribution of the neither uninsured in nor equal; it is minimal in Massachusetts, but it merits 22% in Nevada. The number of uninsured children is less than adults; it reaches 7% of people under 18 nationwide. The report shows several trends in healthcare system. Up to 35 million uninsured people do not have any regular medical services for a year or more (Cohen & Martinez, 2012). Poverty is the main cause of lack of medical insurance in children and adults. 40% of poor children and almost 39% of poor adults experience the lack of coverage in healthcare services. Lack of insurance is most common in the group of people aged 24-35. The representatives of racial minorities are more likely to experience problems with healthcare coverage than others (Cohen & Martinez, 2012). These facts point out the economic situation which does not let people nationwide get the constant access to quality healthcare services. New free clinic can be a great contribution to... ... middle of paper ... ...reated by people for people; it does not appear from nowhere. Only is all people and organization cooperate with each other, the project can get enough financial resources, equipment and healthcare professionals to support local population. References Cohen, R.A. & Martinez, M.P. H. (2012). Health insurance coverage: Early release of estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 2011. CDC. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201206.pdf Notaro, S. J., Khan, M., Bryan, N., Kim, C., Osunero, T., Senseng, M. G., & Nasaruddin, M. (2012). Analysis of the demographic characteristics and medical conditions of the uninsured utilizing a free clinic. Journal of community health, 37(2), 501-506. Swartz, K. (2009). Health care for the poor: For whom, what care, and whose responsibility? Changing poverty, changing policies, 330-364.
In the piece “Serving in Florida” by Barbara Ehrenreich several claims about poverty are made. At the time the piece was published in 2001, many Americans failed to accept the reality in the growing complications of poverty in the country. At that time there was not a wide variety of help for those on the poverty line. Ehrenreich embraces this idea, “There are no secret economies that nourish the poor; on the contrary, there are a host of special costs” (155). The poor commonly find themselves in minimum wage paying jobs, with no added benefits and harsh working standards. For many, it is difficult to overcome these conditions, especially when life provides its own burdens. Ehrenreich shows the example of her coworker Marianne’s boyfriend, and how he was laid off because of the “special costs”. A cut on his foot caused him to miss work, a low paying job and lack of benefits preventing him from providing the proper prescribed antibiotics (155). Since then the affordability of help for those on the poverty line has improved. The passing of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, mandated that all citizens must have healthcare coverage. A marketplace was
The author also briefly demonstrates in Chapter 11 how healthcare programs fail the poor. She mentions the high medical costs of antirejection drugs and how Medicare refuses to cover costs after a year. This is not a main argument of the chapter but an important one. The goal of Chapters 10
Due to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act signed into law on March 23rd, 2010; health care in the US is presently in a state of much needed transition. As of 2008, 46 Million residents (15% of the population) were uninsured and 60% of residents had coverage from private insurers. 55% of those covered by private insurers received it through their employer and 5% paid for it directly. Federal programs covered 24% of Americans; 13% under Medicare and10% under Medicaid. (Squires, 2010)
On a global scale, the United States is a relatively wealthy country of advanced industrialization. Unfortunately, the healthcare system is among the costliest, spending close to 18% of gross domestic product (GDP) towards funding healthcare (2011). No universal healthcare coverage is currently available. United States healthcare is currently funded through private, federal, state, and local sources. Coverage is provided privately and through the government and military. Nearly 85% of the U.S. population is covered to some extent, leaving a population of close to 48 million without any type of health insurance. Cost is the primary reason for lack of insurance and individuals foregoing medical care and use of prescription medications.
The United States spends vast amounts on its healthcare, while falling short of achieving superiority over other developed nations. One cannot overlook that the deepening recession has left many without jobs and therefore lacking health insurance. According to Fairhall and Steadman, (2009), even though the recession is hard on all, it is worse on the uninsured due to health care and insurance cost rising faster than incomes. Nevertheless, even those with jobs are lacking in health insurance due to employers, who provide insurance, are increasingly dropping their sponsored insurance. Many find that purchasing a health policy or paying for medical care out-of-pocket is cost prohibitive. “Since the recession began in December 2007, the number of unemployed Americans has increased by 3.6 million,” (Fairhall & Steadman, 2009). In 2009 it was stated that approximately 46 million Americans were uninsured, however not all of that number is due to the inability to afford coverage. According to a 2009 story written by Christopher Weaver of Kaiser Health News, 43% of that number should be classified as “voluntarily” uninsured. This subset of uninsured Americans consist of nearly half being young and healthy; therefo...
In order to fully understand the uninsured and underinsured problem that hospital administrators face the cause must be examined. The health outcomes of uninsured individuals are generally worse than those who are insured. Uninsured persons are more likely to experience avoidable hospitalizations, diagnosed at later stages of disease, hospitalized on an emergency or urgent basis, and more seriously ill upon hospitalization (Simpson, 2002) Because the uninsured often lack an ongoing relationship with a health-care provider, they are less likely to receive preventive care and diagnostic tests (Kemper, 2002). Many corporations balance their budget through cost cuts and other moves, but have been slammed with an increasing load of uninsured patients, coupled with reduced payments from government and private insurance programs. In 2000, 564,476 uninsured patients came through Health and Hospitals Corporations health care centers, a 30 percent increase from 1996. In the same period, Congress reduced Medicare reimbursements to hospitals, while Medicaid reimbursements to primary care clinics remained basicall...
The growing number of uninsured and underinsured is on the rise. In 1979, 11 million African americans were uninsured (Jaffe 10). Today, the number is 15 million and it is increasing every year (Jaffe 11). According to the Department of Health and Human Services, thirteen million blacks in America have health care and fourteen million do not (Fitzgerald 31). Also, those who are insured today may be at risk tomorrow if their employer drops coverage, or the head of the household changes or loses their job. Most blacks in the United States who are uninsured simply cannot receive health care at an affordable price because their employer does not offer it and self-insurance cost much more. The lack of adequate insurance can be devastating to families both in financial terms and in terms of timely access to needed health care (Jaffe 12). Altogether, collection agencies report every year that most blacks are in debt due to unpaid medical bills, because they are not insured or they are underinsured.
Despite the established health care facilities in the United States, most citizens do not have access to proper medical care. We must appreciate from the very onset that a healthy and strong nation must have a proper health care system. Such a health system should be available and affordable to all. The cost of health services is high. In fact, the ...
The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (2011). Health care spending in the United States and
A health care system that provides free health care services to its entire citizen can be termed as universal health care. This is a situation where all citizens are protected from financial costs in health care. It is recognized around the globe as it provides a specific package of benefits to all citizens in the entire nation. For instance, free health care can result to improved health outcomes. In addition, it provides financial risk protection and an improved access to health services. There is an increasing debate on how citizen should be provided with free medical services. Although United State does not permit free health care services it should have free health care for all citizens. This is due to the fact that healthcare is the largest industry in United State. Due to the fact that United State is a rich country, it should have a healthcare system that provides free services such as treatment for its entire citizen. This will play a significant role, as it will stop medical bankruptcies in...
Seeking care in any type of health care facility is usually not the most favorite activity of any individual. It is likely viewed as a “necessary evil,” something that must be done but is not pleasantly anticipated. Making the encounter between health care professional and client both helpful and therapeutic is a challenge. The major problems with treating the uninsured clients are continuity of care, and collecting payments for services. For those living in poverty, this is especially true. In my research, the one constant that the client’s expressed about visiting a doctor was embarrassment, fear, anger, and anxiety. Embarrassment in not having health insurance, fear of the unknown procedures and diagnosis, anger at being in such a vulnerable position, and anxiety about the cost, payment obligations and the impact on the family’s budget.
An individual who is born into poverty is bounded by poor living conditions, inequitable supplies, and stressed out family members. Those who are poverty stricken have limited health access and education. As results of poor schooling, individuals are less educated and receive lower skilled jobs, which are lesser paying. Due to poor health care, it’s harder for individuals and their families to seek medical assistance; in addition, few have the option to take off work to seek medical attention. Inevitably, it is clear that an ...
President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on March 23, of 2010 that changed United States healthcare delivery system by making access to healthcare affordable for all Americans. The PPACA requires Americans to have health insurance coverage with the exception to financial hardship, religious objections and American Indians. The health reform will also expand Medicaid and will include the Children’s Health Insurance program (CHIP), also known as (SCHIP) the State Children’s Insurance Program. In 2009, the number of children without insurance was 7.5 million (Estes, Chapman, Dodd, Hollister & Harrington, 2013).The uninsured children varied by factors such as poverty status, age, race, and the Hispanic origin. The uninsured percentages of children by race were the following: 7.0% for white children, 11.5% for black children, 10.0% for Asian children and 16.8 % for Hispanic children. These percentages show that Hispanic children are most likely to be uninsured due to the lack of knowledge about certain programs available that offer health insurance coverage. The problem is that there are still many children that go without insurance coverage due to several barriers such as the lack of access, lack of education and lack of affordable healthcare for All Americans.
Health insurance facilitates entry into the health care system. Uninsured people are less likely to receive medical care and more likely to have poor health. Many Americans are foregoing medical care because they cannot afford it, or are struggling to pay their medical bills. “Adults in the US are more likely to go without health care due to cost” (Schoen, Osborn, Squires, Doty, & Pierson, 2010) Many of the currently uninsured or underinsured are forced accept inferior plans with large out-of-pocket costs, or are not be able to afford coverage offered by private health insurers. This lack of adequate coverage makes it difficult for people to get the health care they need and can have a particularly serious impact on a person's health and stability.
Institute for Research on Poverty. (2013). Health & Poverty. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from http://www.irp.wisc.edu/research/health.htm