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Stalin rule in Russia
Stalins rise to power and Stalins policy
Stalin rule in Russia
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To first write a paper on Absolute Monarchy, we must first understand what it is. Absolute Monarchy is when a person or a system takes complete control with no rules or restrictions on their decisions. Usually most people in leadership neglect outside advice. This type of ruling is known for getting what they want with no excuses. They use manipulation to rise to power and then use people to achieve their goals. When it comes to Absolute Monarchy, almost all rationality and sensitive thinking goes out the window and many irrational choices are made. We can see a few examples through the Nazis in Germany, Fascism, and Stalin’s use of terror. The first example of irrational thinking due to Absolute Monarchy are the ways Hitler wanted to take …show more content…
Fascism is known for having no peace, and war is their only way of thinking. We see this from Benito Mussolini when he organized the Fascist Party in 1919. He recruited unemployed ex-soldiers and had rich businessmen fund the party. Mussolini wanted national power and even though he was only dubbed prime minister, he was the unchallenged ruler of Italy. He only thing in his way was the Catholic Church. To keep the church at bay and get the church on his side he made it mandatory for schools to have religious instruction, made the Vatican City an independent state, and made the Roman Catholic Church the religion on the nation. Mussolini only did things to gain support but not to benefit others. Through everything he did, Mussolini was no where near ever establishing total control. Where as most other Monarchs took control of other countries, Mussolini was obsessed with taking over his …show more content…
In 1921, Stalin, Trotsky, and Lenin became the figureheads of the Soviet Union. Stalin was given the role of General Secretary of the Communist Party which allowed him to build loyalty with the Communist party. In 1928 Stalin got his big break and took over the Soviet Union. He believed that the Union could not survive unless being modernized. He wanted to change everything so fast that twenty-million people died from exhaustion, overwork, and starvation. Stalin pushed so hard that it put everyone in a financial crisis. Lands were taken from people and if they opposed the people were put into prison camps. Many people fought back and caught their land on fire which put the Soviet Union into agricultural depression. Because of the uprising and standing up for what they believed in millions of more people died because starvation. Stalin tried to make it look like he had everything under control by posting pictures of well-fed and happy workers with green lands. Some countries believed his efforts whereas others saw the loss of human lives in what it took to
When Stalin became leader of the USSR the quality of life and standard of living dropped considerably. For instance the people had no personal freedom. Meaning that they had to worship Stalin as all other religions had been abolished and most churches had been demolished. The people who went into those churches that were left standing were arrested or punished otherwise. Soon there were food shortages. Somewhere between 1932 and 1933 over 6 million people died of starvation. This was the greatest man made famine in history. The famine came as a result of Stalin’s unrealistic goals . Also, people had poor family lives. Abortions came a dime a dozen as did divorces. Wedding rings were banned. There was insufficient housing, as some people had to live in tents. This may be because of workers not working hard enough. Maybe if the workers worked harder they could have received better housing.
According to the text book, an absolute monarch is a king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society (McDougall little, 1045). In more simple terms, it is a ruler who can do just about anything without having to get permission from anyone, or having to worry about the repercussions. This was a trend that started in the 1600’s by European leaders who were rich, and didn’t like to be told what to do. These conflicts arose with the States-General in France, or Parliament in England who had substantial control. The first countries to have absolute rulers were the traditionally strong countries, such as England, Spain, and of course Louis XIV’s France.
He implemented a tremendous amount of forced labor camps, called the GULAG. These camps were where citizens would go to serve time for their crimes. If a peasant was caught stealing anything, arriving late to work three times, or making jokes about high ranking Communist officials, they would be sent off to the concentration camps to serve as punishment (“Gulag”). These camps and strict policies were a large part of the reason that Stalin was considered to be so feared. No one every opposed him or tried to revolt because of his reputation for being so
Fascism is one of the great political ideology in the 20th century. It is a kind of authoritarian government that, according to Wikipedia, “considers the individual subordinate to the interests of the state, party or society as a whole.” Two of the most successful and to be in the vanguard of fascism government is Italian fascism – led by Benito Mussolini, and Nazi Germany – led by Adolf Hitler. Fascism in Italy and Germany, though in many regards very similar - have the same political ideologies, still have many aspects to them that make them different from each other.
In 1922, Benito Mussolini held leadership in Italy, promising a proficient and militaristic nationalistic state. During his control as prime minister, he gained a large group of followers, banned the disparagement of government, and used extreme violence against his enemies within the parliament. According to Oppenheimer, Adolf Hitler idolized Mussolini’s rise and respected his tactics to gain power. Hitler was a violent leader who brought For example, “corporatism” largely contributed to later policies that we still practice today.
Since the beginning of the sixteenth century, Western Europe experienced multiple types of rulers which then led to the belief that rulers should be a combination of leadership types. Some rulers were strong, some weak, and some were considered to rule as tyrants. All of these were versions of absolutism which gave kings absolute power over their provinces and countries. Over time kings began to believe that their supreme power was given to them by God in a belief known as Divine Right. The people looked at Divine Right kings as those who would incorporate God’s will into their politics; however, many kings took this power and turned it into tyrannical opportunities. By the time the seventeenth century came around, kings continued to believe in Divine Right and absolute power which continued to create many tyrannical kings and caused many of the people to begin to fight the king’s power by granting some rights to the people. These uprisings led to more people believing that they have certain rights that the king cannot ignore. By the eighteenth century, many rulers started to combine their absolute power with including the newly granted rights of the people. The belief also shifted from Divine Right to one that the people gave the king his power which led to kings like Frederick II of Prussia to rule with his people’s interests in mind.
European Monarchs used absolute monarchy to gain full control over their people. The divine right theory instilled the idea that those who were not under a monarchical government were disobeying God’s command. The idea, as a result, inculcated fear amongst the people. The effects differed depending on how the monarch used their power.
In the beginning Josef Stalin was a worshiper of his beloved Vladimir Lenin. He followed his every move and did as he said to help establish and lead the Bolshevik party. Much of the early part of his political career was lost due to his exile to Siberia for most of World War I. It wasn’t until 1928, when he assumed complete control of the country were he made most of his success. After Lenin’s death in January 1924, Stalin promoted his own cult followings along with the cult followings of the deceased leader. He took over the majority of the Socialists now, and immediately began to change agriculture and industry. He believed that the Soviet Union was one hundred years behind the West and had to catch up as quickly as possible. First though he had to seal up complete alliance to himself and his cause.
Fascism is a form of counter-revolutionary politics that first arose in the early part of the twentieth-century in Europe. It was a response to the rapid social and political changes brought about by the devastation of World War I and the spread of socialism and communism. The name fascism originated in Italy. The term comes from the Italian word fascio, which referred to the names of radical new social and political organizations. “Fascism is a philosophy or a system of government that advocates or exercises a dictatorship of the extreme right, typically through the merging of state and business leadership, together with an ideology of aggressive nationalism”(Baradat pg.850). In other words, fascism is a form government that emphasizes a nation or particular race to rule over all other nations or races, simply because they are different. The fascism ideology will even use violent means to accomplish their goals and maintain the loyalty toward the fascist group. “Fascism approaches politics in two central areas, populist and elitist. Populist in that it seeks to activate “the people” as a whole against noticed enemies and to create a nation of unity. An elitist approach because fascism works by putting the people’s will on one select group, or most often one supreme leader, from whom all power precedes downward.”(Lyons pg.10)
It supports a totalitarian single-party state. Unlike Marxism, Fascism does not believe that class conflict can bring about a change, instead fascism believes that class conflict can hurt the integrity of a country. Fascism emerged in Italy in the 20th century to stop the rapidly growing workers movement which was pushing up wages and threatening revolution. Led by Mussolini they were funded by various wealthy big businesses (the rich minority) in order to smash picket lines and attack left-wing
"The manner in which Mussolini and the Fascist Party gained possession of the government was regarded in most foreign circles as an illegal act of violence." (3) As the nation of Italy began to suffer great debts, Mussolini had been summoned by the King to form a government to aid in the economic needs. This marked the birth of the Fascist Party in Italy. In the beginning of his rise to the top, Mussolini was popular amongst his people. His popularity was high, and people began to trust in his judgment and ideas. (4) He was, in essence, saving the people from the turmoil that had ensued the nat...
In this context, an absolute monarch would be revolve around a single leader (usually a king) that would make decisions without the assistance of the aristocracy, such as a the nobility, the parliament, or other organizations that include the interest of wealthy families or government officials. In this case, the king would act alone in deciding the political, economic, and military decisions of the people, which would illustrate the absolute power that is wielded by the individual making the decisions. This governmental interpretation of the term “absolute” defines how a king would rule without the interference or inhibitions of an aristocracy or democratic form of government. Of course, the realization of this type o government can be better explained through the context of the absolute monarchy in France, which was founded in the leadership of king Louis
After establishing himself as Lenin’s successor, Stalin ruthlessly increased his power and pushed forward with all his policies. What resulted was an extreme totalitarian dictatorship. Stalin imposed his stamp on Russia. He employed greater control over the communist party, and to guarantee its longevity, he unleashed a flood of fear and coercion which had never been seen before. He eliminated any threats to his position via the NKVD and the purges which resulted in the death of millions of soviet people. This also enabled him to proceed with his major economic changes in the form of collectivisation and industrialisation through three, Five Year Plans. These plans were merely reactivating the earlier ideas and policies of the Bolsheviks, policies which Stalin had condemned Trotsky to exile.
The King must rule in an Absolute state to have a country ruled the way that God wants it. Absolutism is also a good way to rule if it is not religious based. This is because a King has a paternal instinct toward his subjects in Absolutism. A King also has an instinct to do what is right for his subjects and country, according to Filmer. An Absolute State is an ideal way to rule because it benefits the monarch.
Benito Mussolini created a group of fascists to represent a means to stop the socialists and the communists coming into his nation. Mussolini also wanted to eliminate conflict between employers and workers, by using the corporate state. All were to work for the common good, and trade unions or strikes were forbidden. Every profession had its own corporate branch, and all problems were to be solved through negotiation. This may seem very democratic or reasonable, however the fascist state controlled the issues of the negotiating sides, wages were very low and so were the living standards.