Finding the Internal Resistance of a Power Pack
Aim
Design and Carry Out an experiment to determine the EMF and Internal
Resistance of a standard laboratory power pack.
Theory
This information was taken from the Collins advanced science Physics
textbook, the Cambridge Advance Science Physics 1 textbook and from
notes taken in class.
E.M.F or Electro Motive Force is the opposite of potential difference,
in that; it is the situation where a voltage is gaining energy. This
seems unlikely, but it is required in order to allow an electric
circuit to function. An electric current is a flow of electric charge,
the charge flows around the circuit, transferring some of its energy
to areas of resistance along the way (resistors, filament lamps,
buzzers). At some point along the way the energy must be initially
supplied, otherwise the whole process couldn't function. At the
beginning of the process the power supply provides the charge with
energy to pass to the circuit. This is the electro-motive force. EMF
is a type of voltage along with potential difference and these are
defined as:
A Voltage where the charge is losing energy is a potential difference,
V.
A Voltage where the charge is gaining energy is an electromotive force,
E.
A relationship exists between volts and joules. A 10v power supply,
for example, will give 10J of energy to each coulomb that it pushes
round the circuit. When a single coulomb passes through a component
with a p.d. of 5v, it transfers 5J of energy to the p.d. In it's
simplest form when 1C passes through a p.d. of 1v, it transfers 1v of
energy.
Power Supply
Resistor
[IMAGE]My investigation is concerned with the insides of the power
supply, commonly a power pack is made up of many wires, and a cell
contains chemical electrolytes and electrodes, both however work to
the same effect. When the charge passes through the source of e.m.f it
gains lots of energy, but also instantly loses some of that that it
The purpose of this lab was to calculate the specific heat of a metal cylinder
I also decided to use a wooden block to keep hold of the wire, because
Sometimes a simple life event that occurs to most people and is not even noticed can mean so much more when put in a poem. In Taylor Gorman’s poem “Cut”, this is exactly what the author does. He takes a simple event like cutting yourself and then writes a poem and lets the reader imagine what it means or should mean. Most critics would agree that a poem that seems very simple on the outside may contain a much deeper meaning if studied in depth, as is the case with Robert Frosts, “A Road not Taken”. “’The Road not taken’ has always been extremely popular with readers and critics alike. On the surface, the poems premise is simple, but critics have examined the poem in detail and have discovered depths of meaning not apparent in casual reading.”(Lee 2) He begins with the simple cut, and what most people do afterwards, which is continue with their life and ignore it. “There is a cut in your face from shaving. You can feel it burn, but you don’t remember ever cutting yourself shaving. You have good skin, but there it is: a cut in your face from shaving. Still, you go about your day.” (Lines 1-3) However, the author after this takes it to the extreme which is the person becoming somewhat like a ghost in the end of the poem. This then gives this poem a possibility to have a much deeper meaning, such as maybe the cut means something different or just has a deeper meaning. The author’s use of
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traveling this alternate route, the electrons form a current, ergo energy. Once the protons and
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