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Implications of Newton's second law of motion
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Recommended: Implications of Newton's second law of motion
Investigating force and acceleration
Background
The relationship between force and acceleration is expressed by Newton’s second law of motion which states that “the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. “ (The Physics Classroom, n.d.)
This law can be expressed as the equation F= ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass and a is the acceleration. This equation can be used in different contexts and rearranged to solve numerous different calculations. Figure 1. Diagram of setup where a is acceleration, t is tension in the string, m is the mass of the brass masses and M(t)
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This will be calculated by recording the time and the final velocity of the trolley using the installed photogates and using the formula a=(V-V_0)/t to find the acceleration.
Controlled variable How it will be controlled Why it should be controlled
The incline of the surface will be kept level. By keeping the air track level for all trials. Gravitational acceleration will accelerate the trolley if the air track is at an incline. This will cause skew in the results if not kept level.
Type of surface – air track Will be controlled by using the air track to reduce friction. Furthermore, the same setting of the air track will be used to make sure they have the same friction for each trial. Friction acts in the direction opposing motion. As friction increases, the acceleration decreases, causing negative skew in the results.
Mass of the trolley – 98.98g The same trolley will be used. Newton’s second law of motion states that more force is required to accelerate a greater mass.
Friction of the pulley The same pulley will be used. Friction between the string and the pulley, or within the pulley, will decrease the acceleration as it will act against the movement of the two masses.
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It was observed that the acceleration of the trolley increased as the tension, or the force that pulled the trolley increased. This can be seen in Table 1 where the acceleration gradually increased from 2.9ms-2 at 0.22N to 7.0ms-2 at 0.65N of force.
It is seen on Graph 1 that the relationship between the two variables is a linear relationship with a strong correlation suggested by the R2 value of 0.94. The line of best fit must also pass through the origin to be considered directly proportional, which in this case, does not. This contradicts the Newton’s Second Law of Motion which states that force is directly proportional to acceleration when the mass is constant. However, the graph cuts the axis quite close to the origin and the difference can be attributed to error in the
We ran into Newtons First Law, which claims that an object resists change in motion, as the marble rolled down the floor it didn’t stop until it was acted against by friction. As we moved on, Newtons Second Law came into play when we were creating our lever as we need a ball that would roll down with enough acceleration that it could knock down the objects. Newton’s second law claims, that F=MA. So, we choose a golf ball since it would have more mass than a rubber ball, but it would have less acceleration when the lever was started. This way, it would knock the upcoming objects. Newtons Third Law claims that every action yields an equal and opposite reaction. This is proven in our Rube Goldberg Machine when the small car was rolling down the tracks as the wheels pushes against the track making the track move backwards. The track provides an equal and opposite direction by pushing the wheels forward.
the length of the slope can be used to calculate the speed of the car
Hold the trolley with its front touching the start line. 5. What is the difference between a'smart' and a'smart'? Simultaneously start the stop clock and release the trolley. careful not to push it or exert any extra force on it).
Prompt: Define Newton’s Third Law, give three effects of it, and create an experiment designed to explore one aspect of it.
In this inquiry the relationship between force and mass was studied. This inquiry presents a question: when mass is increased is the force required to move it at a constant velocity increased, and how large will the increase be? It is obvious that more massive objects takes more force to move but the increase will be either linear or exponential. To hypothesize this point drawing from empirical data is necessary. When pulling an object on the ground it is discovered that to drag a four-kilogram object is not four times harder than dragging a two-kilogram object. I hypothesize that increasing the mass will increase the force needed to move the mass at a constant rate, these increases will have a liner relationship.
The acceleration of a body or object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the body or object and is inversely
The file labeled “Newton’s 2nd Law” is to be opened. The cart’s mass along with the attachment of the sensor and the accelerometer are to be measured and recorded. Being carefully verified in order, the track is leveled and the Force Sensor is set to 10N and connected to...
This experiment could have been more accurate if the angle of the slope could have been lowered to stop the trolley from accelerating. The experiment could have also been improved by taking greater care in making sure that the weights didn’t fall off of the trolley after they collided with the trolley. Better weights should have been found for the 1.5kg as the ones used had to be tied together to reach the sufficient weight, thus making them more likely to fall off the trolley. Conclusion: The hypothesis was proven correct for the 500g weight, however, the hypothesis was not proven correct for the 1kg and 1.5kg weights as the momentum before the collision did not equal to the momentum after the collision.
According to mechanical physics, a force is an effect that may cause a body to accelerate. Also as stated in Isaac Newton’s second law of motion, force is a vector quantity (has magnitude and direction) that is proportional to the product of the mass of a body and its acceleration.
Controlled Variables: • Load force • Effort distance (30cm) Manipulated/Independent Variable: • Angle of incline Responding/Dependent Variable: • Effort force Materials: • 1-peg board • 1-cart • 1-inclined plane/ramp • 1-Newton Scale • 1-protractor •
The aim of this experiment was to determine the correlation between the three angles of incline and the acceleration of a trolley cart down an inclined plane. The first hypothesis predicted that as the angle of incline increased, the rate of acceleration of the trolley cart would also increase down the inclined plane. This was supported by the results in the experiment. The angle of 8.91⁰ had a theoretical acceleration of 1.52m s-2 and its highest velocity was 1.55m/s and the smaller angle of 3.84⁰ only had a theoretical acceleration of 0.66m s-2 and its highest velocity was 0.45 m/s. According to Newton’s second law, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it, using the formula F = m x a.
This would mean that at higher points the trolley would have more gravitational potential energy. This would be a good variable to investigate because we can use various gradients but it might be slightly difficult to measure some angles with the protractor. * Height of start position- this affects the motion of the trolley because as the height gets larger the trolley gains more gravitational energy. This would be a good variable to investigate because there are many heights we can use and it is also easy to
== == Flywheel String Slotted mass on hanger Stop-watch Vernier caliper Metre ruler Theory = ==
The second law is, “the relationship between an objects mass (m), its acceleration (a), and the applied force (f) is F= ma.” The heavier object requires more force to move an object, the same distance as light object. The equation gives us an exact relationship between Force, mass, and acceleration.