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Challenges to the feminist theory
Challenges to the feminist theory
The strengths and weaknesses of feminist theory
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When breaking into the field of feminist theory, I started to construct my own idea of a perfect world where there was social and political equality for people of all genders, sexualities, classes, and races. This is not an uncommon thing in feminism, as it helps anyone in the field of study understand what they want to accomplish in the field, and what ideas they should be putting firth into the world. When introducing her transnationalist feminist ideas in her novel Feminism Without Boarders, Chandra Talpade Mohanty provides her image of an ideal world which she describes as being full of freedom for both men and women alike to make the choices and lead the likes that they truly want, as well as living in a world with, “Economic stability, …show more content…
She feels this decolonization is so important is best explained in the quote that follows, “Third world feminisms run the risk of marginalization of ghettoization from both mainstream (right and left) and Western feminist discourses.” (Mohanty, 17) This means that the goals and notions of feminism that takes place in the Third world has a legitimate risk of being silences by the louder voices of First world feminists, who wish to perpetrate their own concepts about what is right for women onto women who live in the third world. Mohanty discusses how the Western world tends create a “composite, singular ‘Third World woman’” as well as seeing systems and people in the Third World as different, and this allows for First World feminists to “appropriate and colonize the constitutive complexities that characterize the lives of women in these countries.” (Mohanty 19) This othering and even objectifying of Third World women put First World women in the limelight as it pushes aside Third World women, and this creates a negative, one sided environment for feminist goals to grow in (Mohanty, 39). So the decolonization of feminist theory consists of two parts, “deconstructing and dismantling”, where the idea of the “Third World woman” is taken apart and the variance of women is accepted, and the second part of this is “building and constructing” …show more content…
Mohanty explains solidarity is needed in order to unite people from different parts of the world, as well as to get a voice that is loud enough to be properly heard; on the other hand, the notion of “sisterhood” has a tendency to overlook the differences between women in order to make them into a single homogenous group (Mohanty, 7). On the matter of her anti-capitalist critique, she is a little less clear on what she wants to put in capitalism’s place. She does say in her introduction that her ideal world includes “socialist practices”, as well as cites many prominent socialist feminists, but she never identifies herself clearly as a socialist or as for a fully socialist economy (Mohanty, 4). It is clear that her new vision for feminism contains a socialist nature in addition to her call for solidarity over the world’s
McCann, C. R. & Kim S. (2013), Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspectives (3rd ed.) (pp 161-173).
...together as equal members of society. Even though the progress has been massive in developed nations, there are still parts of the world that are centuries behind when it comes to women liberation. Therefore, now it is in the hands of liberated ones to pull those who are still living under the cave of oppression and show them the light of liberation.
For this critical analysis two readings, US Third World Feminism: Differential Social Movement by Chela Sandoval and Cultural Feminism versus Poststructuralism: The Identity Crisis in Feminist Theory by Linda Alcoff will be used to explore the depth of the relation between each authors thoughts an interpretations of feminism. It is obvious from the titles that these two authors clearly are focusing on different aspects of feminism and provide unique insight into the diverse branches of the feminist movement.
The message of Lugones and Spelman in Have We Got a Theory for You! Feminist Theory, Cultural Imperialism and the Demand for “The Woman’s Voice,” is that the entire worldwide experience of women cannot be universally articulated. Blanket definition of woman is impossible due to the many characteristics of women that make the gender so diverse, specifically race and economic status in society. “The women’s voices most likely to come forth and the women’s voices mostly likely to be heard are, in the United States anyway, those of white, middle-class, heterosexual Christian women” (Lugones and Spelman 21). Since “feminist theory” has been established without encompassing the inherently different experiences of non-white/non-Anglo women “much of the theory has failed to be relevant to the lives of women who are not white or middle class” (Ibid. 21). This displacement of a large population of the world’s women from feminist theory is extremely threatening to the development of a woman’s voice, in so far as this voice is key to fighting the battles that feminism sets out to fight: the end of re...
If it is wrong to judge people on the color of their skin, then it should be equally wrong to judge people on their sex. Feminism is described as the movement to end sexist exploitation, sexism and oppression. The feminism in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God (TEWWG) is obvious and is presented through Janie. Janie represents aspects of feminism when she takes the initiative to liberate herself from each of her three relationships.
Feminists are accused of taking the perspective of a woman who is a product of Western ideology. Which is to say that feminists ‘assume that all women have similar attributes and experiences and ignore the impact of other variables such as race, class, wealth, and sexual preferences on the position of women’(Chalesworth in Nayak 2013, 86). That in doing so, they have effectively excluded other women of different culture, class, and religion. What I would like to emphasize here is that in pursuing equality, feminists have become the very ‘”elite” they criticizes. Feminists’ claims for human rights are Western based, as simultaneously feminists are claiming that human rights are
Among the many subjects covered in this book are the three classes of oppression: gender, race and class in addition to the ways in which they intersect. As well as the importance of the movement being all-inclusive, advocating the idea that feminism is in fact for everybody. The author also touches upon education, parenting and violence. She begins her book with her key argument, stating that feminist theory and the movement are mainly led by high class white women who disregarded the circumstances of underprivileged non-white women.
...action with others… especially men. This supplies final substantiation of the authors' argument, that women continue to be oppressed by their male-dominated societies. It is a bold undertaking for women to ally and promote a world movement to abandon sexist traditions. Although I have never lived in a third world or non-Westernized country, I have studied the conditions women suffer as "inferior" to men. In National Geographic and various courses I have taken, these terrible conditions are depicted in full color. Gender inequality is a terrible trait of our global society, and unfortunately, a trait that might not be ready to change. In America we see gender bias towards women in voters' unwillingness to elect more females into high office, and while this is not nearly as severe as the rest of the world, it indicates the lingering practice of gender inequality.
In the novel This Earth Of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, discrimination against social structure, race, and gender is apparent. The setting is in the Indies, or now called Indonesia. At that time, there are terms for different races in the book, which are “Native” indicating someone who is pure Indonesian, “Indo” a half European and half Indonesian, and “Pure Blood” or “European” when someone is pure European. An Indo and a Pure Blood receives more respect in society than a Native. Furthermore, European or Pure Blood is at the top of this social hierarchy, people who are European or Pure Blood receives the utmost respect in society. Differences in gender is prevalent in this novel, where most women in this book have power in their own homes, but in society is looked down upon. Female characters experiencing these are Annelies, the main character’s love interest, Nyai Ontosoroh, Annelies’ mother who is a concubine, and Magda Peters, the main character’s European teacher. Women in this novel are portrayed differently according to what race, social structure, and gender they are born in, which can be seen through Nyai Ontosoroh, Annelies, and Magda Peters.
Jamaica Kincaid’s “Girl” shows in society how a woman should be placed and what it means to be a woman. A women doesn’t question her partner, instead she is subservient to him. A woman’s duties include staying at home taking care of the children and cooking; while the man works and brings home the money. A feministic approach to Kincaid’s “Girl” points to the idea of the stereotypes that women can only be what they do in the home, they should only be pure and virtuous, and their main focus should be satisfying their husband.
Throughout history, women have remained subordinate to men. Subjected to the patriarchal system that favored male perspectives, women struggled against having considerably less freedom, rights, and having the burdens society placed on them that had so ingrained the culture. This is the standpoint the feminists took, and for almost 160 years they have been challenging the “unjust distribution of power in all human relations” starting with the struggle for equality between men and women, and linking that to “struggles for social, racial, political, environmental, and economic justice”(Besel 530 and 531). Feminism, as a complex movement with many different branches, has and will continue to be incredibly influential in changing lives. Feminist political ideology focuses on understanding and changing political philosophies for the betterment of women.
The term feminism is often underestimated by society as it is often portrayed as a private problem rather than a social problem. This socially constructed term is interconnected with other principles that fit the needs of the oppressed, in this case women. For example, Professor Bettina interprets the term feminism as a means of equal power between men and women which include meaning, purpose, and activities in women’s lives. Aside from Professor Bettina’s definition of feminism, Chimamanda Adichie interprets the term as a social problem between men and women who acknowledge the problem and find solutions to solving the issue. Feminism is generally interpreted as the equality between men and women often ignoring what elements really make a
Commack (2014) draws comparisons between radical, conservative, and liberal feminisms, clearly explaining the differences in thought that allow for the distinctiveness of each approach (p.38-39). Although radical and conservative feminisms share an assumption of essentialist and biological differences between men and women, radical feminists focus and value almost entirely on women and their traits, while conservative feminists tend to value perceived ‘male’ traits (Commack, 2014, p.38). Evans (1995) disagrees slightly with Commack’s argument though, arguing that early radical feminist theory was more egalitarian and saw both sexes as “marred by society: by patriarchy and by capitalism,” and was less likely to blame men for the oppression of women (p.64). Commack (2014) states that radical feminism emerged in response to a liberal feminist approach and some of the criticisms that had emerged regarding it (p. 37). While a liberal feminist approach may call for administrative reform within society, a radical feminist framework calls for “transformation or major structural change” which may be necessary when the amount of inequality within society is considered
Central to feminist concerns among the postcolonial scholars such as Gayatri Spivak and Talapde Mohanty is Western feminism's inattention to the differences among women. Spivak exposes how the world is presented from the dominant perspective and geopolitical location of the First World to the exclusion of other disenfranchised groups. Regarding women in the Third World countries she believes that the everyday lives of many Third World women are so complex and unsystematic that they cannot be known or represented in a straightforward way by the vocabulary of Western critical theory. In this respect, the lived experiences of such women can be seen to pres...
McLaughlin, J. (2003). Feminist social and political theory: Contemporary debates and dialogues. Hampshire, Great Britain: Palgrave Macmillan.