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Racism in literature
Racism in american literature
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What constitutes a flawed society? - One factor that can constitute a flawed society is how society forces a few naive individual to go to war while everyone else effortlessly benefits. O’Brien writes, “He would have been taught that to defend the land was a man's highest duty and highest privilege. He had accepted this. It was never open to question. Secretly, though, it also frightened him. He was not a fighter. His health was poor, his body small and frail” (125). This quote demonstrates how society is corrupt because an innocent man who is afraid of war is being taught to fight no matter what. Furthermore, the quote shows the rapacity of society, for the life of naive individual is being sacrificed for a lowly cause. The greedy actions of the society make it flawed because the people within the society only care for what is best for them; the loss of lives will not stop the society from achieving what is. How does one survive in a flawed society? …show more content…
- One can survive in a flawed society by escaping and leaving that flawed society.
When O’Brien receives the draft notice to enter the war he considers running away, “I began thinking seriously about Canada. The border lay a few hundred miles north, an eight-hour drive. Both my conscience and my instincts were telling me to make a break for it, just take off and run like hell and never stop” (36). This quote proves that one alternative to coping to a flawed society is to leave and run because O’Brien considers fleeing to Canada in order to avoid being shipped to war. At this point in the novel O’Brien is young and he does not want to enter a war because he does not believe it is for a good cause and the only way out for him is to leave. Even though O'Brien reaches the border to Canada he decides not to leave, however his action demonstrate one alternative to surviving a flawed
society. What are the responsibilities of a person to stand against the flawed society? - One method an individual can use to stand against a flawed society is by enlightening the members of that society about the flaws and how such flaws can be eradicated. O’Brien demonstrates this method when he writes, “War is hell, but that's not the half of it, because war is also mystery and terror and adventure and courage and discovery and holiness and pity and despair and longing and love. War is nasty... war makes you dead” (59). O'Brien is standing against a major flaw in society, war, because in this quote O’Brien is informing the public about the hideousness of war through his literature. O'Brien creates negative connotations about war which makes the reader question why society is forcing innocent men to go fight and possible die in vietnam. Through O'Brien's literature, the reader can see that war is a major flaw in society and that people should stand against war.
The concept of what is "individuality" and what is not has plagued and delighted man since the dawn of time. “All the Pretty Horses” by Cormac McCarthy adds 302 more pages to the pile of all the works that have been on the quest to define individualism. In this novel, McCarthy takes us through four faces of the key character’s life, John Grady, to portray the idea of illusory individualism. He contends that John Grady is simply a product of a society in contrast to his (Grady) notion of free will. Simply put: Grady has no alternatives but an obligation to conform to society. McCarthy uses him to create the platform in which to comment on oppression of individuality, expectation of conformity to the values of the society and the fact that the concept of individualism is a myth.
The figurative language of O’Brien “slipping out of his skin” emphasizes O’Brien’s narrow-minded picture of being drafted and going into war. The feeling of not knowing motivated O’Brien to want to escape the draft. O’Brien illustrates Canada in great detail so the reader may understand the scenery, which was a motivation for O’Brien wanting to escape war. “All around us, there was a vastness to the world, an unpeopled rawness, just the trees and the sky and the water reaching out toward nowhere.” (O’Brien 53) The words, “unpeopled rawness” projects the detail that the emptiness of the scenery-no people just nature-made O’Brien want to escape the draft, because he was not ready to face that type of reality, which would see unfamiliar faces. The river represents another motivation for O’Brien wanting to escape the draft. “I could’ve done it. I
According to Christopher and James Collier,”War turns men into beasts.” It is true because many people are willing to
Throughout history, war has been the catalyst that has compelled otherwise-ordinary people to discard, at least for its duration, their longstanding beliefs about the immorality of killing their fellow human beings. In sum, during periods of war, people’s views about killing others are fundamentally transformed from abhorrence to glorification due in large part to the decisions that are made by their political leaders. In this regard, McMahan points out that, “As soon as conditions arise to which the word ‘war’ can be applied, our scruples vanish and killing people no longer seems a horrifying crime but becomes instead a glorious achievement” (vii). Therefore, McMahan argues that the transformation of mainstream views about the morality of killing during times of war are misguided and flawed since they have been based on the traditional view that different moral principles somehow apply in these circumstances. This traditional view about a just war presupposes the morality of the decision to go to war on the part of political leaders in the first place and the need to suspend traditional views about the morality of killing based on this
We can see it in our everyday culture with things like Call of Duty and Star Wars. We feed this stuff as kids and we learn from it. He goes on to talk about how we perceive war as a myth. We as the public do not see the true ugliness of it. All we see is what the military and the press wants us to see.
Through his own experience, O’Brien develops the idea that self-respect erodes like a pebble in a river of insecurity. No matter how hard O’Brien tries to convince himself that he must listen to his conscience, he is unable to retreat from his burden. He might die in the wrong war! He might become one of the carcasses in the slaughterhouse! But he must do what he should do. In life when we believe that our self-respect is right, we are determined to follow our heart. However, when we encounter oppressive situations, we will not swim away from our insecurity, because “[we are] cowards, [we go] to war”.
In retrospect chapter one demonstrates how Tim O’Brien and the other soldiers were influenced by the Vietnam War, many of the soldiers had to face the burdens of war, the lost of innocents and the sexual yearning for women. One of the fundamental themes introduced in the first few pages of the novel was the burdens many of soldiers encounter during the war. The soldiers in the novel carried some remarkably heavy physical and emotional burdens; these burdens almost always seem too much for them to carry. For instances Jimmy Cross the leader of the platoon was responsible for the lives of all soldiers in subdivision, however he was unable to keeping his soldiers alive. Another theme introduces in chapter one is the lost of innocent. The Vietnam War both defiles and terminates the innocence of those soldiers who participated in the war. Most of the soldiers in Vietnam War were young, not even twenty. Nevertheless, Tim O’Brien relentless points out that although they are young, they are killers when commanded. Many of the soldiers had to give up their innocence and become men immediately during the war. Other themes that emerge in chapter one is the sexual yarning for females. In addition with fighting Vietcong, soldiers had to endure living without any females around; which cause a lot of anxiety on them.
...e brutal and harsh ways that are used in military to change people into killers seems inappropriate to me. To become a soldier, right methods can be applied as well. It is disturbing to read that the recruiters treated the recruits in such an inhuman way. They are also humans that donot deserve to be treated in such an awful way. The author argues women are also malleable to become soldiers which is right. But for women, inorder to become powerful, they have to show more willing, masculinity, and aggression like men. Yet again, the author puts another question – What causes war? I think it is because of social distribution of power. Throughout the ancient military culture, mens are already inclined to kill or die. The primitive culture where men had to be a warrior to protect tribes from natural disasters or wild animals or anything still affects civilization today.
But in truth a true war story will stir great feelings, but may not contain a moral at all. In fact, a true war story is never moral. It does not instruct, nor encourage virtue, nor suggest models of proper human behavior, nor restrain men from doing th...
War is a hard thing to describe. It has benefits that can only be reaped through its respective means. Means that, while necessary, are harsh and unforgiving. William James, the author of “The Moral Equivalent of War”, speaks only of the benefits to be had and not of the horrors and sacrifices found in the turbulent times of war. James bears the title of a pacifist, but he heralds war as a necessity for society to exist. In the end of his article, James presents a “war against nature” that would, in his opinion, stand in war’s stead in bringing the proper characteristics to our people. However, my stance is that of opposition to James and his views. I believe that war, while beneficial in various ways, is unnecessary and should be avoided at all costs.
...the appeal of the life of the soldier and even of the validity of his Novum as a government form (he makes explicit reference to Technocracy, the nearest equivalent (199)). I do find the argument convincing, but perhaps not as much for the younger reader. The best advantages of military service presented are acquiesce and contentment, in short, the death drive - the desire to live less – a desire I hope is not well formed in the young reader. The arguments for the superiority of the military man are less convincing since they rely on a pretty problematic altruism founded on species survival over the individual but they are serviceable and no one debates with someone who wants to sacrifice himself anyways. Overall, if the capitalist game of meritocracy appears a bit too rigged and the death drive kicks in a bit early, military service is shown to be a good option.
If one were to try to count all the wars in the history of mankind, they will surely fail. War can do things for better or worse, but one should be asked, “Might [there] have been another way, besides war, to accomplish the same end?” (Collier and Collier 211). Today even now families are separated by infighting and war just like the Meeker family. Since the dawn of humanity different generations have always fought and in times of war the fight is strengthened. Many leaders promote and sell the glory of war to get people to join the fight, but many who believed them soon realize the horrid realities of war. In My Brother Sam is Dead, although both sides of war are shown, author's Collier and Collier ultimately argue that war is futile.
A true war story is never moral. It does not instruct, nor encourage virtue, nor suggest models of proper human behavior, nor restrain ...
In closing, W.D Howells is successful in his use of these methods of argument. “Editha” paints a clear picture of the men who must fight and the people who casually call for war. He proves Editha’s motives are unworthy of devotion. After all, it is easy to sit back and call for war when it will be the common enlisted man who will die to provide this luxury. In the end, Howells made his point clear. War never comes without sacrifice or consequence.
In order to truly guarantee freedom, it is key that the demand for it is not unbridled. It is necessary that one man’s freedom does not make infringement onto another’s. The most extreme form of freedom, the freedom to kill, is not compatible with the motives of rebellion. Rebellion is in no way the demand for total freedom…the object of its attack is exactly the unlimited power which authorises a superior to violate the forbidden frontier…freedom has its limits everywhere…the rebel demands undoubtedly a certain degree of freedom or himself; but in no case, if he is consistent, does he demand the right to destroy the existence and the freedom of others.