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History of terrorism essay
History of terrorism essay
Terrorism in the past and present
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Terrorism is a tool used to strike fear into the general public or targeted groups. The FARC use terrorism to send a message to the GOC and the general populace. That message is no one is safe from violence, not even the government can protect you from our reach. Former President Uribe's response underlines the external pressure his government felt in dealing with the FARC's attacks. He acted against the FARC with measured force, but other governments should not criticize how he used that force. Moreover, he was intent on showing that the GOC pursued the FARC in terms that were at their level regardless of how much the international community support he received (Padgett, 2003, p. 46).
Terrorism, extortion, kidnapping and illicit drug trafficking
protection are a handful of the crimes that the FARC have been accused of over the past two decades. The most lucrative of these activities has been drug trafficking protection. The FARC shifted its tactics as the illicit drug business reached its peak in the late 1980's. The Colombian government began pursuing cartels in order to stem the violence being caused by the undeclared war by the cartels. The government moved down the supply chain and pressed eradication of the coca plants and the processing facilities. Most of the drug trade occurs in areas traditionally held by the FARC. As the cartels became weaker, an opportunity opened for the FARC to provide protection to the farmers, processors and other rural middle-men in exchange for
In the early 1930’s, the Dominican Republic elected a new president by the name of Rafael Trujillo. Rafael Trujillo was a ruthless and selfish dictator even before he won the election. To win the election, he used his connections to kill supporters of the opposing candidates. Rafael Trujillo used his powers to oppress and murder masses of people (2 ”Rafael Trujillo”). Even though he was initially seen as a beneficial leader, Rafael Trujillo was proven to be an evil dictator.
In the United States, the government has been run as a “representative” democracy. With every presidency comes change, however, one thing does not change and that is the State of the Union Address. Every President is tasked with giving a speech to address the state of the country specifically on the economy and the current budget. The speech is supposed to give American citizens a sense of hope, comradery, and belief that the leader of the free world is making every effort to make this country better for all who are apart of it. However, with the newly elected President, during his State of the Union Address he promoted division and intentional attacks towards immigrant in the United States.
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina is without a doubt one of the most known figures within the Dominican history. The “Era de Trujillo” (The Trujillo Era) occupied the Dominican Republic for the long period of thirty-one years. His dictatorship started in 1930 and ended with his assassination on May 30, 1961. Trujillo’s Career began with the occupation of the United States in 1916. During this time he was trained in a military school, and became part of the National Police, a military group made by the Unites States to maintain order in the Dominican Republic . Trujillo stood out during his military career and rapidly ascended within the military ranges. Under the government of Horatio Vasquez Trujillo received the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and was put in charge of chiefs and assistant commanders of the National Police . This new position gave him the opportunity to be part of the overthrowing of Horatio Vasquez. Trujillo was sworn into presidency on August 16, 1930. Marking the beginning of what is known as the cruel, violent and controversial part of history in the Dominican Republic.
Clearly, the UN definition being more general as any act of terror, it is found that revolutionary groups adopt the use of categorical terrorism because it is commonly cheaper than selective terrorism. Further, Goodwin argues that categorical terrorism is employed for the purpose of attacking and threatening what he calls “complicitous civilians.” Complicitous civilians are defined as (1) civilians who often benefit from state actions that the revolutionaries oppose, (2) those that support the state, (3) or civilians who have the ability to influence the state. The primary directive of categorical terrorism is to provoke complicitous civilians from further supporting the state. By applying intense...
Debating which constitutional form of government best serves democratic nations is discussed by political scientist Juan Linz in his essay “The Perils of Presidentialism”. Linz compares parliamentary systems with presidential systems as they govern democracies. As the title of Linz’s essay implies, he sees Presidentialism as potentially dangerous. Linz points out the flaws as presidentialism as he sees them and sites rigidity of fixed terms, the zero-sum game and political legitimacy coupled with lack of incentive to form alliances as issues to support his theory that the parliamentary system is superior to presidentialism.
.... They have not committed an attack since 1998, when they took responsibility of the explosion at one of the power plants. Not many information is known about the new leadership, and some even speculate that the group has disbanded; only having few people here and there still rallying under Los Macheteros banner. But they are still out there, there are still citizens that want to secure independence from the United States by any means necessary, all they need is a spark to ignite the powder keg again, and a charismatic leader to rally the group. But whatever they do and however people want to call them; terrorist or heroes, their name has been forever stained with blood by the actions and orders of Ojeda. Even if his intentions were noble, by wanting a free country for his people, it does not justify the killing of unarmed military personnel, and innocent civilians.
Drug trafficking and terrorism are illegal clandestine activities with strong national security and law enforcement threat components and operational similarities. Terrorists like drug traffickers, need weapons and engage in violence to achieve goals. Terrorists, like drug traffickers, are often involved in hiding and laundering sources of funds. Both terrorists and drug traffickers operate transnationally, and often get logistical and operational support from local ethnic satellite communities. Both groups often rely on the criminal community for support: they may need smuggled weapons, forged documents and safe houses to operate effectively. Finally, both groups need a steady cash flow to operate. In the case of terrorists, where state sources of funding are rapidly diminishing, drug trafficking is an attractive funding option. Increasingly, terrorist organizations are looking to criminal activity and specifically the drug trade as a source of funding. The FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces, a guerilla force) in Colombia are but one of many cases in point.
She argues that these major terrorist events would not have been successful without the use of crime. She goes further to say that crime and corruption facilitates terrorism. Here you see that terrorist use crime and corruption to increase their utility, which resulted in grave terrorist attacks. As far as crime goes, we see that their use in terror tactics are detrimental to states as well. In the article; “The Logic of Cartel Car Bombings in Mexico”, the use of terror tactics by Mexican cartels as a way of constraining the state was explored. The author argued that violence is used as a medium to create a cooperative target, in furthering this notion we find that the there is a positive
McDermott, Jeremy. “US Targets Colombian Rebels as War against Terrorism Escalates.” Scottsman.com. February 10, 2002.
---. “The velvet hegemon: How soft power can help defeat terrorism.” Foreign Policy. May-June (2003): 74-75.
Food shortages, high inflation rates, protest, and violence: one sees these headlines in a Google search of Venezuela today. All around the country, there are long lines to buy simple necessities, like bread and milk. High inflation rates lead to shortages of food supplies, which increase frustration leading to protests in the streets and, sadly, an increase of violence. The protests and violence result from the inability of Venezuelans to provide the most basic human needs for their families. Sky-rocketing inflation rates in Venezuela are the result of Hugo Chavez, the former socialist and revolutionary leader of the country, and his administration. While in power, Chavez was so consumed with fixing the social issues in Venezuela, that other aspects of the country were ignored – like the economy. In 2014, Venezuela is left with a destroyed economy, angry people, and a government that is trying to fix the many issues the country currently faces; although the government is committed to finding solutions, the people of Venezuela do not feel the government is fixing the problems fast enough.
The U.S. Department of State defines terrorism as, “The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological”. Whereas the Belgium Red Cross says that terrorism is committed “for the purpose of intimidating the population, forcing a third party to act or destablishing or destroying the fundamental structures of a country or of an international organization”.
The word terrorism was first used during the French Revolution from the reign of terror inflicted by the French from 1784-1804 ("International Affairs"). It was used to describe the violent acts perpetrated on the French that inflicted terror on the various peoples and instilled fear within them. However, at the time it had a more positive connotation than the term that instills fear today. During the French Revolution this was because it referred to state-sponsored terrorism in order to show the need of state instead of anarchy, sometimes promoted by other groups (Hoffman 2). Therefore, even though terrorism has taken a new nature, terrorism can refer to official governments or guerrilla groups operating outside national governments ("International Affairs"). In order to encompass terrorism’s various sectors and explain it to the public, in both positive and negative aspects, many analysts have tried to put it into a few words. Terrorism is a method used by tightly of loosely organized groups operation within states or international territories that are systematic in using deliberate acts of violence or threats in order to instill...
Terrorism has many forms, and many definitions. “Elements from the American definitional model define terrorism as a premeditated and unlawful act in which groups or agents of some principal engage in a threatened or actual use o...
Terrorism is one of the most extensively discussed issues of our time and at the same time it is also one of the least understood. The term itself “terrorism” means many different things to different people, cultures, and races. As a result, trying to define or classify terrorism with one universal definition is nearly impossible. The definition of terrorism used in this research is a reflection of much of the Western and American way of defining it. The definition of terrorism is,