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Essay on modern techniques of agriculture
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Food and Agriculture Food stuffs were stored in food store houses, which were built in thousands empires. Mostly arranged in rows and around populated areas or large estates. The Incas kept a close eye on the people that were using the quipi which was a recording device using knots and strings. They were single rooms that were made out of cobblestone, they were either circular or rectangular. There were placed more on hill sides so they could use the cool breezes to their advantage. They had gravel flooring and ventilation in the roof and in the floor to keep the interior as dry and as cool as it could be. With all of the cooling foods could be stored up to two years in the storage rooms.
When researching Pueblo dwellings and the Anasazi people "Anasazi meaning ancient ones in the Navajo language"(Lynnd2012). Information retaining to the culture and how permanent dwellings did not start until the Anasazi started growing their food. Prior to agriculture, all food was product of hunting and gathering, this made moving across the country more frequent to be able to gather enough food. Once they started to farm and cultivate they stated building the first sets of housing which consisted of holes in the grounds and only later would they build on top of the holes with stone and mortar, this didn't happen till around 750AD and was a means for storage.
Throughout history, humans always had the urge to move into new geographical territories with many motivations. Starting from earlier motivations of discovering new lands, extending rule over foreign countries, or people entering new countries all together. The movement for economic development is known as immigration in present day context, and there are a couple economically developed countries that obtain high number of immigrants. This immigration experience is one of the continual events of American life, as people from all over the world view America as the land of massive opportunities. Many people enter America both legally and illegally. This view about America was extremely thought out by Juan Gonzales in his book titled, Harvest of Empire. He
The animals that were on the land were found to be basically fruits and vegetables. The Aztec’s and Inca’s seemed to eat only these things which were very healthy and good for their bodies. The Aztec’s and Incas seemed like a very well-devoted tribe to one another.
The Aztecs and Incas served an important role in the primal Native American civilizations. They were similar and different with the treatment of women, the economy, and intellectual achievements. Economically, both civilizations used trade, tribute, and agriculture to build their economy. However, the Aztecs had a more mixed economy, used trade more frequently than the Incas, and had a merchant class whereas the Incan civilization had more governmental control. Intellectually, both civilizations achieved in fields such as architecture, and art; however, the Incan empire had a wider range of achievements, disregarding their lack of writing. Throughout both civilizations, women had a tough life and were underappreciated but comparing the two, Incan women had it better off due to parallel descent.
...c used a slash and burn style of farming and they relocated once the nutrients of the land were used up. The Incas were much more advanced. Labor specialization was common, especially in the large densely populated areas like Cuzco. The Incas made roads, had irrigation channels, fortresses, and mines. They used crop rotation and terracing and other advanced agricultural methods.
The Aztec Empire stood for many years but never expanded much, only conquering small neighboring civilizations. The Aztec Empire was founded in the 6th century and didn’t fall until 1525. The Inca Civilization was a bit different. The Inca Civilization conquered as many lands that it could but quickly fell after just 100 years. In this essay I will be comparing the government, economics, and culture in the Aztec Civilizationand the Inca Empire.
The most important idea in Allen J. Christenson's Popol Vuh is maize or often known as corn but to the Maya culture, corn has a bigger significance than just food. Corn has played a important role in empires, civilizations and people for thousands of years. The Maya have a lot of admiration to corn as a cornerstone of their culture and spirituality. Maize was so highly admired that the Mayans had a Maize God. Corn was a gift from the Gods and cultivating it and planting it was a sacred duty it was a really important process in which corn was to be planted and harvested. Temples were built for Maize Gods and corn was used to nourish workers and kings. To the Mayans, the Gods made humankind out of maize. The Maya also considered this crop to be the vegetation of life in order to eat and grow. This symbolized the fragile nature of corn, a crop that depends entirely on human cultivation for its reproduction with such deep meaning and that has deep culture and meaning.
The furnishings found in each hut also provide indications of how the people lived. In the centre of all the huts lay a fireplace that is thought to be the only source of heat and light in the entire hou...
Ancestor worship was common among all classes during the Inca Empire. It was a major part of their religion to connect past and present religions. The way people worshipped depended on who they were honoring. The Inca mummified the dead to preserve them.
The Incas were obviously not as advanced as we are today, so it is understandable that they would not freeze-dry food the same way that we do today. One of the main foods that the Incas freeze-dried was the potato. They picked the potato because, since it was grown underground, it was one of the only foods that could survive the harsh weather of the Andes. This freeze-dried potato was called chuño, but they also freeze-dried beef into a substance called charqui, which was a precursor to beef jerky (Food of the Incas). According to the author of thinkquest.org “after a matter of days, this dried potato pulp, known as chuño, was able to keep for up to one year” (Food of the Incas). Some may be wondering how they actually freeze-dried food. Since the Incas lived in the high elevations and low pressures of the Andes mountains, they could use these mountains to their advantage; they certainly did not pass up on that opportunity. They would take potatoes, or another food, up to the tops of the Andes mountains to freeze overnight, and during the day, when it got warmer, the low pressure would turn the frozen water that was inside of the food directly into water vapor. Usually, frozen water changes to a liquid and then a gas, but that is in highly pressurized areas. If the water inside of the food turned directly to a liquid, then the water would not evaporate.
The Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations each originated from Latin America. Some Mayans lived in southern Mexico in the present day states of Chipas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yacatan, and Quintana Roo. Other Mayans lived in Central America in the countries of Belize, Guatemala, and ancient Honduras. The Incas lived in an Empire which they called Tawantinsuyu. Tawantinsuya means four parts. The Incas lived in present day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. The four parts were a long coastal strip, the high peaks and deep fertile valleys of the Andes, and the mountainous edges of the tropical forest to the East. The Aztecs were from Aztlan in either north or northwest Mexico.
The pioneers stored their food in some different ways, being close to how we store it now. The most popular way to store food was to can it. They would cram their food in glass jars in order to make it fit. Once the food was placed into the jars the pioneers corked the jars till it was air tight. You still today can put food in cans to keep it from going bad. Another way they stored their food was put in an ice box. An ice box acted as a refrigerator
Great civilizations rise and fall throughout the course of history. From the Romans and Greeks to the Aztecs and Maya, every society has its own great achievements and miserable failures. The discovery of the Americas in the late fifteenth century leads to the creation of many great empires and the demise of others. In particular, the Spanish expand their empire into the Americas and conquer any people that stand in their way. The Inca are one of these people. To the Spanish, the Inca are mere barbarians lacking a written language, iron forging abilities, and other European customs and practices. Despite the absence of qualities the Europeans consider to be necessary for an advanced society, the Inca are able to achieve immense accomplishments within their empire. One of the greatest accomplishments can be seen in the ancient city of Machu Picchu. The drainage engineering and hydraulic engineering techniques at this site prove that the Inca are no less primitive in their abilities than the Spanish during the time of the American conquest.
Upon arrival in the Americas, Europeans set out to make wheat the standard grain in the lands they had discovered; the establishment of wheat was both functional, as it was a staple of the European diet, as well as an attempt to institutionalize European control. While wheat did gain some ground in the Americas, especially among the upper classes, it failed to surmount maize as the “the foundation of indigenous livelihood.” The persistence of maize as a staple of the indigenous way of life is not shocking, as J. Eric Thompson writes: “Maize was a great deal more than the economic basis of Maya civilization: it was the focal point of worship, and to it every Maya who worked the soil built a shrine in his own heart.” The Americas were not
Our group presentation is on Andean South America and my part is on subsistence. Machu Picchu was controlled by the Inca empire in the southern Pole of Altiplano. In the northern side of the Lake Titicaca basin, they had both alpaca and llama herding as well as potato and quinoa agriculture. The puna grasslands of the higher altiplano were used to graze alpaca and llama. In the coastal regions the Pacific shore yields, millions of small schooling fish such as the anchovies. However, it is surrounded by a dry landscape which can only be cultivated with large irrigation systems and long canals. Only 10% of this land can be farmed and the people relied mostly on the fishery of the Pacific. Maize agriculture and irrigation were introduced to the coast in 2500 B.C. Mollusks and large fish were vital sources on the coast. But, Anchoveta could be netted throughout the year from small canoes. 90 percent of the coastal food came from the ocean.