Relief is simply the difference in elevation between higher point and lower point on the earth’s surface. The highest point of the earth is the peak of the Mount Everest and the lower point is Mariana trench in Pacific Ocean. The difference in elevation of the earth’s surface is due to endogenic and exogenic process operating in the earth’s crust. Relief is arranged in order according to time, process and the ways are formed (shaping or reshaping).The following are the orders of relief: First order relief; First order relief features are tectonic plates and are the largest in special extent. Two types of plates; continental plates and Oceanic plates. These are differentiated by their rock and mineral composition. Continental plates are lighter in density and are composed of granitic rock materials rich in silica and aluminum. The oceanic plates are made up of dense, basaltic rock composed of silica and magnesium. Diagram of first order relief: Second order relief; Second order relief features are the results of plate collision or divergence. Examples of the features under...
Marshak, S. (2009) Essentials of Geology, 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, ch. 11, p. 298-320.
Yes this feature is the result of erosion and depositional processes however, it is not associated with the current water course. This feature may be the result of a Gilbert type delta that once occupied this area. Gilbert type deltas have three main components; topsets, foresets and bottomsets. Topsets are fluvial sediments (primarily sandur deposits) that were deposited on the subaerial delta surface. Erosive events occurring on the upper forslope can result in downslope channels and chutes. These features are then eroded by either strong currents or by debris flow resulting in these channels and chutes to become filled. Foresets are a combination of sand and gravel facies. The are deposited by gravitational processes on the delta foreslope and the grains tend to become finer and more angular downslope. Bottomsets consist of fine grained silts and clay and are deposited at the foot of the delta front.
Tarbuck E., Lutgens F., Tasa D., 2014, An Introduction to Physical Geology, 5th Ed, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
and Metamorphic rocks can be found. There are also a lot of crusted plates, and violent
The sharp differences in elevation between the Badwater Basin and the surrounding mountains that include the highest point in the continental US (Mt. Whitney at 14,494 feet) stand as a representation of the regions violent tectonic past. The mountains themselves are considered fault block mountain ranges meaning that they were formed when blocks of rocks were squeezed through the Earth's crust along parallel faults or were loosened from the crust when it separated at a fault. In the valley, both of these methods not only were the cause of the current mountains formation less than four million years ago, but also are causing the mountains to be uplifted while the valley floor drops even further. This phenomenon is one of the reasons why the lowest and highest points in the continental...
The plate tectonic theory is a theory that geologists use to help explain the Earth’s surface processes and events. It explains that the sliding of these plates are either away from each other, sliding past each other, or sliding into each other and causing one of the plates to slide beneath the other. There are three kinds of plate tectonic boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. Magma then flows up from the mantle to fill in the space between the plates, forming a raised ridge called a mid-ocean ridge. The magma also spreads in the exterior, forming new ocean floor and new oceanic crust. A convergent boundary occurs when two plates
Volcanic plateau: volcanic plateau or "shielded" as a result of outflows lava and accumulation on the main nozzle and the low-rise look for the large area occupied by the rules. And look peaks like convex plateaus with convexity weak and from this it renamed volcanoes Plateau These cones originated from the flow of molten severe lava heat and great liquidity, which has spread over large areas and is this volcanic plateau best representation in the volcanoes of the Hawaiian volcano Mauna Loa Islands, which has a height of 4100 m, which seems more like a spacious dome descend steeper easy and fragile.
Plate tectonics is the manner of which the Earth’s lithosphere moves around. The weakness of the Earth’s upper mantle allows the Earth’s lithosphere to move. The lithosphere is not a single unit, it is broken down into a series of plates. The result of plate tectonics movements result in large catastrophes and natural disasters.
...ierra Nevada on west and Mojave Desert on east (Fig.X). The topography of the province is largely characterized by “abrupt changes in elevation,” causing a wide range of elevation values. These include the province’s highest point which lies east of Owens valley, at an elevation of 4,341 meters above sea level, and the lowest point in the United States located in the famous Death Valley basin, 86 meters below sea level (Harden, 130). Throughout the province, many range-front faults are found. Range-front faults are young faults that are formed along the edge of an uplifting mountain range. The fact that most of the range-front faults, found in the basin, are normal faults has led geologists to believe that the repeated vertical motion along the normal fault systems is the major cause of the characteristic basin’s topography. Some of these faults are active faults.
First you might need to know definition of tectonics. It is a theory in geology. The lithosphere of the Earth is divided into a small number of plates which float on and travel independently over the mantle and much of the Earth’s seismic activity occurs at the boundaries of these plates. That is the official definition of Plate tectonics. secondly, this plate covers many parts of continents. plate boundaries don’t go according to Continents boundaries, they make their own boundaries. The North American plat...
Source 4. A map of the Earth’s fault lines and plates with the direction of their movement.
There are two types of Igneous rocks. The first is intrusive, which is when the magma slowly cools beneath the earths surface. Because the magma is cooling slowly it allows the rocks end result to form crystal- like pigments. Examples of intrusive igneous rocks are Diorite, Gabbro, Granite, Pegmatite, and Periodotite. All of these rocks are course and grainy. The other type is an extrusive Igneous rock. This lava erupts onto the surface of the earth and cools rapidly also forming crystals, the lava cools so fast that at times it allows the rocks to form as clear-like glass. Examples of these rocks are Andesite, Basalt, Obsidian, Pumice, Rhyolite, Scoria,
The oceanic crust is more dense, thin and simpler in structure as compared to the continental crust. It is 6-9 kilometers thick and is made up of mainly mafic rocks or sima which is rich in iron and magnesium.
Due to the fact that rocks are composed of high intensity of elastic and brittle material, they therefore store considerable amount of strain energy that results from elasticity, during the action of plate tectonic. The brittleness leads to development of concurrent cracks on the rocks as a result of plate’s action.