Food And Family In Italian-American Culture

Many scholars have written about the particularly intimate connection between food and family prevalent in Italian-American culture. Herbert Gans interprets this to be a legacy of the traditional Southern Italian peasant culture that the immigrant generation successfully passed down to the younger generations in America. Thus, the connection is implied to be a “transplanted” cultural trait. However, when viewed in light of the social changes in America, this bond was inevitably affected by the Italians’ experiences in America. Italian-American food culture was a tradition shaped by changes outside and inside the family. An examination of the Italian-American family of the interwar years (c.1919-1940) demonstrates that the critical role food came to play in the family life of Italian-Americans was very much the product of inter-generational negotiation. The second generation , largely affected by public discourse, originally viewed “Italian” food as a marker of social inferiority. Therefore, food became a major source of family conflict between generations. But, through inter-generational negotiation, food was ultimately to become a fundamental unifying force of the Italian-American family. Today, in light of the rise of inter-ethnic marriage rates between Italians and Italian-Americans in America, a new form of negotiation centering on food is taking place within the Italian-American family—‘inter-spousal’ negotiation.

In the thirty-five years preceding World War I, the United States was flooded with seventeen million “new” immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. Each group brought their own distinctive food habits from the “old” world. The Italians, a large portion of which came from Southern Italy, were part of th...

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...they needed to adopt new, indirect strategies of exerting control over their children’s lives. While parents began to grant their children greater autonomy, they still required their children to be present at family dinners and gatherings. However, they realized that coercion at meals was neither an effective means to gain control over their children nor a viable way of transmitting traditional values. As such, they began to transform meals into a convivial atmosphere as an investment in family ties. Sunday dinners and holiday feasts became some of the most important times where the close bonds of the immediate and extended family were maintained and enforced as an important aspect of life. They used family dinners and gatherings as a means to maintain group solidarity in a new world where external forces were calling for “Americanization” and collective identity.