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Describe fear of death
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Death is the quintessential personal experience that brings with it a myriad of emotions depending on age, culture, and various social factors such as religious or spiritual beliefs, cultural norms, and geography, to name a few (Committee on Approaching Death). Sooner or later, we all must face the inevitability of our mortality. For most of us, death is not sudden; rather, death will come gradually through the process of one or more diseases for which there is no curative solution. According to psychologist Steve Taylor, Ph.D., the fear of death creates an anxiety and unease which is coined Terror Theory. This theory suggests that when death is not imminent, the subconscious fear leads to behaviors such as status-seeking or strongly defending the values of our culture. “We feel threatened by death and so seek security and significance to defend ourselves against it.” Nonetheless, Taylor states that this is not necessarily the case when we are finally faced with death as a reality and not as an abstract thought that is a distant event. For many with whom death is an imminent reality, Taylor suggests that such a situation becomes a paradoxically positive experience. Taylor’s interviews with people facing terminal diseases and near death experiences led him to what he coined …show more content…
In the United States at least, patients have the legal right to draft advanced directives that no extraordinary measures be employed by health care professionals to sustain a patient’s life. In particular, the Do Not Resuscitate Comfort Care (DNRCC) is a legal document where a dying person receives any care that eases pain and suffering in the final days of life, but no resuscitative measures to save or sustain life (Do Not Resuscitate Orders and Comfort Care). While the most conservative of end of life procedures, there are fundamental flaws that have been there since its
The boundaries of right to die with dignity are hard to determine. Keeping the terminal patient comfortable is the purpose of comfort care, however there could be a very thin line between what we consider terminal sedation and euthanasia. In theory, comfort care is quite different from euthanasia. Keeping the patient comfortable and letting the nature take its course is at the core of comfort measures (Gamliel, 2012). Yet, the line between keeping comfortable and facilitating death is often blurry. Euthanasia refers to the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering (Gamliel, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to highlight the ethical issue of keeping comfortable vs. hastening death, and the ethical principles involved. Facilitating or hastening death is considered unethical or even illegal.
Currently, in the United States, 12% of states including Vermont, Oregon, and California have legalized the Right to Die. This ongoing debate whether or not to assist in death with patients who have terminal illness has been and is still far from over. Before continuing, the definition of Right to Die is, “an individual who has been certified by a physician as having an illness or physical condition which can be reasonably be expected to result in death in 24 months or less after the date of the certification” (Terminally Ill Law & Legal Definition 1). With this definition, the Right to die ought to be available to any person that is determined terminally ill by a professional, upon this; with the request of Right to Die, euthanasia must be
Terminally ill patients deserve the right to have a dignified death. These patients should not be forced to suffer and be in agony their lasting days. The terminally ill should have this choice, because it is the only way to end their excruciating pain. These patients don’t have
One of the greatest dangers facing chronic and terminally ill patients is the grey area regarding PAS. In the Netherlands, there are strict criteria for the practice of PAS. Despite such stringencies, the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs (1992) found 28% of the PAS cases in the Netherlands did not meet the criteria. The evidence suggests some of the patient’s lives may have ended prematurely or involuntarily. This problem can be addressed via advance directives. These directives would be written by competent individuals explaining their decision to be aided in dying when they are no longer capable of making medical decisions. These interpretations are largely defined by ones morals, understanding of ethics, individual attitudes, religious and cultural values.
The autonomy of a competent patient is an issue not often debated in medical ethics. Refusal of unwanted treatment is a basic right, likened to the common law of battery, available to all people capable of a competent choice. These fundamental rules of medical ethics entered a completely new forum as medical technology developed highly effective life-sustaining care during the 20th century. Several watershed cases elucidated these emerging issues in the 1960’s and 70’s, none more effectively than that of Karen Ann Quinlan. Fundamentally, this case established that a once-competent patient without the possibility of recovery could have their autonomy exercised by a surrogate in regard to the refusal of life-sustaining treatment. This decision had a profound effect on medical ethics, including treatment of incompetent patients in end-of-life situations, creation of advance directives, physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and active euthanasia.
As a result, life-sustaining procedures such as ventilators, feeding tubes, and treatments for infectious and terminal diseases are developing. While these life-sustaining methods have positively influenced modern medicine, they also inadvertently cause terminal patients extensive pain and suffering. Previous to the development of life-sustaining procedures, many people died in the care of their own home, however, today the majority of Americans take their last breath lying in a hospital bed. As the advancement of modern medicine continues, physicians and patients are going to encounter life-altering trials and tribulations. Arguably, the most controversial debate in modern medicine is the discussion of the ethical choice for physician-assisted suicide.
The care of patients at the end of their live should be as humane and respectful to help them cope with the accompanying prognosis of the end of their lives. The reality of this situation is that all too often, the care a patient receives at the end of their life is quite different and generally not performed well. The healthcare system of the United States does not perform well within the scope of providing the patient with by all means a distress and pain free palliative or hospice care plan. To often patients do not have a specific plan implemented on how they wish to have their end of life care carried out for them. End of life decisions are frequently left to the decision of family member's or physicians who may not know what the patient needs are beforehand or is not acting in the patient's best wishes. This places the unenviable task of choosing care for the patient instead of the patient having a carefully written out plan on how to carry out their final days. A strategy that can improve the rate of care that patients receive and improve the healthcare system in general would be to have the patient create a end of life care plan with their primary care physician one to two years prior to when the physician feels that the patient is near the end of their life. This would put the decision making power on the patient and it would improve the quality of care the patient receives when they are at the end of their life. By developing a specific care plan, the patient would be in control of their wishes on how they would like their care to be handled when the time of death nears. We can identify strengths and weakness with this strategy and implement changes to the strategy to improve the overall system of care with...
As patients come closer to the end of their lives, certain organs stop performing as well as they use to. People are unable to do simple tasks like putting on clothes, going to the restroom without assistance, eat on our own, and sometimes even breathe without the help of a machine. Needing to depend on someone for everything suddenly brings feelings of helplessness much like an infant feels. It is easy to see why some patients with terminal illnesses would seek any type of relief from this hardship, even if that relief is suicide. Euthanasia or assisted suicide is where a physician would give a patient an aid in dying. “Assisted suicide is a controversial medical and ethical issue based on the question of whether, in certain situations, Medical practioners should be allowed to help patients actively determine the time and circumstances of their death” (Lee). “Arguments for and against assisted suicide (sometimes called the “right to die” debate) are complicated by the fact that they come from very many different points of view: medical issues, ethical issues, legal issues, religious issues, and social issues all play a part in shaping people’s opinions on the subject” (Lee). Euthanasia should not be legalized because it is considered murder, it goes against physicians’ Hippocratic Oath, violates the Controlled
Intro : Introduce the concept of death, and how the concept of death is shown to be something to be feared
Death is part of the circle of life and it's the end of your time on earth; the end of your time with your family and loved ones. Nobody wants to die, leaving their family and missing the good times your loved ones will have once you pass on. In the Mercury Reader, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross “On the Fear of Death” and Joan Didion “Afterlife” from The Year of Magical Thinking” both share common theses on death and grieving. Didion and Kübler-Ross both explain grieving and dealing with death. Steve Jobs commencement speech for Stanford’s graduation ceremony and through personal experience jumps further into death and how I feel about it. Your time is on earth is limited one day you will die and there are many ways of grieving at the death of a loved one. I believe that the fear of death and the death of a loved one will hold you back from living your own life and the fear of your own death is selfish.
Although, “patients have the right to avoid the terminal palliative care patient being subjected to unnecessary tests, hospitalization, intensive monitoring, and resuscitation procedure.” In many countries of the world, do-not-resuscitate (DNR) policy is well founded in end-of-life care” ( Menanti, Bidhu, 2015). Although one the most difficult decisions confronting people at the end of life are those about discontinuing life-extending treatment. Frequently, in the course of caring for a critically ill person, it may become apparent that further intervention will only prolong the dying process and not improve quality of
Death is the one great certainty in life. Some of us will die in ways out of our control, and most of us will be unaware of the moment of death itself. Still, death and dying well can be approached in a healthy way. Understanding that people differ in how they think about death and dying, and respecting those differences, can promote a peaceful death and a healthy manner of dying.
I was very excited to take Death and Dying as a college level course. Firstly, because I have always had a huge interest in death, but it coincides with a fear surrounding it. I love the opportunity to write this paper because I can delve into my own experiences and beliefs around death and dying and perhaps really establish a clear personal perspective and how I can relate to others in a professional setting.
Do not attempt resuscitate (DNAR) or Allow Natural Death (AND) is a legal document issued and signed by the doctor with the approval of the patient or the surrogate to the medical team (Public Guardian) to not attempt CPR if the patient’s heart stops beating. According to American Nurses Association, “Clinical nurses ensure that DNR orders are clearly documented, reviewed, and updated periodically to reflect changes in the patient's condition” (Joint Commission, 2012). Since Ms. Long is unable to make decisions, and the public guardian has not made any decision on her behalf, the nurse will initiates cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when the client has no pulse or respirations. In the situation where the patient’s wishes and that of the public guardian is unknown, the patient’s interest is utmost important to keep her alive The DNAR is only feasible when the health care provider has discussed with the public guardian and the provider writes a “do not attempt resuscitate” (DNAR) prescription in the client’s medical record. In addition, Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice (2010) supports nursing care that protects patient autonomy, dignity, and rights, as well as nursing care that contributes to the resolution of ethical issues. Nurses have an ethical obligation to support patients in their choices, and, when
Death is something that causes fear in many peoples lives. People will typically try to avoid the conversation of death at all cost. The word itself tends to freak people out. The thought of death is far beyond any living person’s grasp. When people that are living think about the concept of death, their minds go to many different places. Death is a thing that causes pain in peoples lives, but can also be a blessing.