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The emergence of feminism
Differences in leadership styles between women and men essay
Impact of social class
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Recommended: The emergence of feminism
“In the history of feminism universalism has played a crucial role. The revolutionary promise to realize the individual human rights of liberty, equality, and political participation has been the basis for women’s claim for citizenship in Western democracies since the eighteenth century. I would go so far as to argue that feminism, even as we know it today, would not exist without abstract individualism, not because abstract individualism included women in its definition, but precisely because it had such difficulty doing so. Feminism is not, as pluralist arguments might have it, an inevitable correction to the imperfect implementation of theories of universal individual rights. Nor will simple declarations of human universality solve the problem …show more content…
The relationship is interdependent, even though rhetorically oppositional.” (Joan W. Scott).
“Although multiple research studies show that men and women exhibit similar leadership styles, Catalyst’s prior research indicates that men do not face the persistent gender stereotyping that frequently place women business leaders in “double-blind, ‘no-win’ dilemmas.” According to the study, which interviewed senior business executives from the United States and Europe, men are still viewed as “default leaders” and women as “atypical leaders,” with the perception that they violate accepted norms of leadership, no matter what the leadership behavior”. (Catalyst Inc)
A dilemma is defined as “a situation requiring a choice between equally undesirable alternative” (dictionary.com). People face dilemmas all the time. A dilemma can be anything from what you want for dinner to staying in a broken marriage. That is exactly wat happened in Henrik Ibsen’s “A Doll’s House”. The women in the play faced many different dilemmas throughout the play. The dealt with committing fraud, finding a job and even
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She faces the most dilemmas of them all throughout the hold thing. She is b has to commit fraud just so she could take care of her husband in his time of need. She forged her father’s name in order to get the money then took her time to pay it back with her own money. She could have asked her husband whom just got a better job with a raise for the money but she didn’t. she came across a dilemma and she solved it herself. Kristine is Nora’s childhood friend. Nora is the opposite of Nora. She is no longer married and has no children. Even though Nora and Kristine are opposites they both deal with similar dilemmas. Kristine also married young and down on her luck she goes to her good friend Nora for help. She needs a job so she asks Nora to ask Torvald to get her a job at the bank with him just until she gets on her feet. She later finds out what Nora did and advises her to tell her husband exactly what she did so he can fix
The reading assignment for this unit included reading several articles and one book in particular, The Female Advantage, by Sally Helgesen as an introduction into varying leadership styles. Leadership, as a honed craft is practiced continually in different ways and varying circumstances, no two individuals will have the same leadership style. Certain distinctive traits brought into the forum and on display for followers to observe. Some traits can be visible, clothing or skin color as examples, others, however, are not as visible such as upbringing or family situation. Each of these factors could play a role in the leadership style of a leader. One trait that the author of the book uses to distinguish leaders is gender. As much as men and women must be treated the fairly and equally, it cannot be denied that outside of the biological aspect, men and women are slightly different. Each gender brings a unique approach to leadership situations.
Powell, G., Butterfield, D., and Bartol, K. (2008). Leader evaluations: A new female advantage? Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23, 156-174.
Powell and Graves’s study shows that “the gender gap in leadership is a global phenomenon whereby women are disproportionately concentrated in lower-level and lower-authority leader ship positions compared to men” (as cited in Northouse, 2016, p. 399). I couldn’t have agreed more with the statement; I have come across all of people from different aspects of lives. I have noticed that females’ interactions and how they are perceived and or accepted are quite different from males, whether at the workplace, school, in social gathering like religious services, around families and friends, etc. This includes the communication, uncertainty that arises in a professional environment that must do with our
Nora is the pampered wife of an aspiring bank manager Torvald Halmer. In a desperate attempt to saves her husband's life Nora once asked for a loan so she and her family could move somewhere where her husband could recover from his sickness. Giving the circumstances she, as a woman of that period, by herself and behind her husband forged her dad signature to receive the loan. Now, Nora's lender (Mr. Krogstad), despite her paying punctually, uses that fault as a fraud to pressure her so she could help him to keep his job in the Bank where her husband is going to be the manager. Nora finds out that Torvald would fire Mr. Krogstad at any cost. At learning this, Nora trembles for she knows Mr. Krogstad will tell everything to Torvald. She remains confident; however that Torvald will stand by her no matter what outcome. His reaction though is not what she expected and therefore here is when she realizes that she "must stand quite alone" and leaves her husband.
Kristine, Nora's childhood friend, is the wisdom and support Nora needs to grow up. Kristine is a woman who has been in the real world, unlike other wives of Torvald's friends. At the same time, Kristine is a friend from Nora's childhood, a person who she can tell her problems to and relate to in some way. Also, unlike everyone else who surrounds Nora, Kristine tells her the truth, she does not pamper her.
Nora is a dynamic character. When the play begins Nora is viewed and presented as a playful and carefree person. She seems to be more intent on shopping for frivolous things. But, as time goes on it becomes apparent that Nora actually has a certain amount of seriousness in her decisions and actions in dealing with the debt she incurred to save Torvald’s life. Nora’s openness in her friendship with Dr. Rank changes after he professes his affections toward her. Her restraint in dealing with him shows that Nora is a mature and intelligent woman. Nora shows courage, not seen previously, by manipulating her way around Krogstad and his threats to reveal her secret. After feeling betrayed by Torvald, Nora reveals that she is leaving him. Having
Nora and Kristine have lived contrasting lives and are very different women. Nora living the life of a richer woman and always have been taken care of whereas Kristine has always had to be the caretaker. Even from the beginning of the play it was apparent that the two have had different lives when Kristine makes a remark towards Nora arguing, “I have no father to give me travel money, Nora.” (Ibsen 1734). Stating this it is clear that the two women grew up with separate lives. Nora has always had anything she’s ever wanted. “ No, only lighthearted. And you’ve always been so kind to me. But our home’s been nothing but a playpen. I’ve been your doll-wife here, just as at home I was Papa’s doll-child. And in return the children have been my dolls, I thought it was fun when I played with them. That’s been our marriage, Torvald.” (Ibsen 1772). “ Don’t forget I had a helpless mother and two small brothers. We couldn’t wait for you, Nils; you had such a long road ahead of you
This is not about being nasty or nice – it is entirely about being achievement oriented by focusing on performance and organizational goals. Being achievement oriented, leaders have to recognize that they have to be mindful of and accountable for the choices they make because they are setting the model of what’s appropriate and inappropriate. Words matter, they are as much a form of expression for leaders as they are to poets, singers, and writers. According to Posner and Kouzes(p. 59) to be a leader, you got to awaken to the fact that you don’t have to copy someone else or follow a script and you don’t have to wear someone else’s style. Currently, there are an increasing number of women who are in leadership roles in the workplaces. It is a generally accepted as true that woman are supposed to use feminine ways of doing leadership. However, this is not always true. In some cases, women also use masculine ways of leadership. In this paper, Miranda Priestly illustrates how a female leader breaks traditional gender stereotypes and uses masculine leadership style.
Torvald is the only one in the family who works and provides for his family who needs to survive in their lifestyle. Because of this, Nora must always go and ask for money from Torvald, hoping for his acceptance of her using his income. Nora also had no possessions to her name because when a woman got married, all her possessions were considered under the control of her new husband.... ... middle of paper ...
A Doll House was a great play that showed women’s struggles. Nora dealt with the struggle of money and having to comply with the men in her life. Anne Marie had to deal with the struggles of making a mistake and sacrificing the most important thing to her for a better life and Ms. Linde spent most of her life sacrificing everything she deserved for the people she loved. These were models of the women for many centuries around the world. All of them showed great courage and selflessness for the one’s they loved. Ibsen made a great impact to women’s liberation by writing this play and allowing women to see that it was okay to fight for their rights. This play will be a great model for history for many years to come.
Nora engages in a mutually dependent game with Torvald in that she gains power in the relationship by being perceived as weak, yet paradoxically she has no real power or independence because she is a slave to the social construction of her gender. Her epiphany at the end at the play realises her and her marriage as a product of society, Nora comes to understand that she has been living with a constr...
Before, Nora had become objectified to a doll, but after she perceives herself as a human being, even exclaiming “I believe that before all else I am a reasonable human being” (Ibsen p. 78). Nora sees the way Torvald did not treat her as equal and now desires to be treated as such. Not only that but Nora’s stirrings of emotion caused her to discover that since Torvald was just like her father, she had no room to mature and become an independent woman. Ibsen explains “[if] I am to understand myself and everything about me. It is for that reason that I cannot remain with you any longer” (Ibsen p. 77). Staying with Torvald would serve no purpose to her character, so those desires became the foundation for Nora to go out and find out who she was as a human being. Nora ultimately squelches the female role within media that woman should be submissive to men by dismissing Torvald’s excuse “Are they not your duties to your husband and your children?” with a counter “Duties to myself” (Ibsen p. 78). Above all else, Nora is allowed to make her own decisions in life rather than stay chained to a man with the intent of objectifying and using her. With this feminist-like mindset, Nora estranged her family because she no longer wanted to be considered an object and to search for herself out in the
Three years prior, Nora’s friend, Kristine Linde, was left a widow and penniless. Mrs. Linde’s lot in life was to care for an ailing mother and her siblings, and since she was unable to find a suitable husband, she took whatever odd jobs she could find. Mrs. Linde tells Nora, “ The last three years have been like one endless workday without a rest for me”( 1145). In Act III, Nora and Helmer are in their bedroom after finding out they would not be exposed by Krogstad’s incrimating letter. Helmer is ready to retire for the evening and wonders why Nora is still dressed for going out. Nora speaks to Helmer in a serious manner, “ But our home has always been a playpen. I’ve been your doll-wife here, just as I was papa’s doll-child” ( Ibsen 285). Nora has been treated as property all her life and now she wants to find out if she can fend for
Throughout history, women have remained subordinate to men. Subjected to the patriarchal system that favored male perspectives, women struggled against having considerably less freedom, rights, and having the burdens society placed on them that had been so ingrained the culture. This is the standpoint the feminists took, and for almost 160 years they have been challenging the “unjust distribution of power in all human relations” starting with the struggle for equality between men and women, and linking that to “struggles for social, racial, political, environmental, and economic justice”(Besel 530 and 531). Feminism, as a complex movement with many different branches, has and will continue to be incredibly influential in changing lives.
Why has this book become so popular in rapid time? Why are women flocking to buy the book and why are they talking about it with their friends? More importantly, why was I a part of the craze? These are all valid questions I would like to find answers to. In my opinion, the book negatively portrays women, and yet women, and some men, are still reading it. It is alarming that so many readers are blinded by the message of the book because they are so wrapped in the content. This is why I find the book worth studying. In order to find answers to my questions, I will look to feminist criticism to better understand my topic.