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Physiology of sport and exercise
Physiology of sport and exercise
Physiology of sport and exercise
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Football is one of the most physically demanding sports that can be played. (Drust, B., Atkinson, G. & Reilly, T., 2007.) stated that football is a mixture of high and low exercises in a game which is accompanied by other varied movements and executing specific skills. In difficult sports like these, the body's functions demand more effort and more energy due to the nature of football. In football, there are different factors that can affect the physiological demands of the body during football games like the environmental factors, the importance of the game, the ball possession of the team, player's physical capacity, technical qualities, playing position as well as the player's tactical role in the game and age. In general, in a game, there …show more content…
For example, midfielders have the highest maximal oxygen intake and have low muscle strength. There are also marked differences with players of the same position which may be due to playing style and tactical role in the game. Playing formations in football on high-intensity running and technical performance also has effects on the physiologic demand (Tierney P.J., Young A., Clarke N.D., Duncan M.J., 2016). In the advancement of technology, game-related sports performance could now be measured and observed. One of the monitor systems that can assess physiologic and motion analytic data is the Zephyr Bioharness GPS satellite technology. The device measures five physiological and activity eight variables (heart rate, breathing frequency, skin temperature, accelerometry, and posture) in real time. The importance of this device to sports is that helps in measuring the effectiveness of a training program, quantifies subjective measurements such as gaining insights on workload and intensity and lastly optimizes the rehabilitation process of recovering athletes. Not to mention other countries around the world are able to utilize these physiological data with the use of these monitoring systems effectively and efficiently in training their players and …show more content…
The secondary aim would be to compare the physiological demands per position (Goalkeeper, Forwards, Midfielders, and Defenders) in order to know the physiological demands that need to be evaluated in each position most specifically the goalkeeper since it is the position that is given the least importance in most research studies conducted about the sport. For both of these objectives, the tools that will be used is the Zephyr Bioharness monitoring system and time-motion
There are three main energy systems used in a game of touch football which consist of the creatine phosphate (ATP PC) system, lactic acid system and the aerobic system. Each system plays a vital role during game play. Every muscle in your body requires energy to perform all movements, and to do this, the energy is produced by the breakdown of a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is found in all cells which is a chemical form of muscular activity and performs mostly all functions in the human body. It contains 3 phosphate groups and adenosine. ATP is stored in the muscles and lasts for approximately 10-30 seconds. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins, are all producers of ATP from the food we eat; however Creatine Phosphate is also a high energy compound producer found in the cells. These three chemical reactions are conducted to continue muscular work. The first system used in a game of touch football is the ATP PC system. This system is stored into the muscles and used in short durations for up to 10 seconds and doesn’t not require oxygen therefore being anaerobic. ATP lasts approximately 3 seconds, and then Creatine phosphate (CP) will continue until all ATP PC energy is used up. The use of ATP is high intensity and would usually be used in a 50m sprint or a pass in touch. Once the CP energy is used up the body then switches to the lactic acid system. This is because of the breakdown of glucose, resulting in the production of lactic acid. The lactic acid system an anaerobic energy system, which lasts for approximately 30 seconds to 2 minutes, and is the conversion of glycogen to glucose. In relation to a game of touch football, the lactic acid system could be used during a quick wruck, as the movements required are a...
Scibek, J. S., Gatti, J. M., & Mckenzie, J. I. (2012). Into the Red Zone. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(4), 428-434.
Lees, A., & Nolan, L. (1998). The biomechanics of soccer: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16(3), 211-234.
Hours before a match, athletes in all corners of the world tend to freak out due to all the psychological factors that accompany performance in sports. Stop for a quick second and imagine becoming a Manchester United Striker or a Denver Broncos Wide-Receiver. For those who did not know already, these two positions are among the hardest in the sports world to play. Not only must the person assigned to these positions stay up until the early hours of the morning studying plays and formations so they might better assist their team come match day, but they also act as the main way the teams they play for get any points. If the expectation of being the team’s top scorers isn’t enough, they must also act as an inspiration to every other teammate that plays alongside them. Even though most people say psychological factors have no effect on an athlete’s performance in sport, athletes are negatively affected by the psychological aspects because of pre-game jitters they may experience, the relationship each athlete has with the stadium crowd, and the toll each match has on the athletes’ bodies.
There are many things in life that have their unique differences. Every level of Football has its 's differences, but there are some differences that matter the most. Different things have to be done from the high school level to the college level, and to the national level of football. There are different requirements needed in a players ' arsenal to develop a certain football leveled skill-set. This essay is about the difference between the high school football level and the professional football level. Some of these differences have to do with safety and protection of players.
The problems and injuries that come with playing football have been obvious since the beginning, and to this day are still being discovered and researched in hopes of finding solutions so that the sport is not so dangerous. Malcolm Gla...
The decision of playing football comes with many risks. Some of the risks include strains, fractures,
AIM: - the aim of this experiment is to find out what the effects of exercise are on the heart rate. And to record these results in various formats. VARIABLES: - * Type of exercise * Duration of exercise * Intensity of exercise * Stage of respiration
Soccer is a sport that is all about motion and how to use movements most effectively. Speed and velocity are very important when it comes to motion because with out them there would be no motion. When playing soccer speed is essential to being a productive player. The game is fast paced and so the players must also be quick on their feet. Soccer players may not know that velocity is essential to being able to control their movements. But physics proves that both are essential to soccer. Speed and direction are b...
In order to fully understand the impact and effect of overtraining, defining and establishing the difference of what overtraining is from other conditions, such as overreaching, is necessary. Overtraining is defined as the accumulation of both training and non-training stresses producing a long-term effect on the athlete’s performance capacity, with or without physical and psychological overtraining signs and symptoms in which recovery of the performance capacity will take weeks to months (Halson, 2004 p. 969). Overreaching, however, is defined by the accumulation of training and non-training stresses with a short-term effect on the a...
Also, this section will provide an overview of theories that have been used to clarify the relationship between anxiety and performance in athletes. In Edward’s and Hardy’s opinion, the main problem that research on the relationship between anxiety and performance has encountered is that researchers have not defined all the specific terminology that is required to understand this subject. The following operational definitions will be used for the terms anxiety and stress. “Stress is a state that results from the demands that are placed on the individual which require that person to engage in some coping behavior.” Arousal is going to be considered to be a signal to the athlete that he/ she has entered into a stressful situation and is characterized by physiological signs.
Athletic staleness and burnout is a big problem for many of today’s athletes whether they are at the amateur or professional level. The good thing about this problem that ends up in total and complete physical and emotional exhaustion is that it can be recognized when it is taking place. It can also be treated if the recognition comes at too late of a stage of the onset of staleness and burnout. But the best remedy for athletic staleness and burnout is prevention of it in the first place. There are three different models that have been used to explain the causes of athlete burnout.
The two major things that will help an athlete while measuring the cardiovascular drift are progression and hydration levels. The heart rate of an athlete working hard during a workout should be no more than their maximum heart rate which is found by, if you’re a female take 226-age, if you’re a male take 220-age. If while doing a workout the maximum heart rate is exceeded by too much it may be necessary to take a break or slow down greatly. This may also help with traking the hydration of an athlete. If an athlete stays hydrated their core temperature will stay regulated which means they won’t sweat as much, which also means the heart won’t be under as much stress while transporting the oxygenated blood throughout the body to the
due to the nature of the game and the fact that there is continuous movement with lots of short bursts of more intense activity. Some positions require higher levels of anaerobic fitness than others, some. require more aerobic fitness. A midfield player is required to cover a lot of ground during a game and needs a good aerobic engine. A striker on the other hand requires short bursts of repeated activity and requires more speed and anaerobic fitness.
This game requires immense amounts of exercise and cardiovascular activity. In an article on Youth Football Online.com it states, “Football is a physically demanding sport that will have the kids exercising every practice and game.” Football is filled with physical activity from running sprints, to lifting weights, to just simply playing the game. It is one of the best sports to get physically fit from. I feel myself working the hardest I ever have when I’m on the field. You endure multitudes of different types of training during football making it great for your health. Compared to other sports, it by far requires the most work all