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Essay on france economy
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France's Economy
One of the four West European trillion-dollar economies, France matches a growing services sector with a diversified industrial base and substantial agricultural resources. Industry generates one-quarter of GDP and more than 80% of export earnings. The government retains considerable influence over key segments of each sector, with majority ownership of railway, electricity, aircraft, and telecommunication firms. It has been gradually relaxing its control over these sectors since the early 1990s. The government is slowly selling off its holdings in France Telecom, in Air France, and in the insurance, banking, and defense industries. Meanwhile, large tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and subsidies have combined to make France the leading agricultural producer in Western Europe. A major exporter of wheat and dairy products, France is practically self-sufficient in agriculture. The economy expanded by 3% in 1998, following a 2.3% gain in 1997. Persistently high unemployment still poses a major problem for the government. France has shied away from cutting exceptionally generous social welfare benefits or the enormous state bureaucracy, preferring to pare defense spending and raise taxes to keep the deficit down. The JOSPIN administration has pledged both to lower unemployment and trim spending, pinning its hopes for new jobs on economic growth and on legislation to gradually reduce the workweek from 39 to 35 hours by 2002. France joined 10 other EU members to launch the euro on 1 January 1999.
GDP:
purchasing power parity-$1.32 trillion (1998 est.)
GDP-real growth rate:
3% (1998 est.)
GDP-per capita:
purchasing power parity-$22,600 (1998 est.)
GDP-composition by sector:
agriculture:
2.4%
industry:
28.4%
services:
69.2% (1997)
Population below poverty line:
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
2.5%
highest 10%:
24.9% (1989)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
0.7% (1998)
Labor force:
25.4 million
Labor force-by occupation:
services 69%, industry 26%, agriculture 5% (1995)
Unemployment rate:
11.5% (1998)
Budget:
revenues:
$222 billion
expenditures:
$265 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Industries:
steel, machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft,
electronics, mining, textiles, food processing, tourism
Industrial production growth rate:
3.9% (1998)
Electricity-production:
480.783 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity-production by source:
fossil fuel:
8.72%
hydro:
12.92%
nuclear:
78.25%
other:
0.11% (1996)
Electricity-consumption:
411.743 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity-exports:
72.64 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity-imports:
3.6 billion kWh (1996)
Agriculture-products:
wheat, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; beef, dairy products;
fish
Exports:
$289 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports-commodities:
machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, agricultural
products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing
Exports-partners:
Germany 16%, UK 10%, Italy 9%, Spain 8%, Belgium-Luxembourg 8%, US 6.5%, Netherlands 4.5%, Japan 2%, Russia 0.9% (1997)
Imports:
$255 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Imports-commodities:
crude oil, machinery and equipment, agricultural products, chemicals, iron
and steel products
Imports-partners:
Germany 17%, Italy 10%, US 9%, Belgium-Luxembourg 8%, UK 8%, Spain 7%,
Netherlands 5%, Japan 3%, China 2.
The European Union has been helped economically ever since World War II. Right after World War II’s end, Europe was struggling to hold on. The countries of the modern-day European Union thought it would be a good idea to come together and help each others struggling economy. To this day, this decision has had a very positive outcome on the EU’s economy. As shown in Diagram 1, the European Union combined together has the world’s highest GDP at 18.3 Trillion USD as compared to the United States’ 17.4 Trillion USD GDP and China’s 10.4 Trillion USD GDP. The idea
Two decades following World War I, many democratic countries in Europe were taken over by some kind of dictatorship. Russia became a Communist state. Italy and Germany became Fascist states. Of the powers in Europe, only Britain and France remained democratic. Actually the First World War brought some negative effects to Europe.
per cent for Germany, 7 per cent for Belgium and 1 per cent for Italy:
And they faced the other European powers, which consisted of Germany and Italy in the other camp. There were also many smaller countries in both camps including Croatia, Bulgaria and Slovakia all members of the Anti-Comintern Pact and therefore included with the Axis Powers. The main members and founders of the Anti-Comintern Pact, Germany, Italy and Japan were all seen as the 'bad guys' because of their aggressive foreign policies. All three countries' foreign policies involved attacking other countries for resources or land and this is why they were separated from other European countries and branded 'aggressive'. Italy was the first country to pursue their aggressive ways in Europe when Mussolini turned them into a Fascist country in 1922.
The Main Strengths and Weaknesses of the Major Powers of 20th Century At the beginning of the 20th century the five main powers in Europe
France engages in quite a few secondary economic activities such as manufacturing, machinery and transport equipment production, aircraft production, and pharmaceutical items. This part of the economy makes up about 26% of France’s gross domestic product and 25% of its labor force (“CIA 2001”, 1). Manufacturing plays the largest role out of all of the secondary economic activities with a contribution of 16% to the gross domestic product. Behind it are the construction and energy generation companies which account for 4% and 3% of the gross domestic product (“Economic Structure”, 1).
The ideals of the French Revolution were "Equality, Liberty, and Fraternity," yet the methods that were used to accomplish these goals were extreme. For example, about 40,000 people were guillotined during the Reign of Terror. When Napoleon Bonaparte, a French army hero, seized control of the government in France in 1799 by a coup de'tat, he was looking to achieve peace in France by ending the Revolution. To do this, he had to be in complete control: he ruled like a dictator. However, he realized that he would have to allow the French people some of the freedoms and rights sought out during the Revolution. If he did not, he would have lost their trust and there could have been another revolution. Therefore, it is accurate to say, "Napoleon Bonaparte stabilized and united French society, yet supported the ideals of French Revolution."
Leonard, Mark, and Hans Kundnani. "Think Again: European Decline." ForeignPolicy.com. Foreign Policy Magazine, 23 Apr. 2103. Web. 16 Mar. 2014. .
The recent global financial crisis that affected not only America but also Europe and other parts of the world resulted in massive unemployment. This is due to the high costs of operation that many corporations faced forcing them to cut on labor costs. There is need for European government interventions to avert this social crisis and prevent the occurrence of such a crisis in future. Unemployment has hit the service sector harder than other sectors with the following being the most affected: automotive, construction, tourism, finance and real estate. The global financial crisis has also increased consumer prices thus pushing inflation. According to McCathie, “the increase in July consumer prices to 1.7 per cent pushed inflation in the currency bloc up towards the European Central Bank’s target of keeping inflation at below, but close to 2 per cent. Eurozone consumer prices had stood at 1.4 per cent in June” (McCathie, 2010).
Switzerland is one of the most prosperous countries in Europe. With a stable government, sound economy and highly skilled labor force and strong tourism, Switzerland is driving force in the world economy. However, in the coming years Switzerland will face three challenges that threaten their positive economic outlook, they are 1) agriculture protectionism,
The French culture is known worldwide by its arts and lifestyle. There are many countries in Europe, South America and African are influence by the French culture not just the US. First we have artists like Nicolas Poussin and Louise Moillon who develop a more advance art style. Next is Michel de Montaigne a French philosopher that made essays and writes about the brain advances literature worldwide. They have beautiful architecture and garden, for example The Palace of Versailles and Hall of Mirrors. Third haute couture talk about the high fashion of France spread through Europe and change fashion. Finally, cuisine the evolutionary of food in France and food we still eat today. These are the people and art we owe the French from its culture
Eurozone crisis has had huge impacts not only on the economy of the UE but also on the other countries who have economic and financial relations with the members of the union. The reason why we have decided to examine the Eurozone crisis in detail is to have a better understanding of the mechanisms behind this extremely important and complex problem and also to make accurate inferences about the solution alternatives. In our pape...
The period of 18th and 19th century is marked by the greatest transformations, reformations, revolutions and many other critical events that ever took place in human history. The credit is given to all these revolutions for enlightenment of mankind. The two most important revolutions were the French revolution and the industrial revolution. One can feel that both of these revolutions mutually reinforced each other and later became the back bone of all other revolutions. On the other hand, both revolutions had totally different impacts and consequences at various economical, political and social realms.
America. This was attributed to the recovery of many countries from the effects of the Second
After the World Wars, France began allowing foreigners to come and take jobs because they had major job shortages (Gofen 62). Some ma...