Introduction
“Fiscal policy involves varying the intended expenditure and revenue of the Australian government so as to assist in attaining the government’s economic objectives.” (Bulmer, 2014) One of the main influences on the fiscal policy in Australia is the budget; which is an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time. A famous economist called John Maynard Keynes discovered a remarkable economic principle called Keynesian Economics. Keynesian economics is a theory of total spending in the economy (called aggregate demand) and its effects on output and inflation. (Binder, 2008) This economic principle is continuously used in Australian economics and helps governments and economics make economically based decisions.
There are two main ways the government can achieve their fiscal policy: to raise taxes and to cut government expenditure.
(Waller, 2010)
Two Variations of Fiscal Policy
Fiscal policy consists of two basic variations called expansionary and contractionary fiscal policy. Each is recommended to correct different problems created by business-cycle instability.
(Miller, 2013)
The suggested fiscal policy to fix the issues of a trade-cycle recession is expansionary fiscal policy. This involves larger government purchases, a reduction in taxes, or an escalation in transfer payments. This fiscal policy substitute is intended to stimulate the economy by increasing aggregate expenditures and aggregate demand. It is primarily aimed at reducing unemployment, which is beneficial to the economy and the government.
Government Goals & Strategies
A key element of the Government's medium term fiscal strategy is to achieve budget surpluses, on average, over the medium term. This objective al...
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...n out the economy. It shows that in only 3 years, the budget will be nearly completely out of a deficit.
Conclusion
In conclusion as stated early, Fiscal policy is set by the budget and is then controlled by government expenditure and taxes. Fiscal policy is then spilt into two parts (expansionary and contractionary). The government goals for fiscal policy are summed up as the important four:
1. Inflation
2. Unemployment
3. External balance
4. GDP
With the new 2014 to 2015 budget now in place, the changes that have been made will dramatically affect future government decisions when concerned with fiscal policy. In reference to the budget, they will need to rethink their expenditure, they will have to recalculate the tax needed to keep inflation steady, to bring the levels of unemployment down, to keep external balance solid and to keep the GDP under control.
In Keynesianism, government uses fiscal policy, which is a list of policies that government spending and taxing can be used to improve the performance of an economy. The government produces stabilization by taxing and spending yearly plans. Taxing can occur when inflation is high, and lowering taxes tends to occur during a high percentage of unemployment. By lowering taxes, it increases disposable income or the amount of income that goes to financial responsibilities. When people have more money, they are able to spend more, which in return goes into jump starting the economy.
The Australian Budget is an annually published document which details the Federal Government's plans to affect the level of economic activity, resource allocation, and income distribution through the use of fiscal policy. It describes the framework which the government intends to follow during the next financial year which will result in the attainment of their objectives. The budget is a publication of the government's plans regarding the use of fiscal policy, and is published to parliament and the general public on “budget night”, so as to allow open dissemination about the status of public finances and to promote transparency in Australia's fiscal policy.
The Classical economists believe that these are “temporary” changes that will correct themselves in the long run. They feel that an economy will always tend towards operating at its potential output (as given by the long-run aggregate supply curve. Nothing needs to be done by the government because normal market forces will serve to self-correct these issues. On the other hand, Keynesian economics argue that the gap between the lower and the potential levels of output is due to a change in aggregate demand. They argue that this gap can exist for a long time and that the gap can be pushed to close faster if the government enacts fiscal and monetary policies. There are differences in how each policy works to close the recessionary gap caused by a drop in aggregate
For government budgeting to be effective, the process that guides it must be an evolving one. As the government gets bigger, it will most likely destabilize the existing method. Therefore, it must change to keep pace with the demands and growth of the country. The process must be capable of handling the complexity of our nation and its multifaceted needs so it will always need revisions and restructuring to face these new challenges. Its ultimate goal must be to reinforce the government and strengthen the country.
As of today America’s national debt is 18 trillion dollars and approximately 5 trillion of that is held by foreign countries including China and Japan. In the last few years we seem to hear more about balancing the country’s budget and politicians raising the debt ceiling so we can pay on this debt. How have we gotten into such an overwhelming and complicated problem with our nation’s money? Ironically the same can be said for our individual household debt as well as making the same mistakes and trying to find creative ways to be accountable to our financial responsibilities. Teaching the basics of personal finance n our schools can culturally change our financial practices, leading to a more financially literate public and a stronger, more stable, America. If the younger generations can become more financially savvy, then there is an opportunity for our nation as a whole to become less dependent on debt to survive.
Two very important economic policies that point in different directions of fiscal policy include the Keynesian economics and Supply Side economics. They are opposites on the economic policy field and were introduced in the 20th century, but are known for their influence on the economy in the United States both were being used to try and help the economy during the Great Depression.
The national debt surfaced after the revolution when the United States government had to borrow funds from the French government and from the Dutch bankers. By 1790, the U.S. government accumulated millions in debt, but no one knew precisely how much. The Constitution mandated that the new government take over the debts of the old government under the Articles of Confederation.
Economist John Maynard Keynes is credited with giving deficit spending academic legitimacy when he published “The General Theory” in 1936, even though many of his ideas were rebranded. Deficit Spending, 2008 The advantages of deficit spending are that it helps curb the unemployment rate during a recession. (Deficit Spending, 2008) While both unemployment rate and government spending are factored into Gross Domestic Product, Keynes also believed that something called “the multiplier effect” which proposes that the return on deficit spending is greater than the cost that it could increase economic output.
a recessionary gap and a monetary policy must be used to pull the economy from
Everyone has their own political leaning and that leaning comes from one’s opinion about the Government. Peoples’ opinions are formed by what the parties say they will and will not do, the amounts they want spend and what they want to save. In macroeconomic terms, what the government spends is known as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is the use of taxation and government spending for the purposes of stimulating or slowing down growth in an economy. Fiscal policy can be used for expansionary reasons, which is aimed at growing the economy and increasing employment, or contractionary which is intended to slow the growth of an economy. Expansionary fiscal policy features increased government spending and decreases in the tax rates as where contractionary policy focuses on lowering government spending and increasing tax rates. It must be understood that fiscal policy is meant to help the economy, although some negative results may arise.
The U.S. National Debt has been an issue for a long time. It continues to rise each year and it is becoming even more of an issue as time comes. It would be near impossible for the debt to go back down because of the population of the United States, the spending of the government, and the student loan debt. The debt will continue to rise unless one president can figure out how to decrease the debt, like Bill Clinton did. The National Debt can only be paid off by the taxpayers, which would never happen because the taxpayers do not make enough to pay for our government's failures.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the short- and long-term effects of current budget deficits and the nation debt. In order to do this; I first had to find out exactly what they were. I will also discuss whether I think the government should operate with a balanced budget.
A government can only be as successful as the people whom it governs. The measure of its success is seen through the quality of life enjoyed by the population, which is obtained with a well balanced budget. This budget is entirely funded by the taxes imposed on the population, which is then allocated to various departments and programs. It goes without saying that the manner in which the government spends its money carries a large influence over the economy, both in the short-term and in the long-term. Although government spending has the potential to stimulate the economy, this essay will explain why the opposite outcome is more likely to result in the short-term. It will be shown, by analyzing the flow of money and the economies of certain countries, that government spending has little economic benefit and does not create new jobs. Nonetheless, in the right circumstances, government spending can prove beneficial to the long-term economic growth of a country.
After analyzing the data and the theory, we have provided our conclusion weather tax cut is better for the stimulation of growth or Government spending is? This report explains the big macroeconomic debates of the present times. It seeks to explore the debate within fiscal policy itself between tax cuts and government spending. We have tried to explain the argument through some theories and through some data collected from Indian econ...
These two policies use to try to shorten recessions. Fiscal policy has its initial impact in the goods markets, then monetary policy has its initial impact mainly in the assets markets, which both effect on both level of output and interest rates. (R. Dornbusch et al., 2008)