ExploringHow Practical Considerations Outweighed Ideology in German Foreign Policy

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ExploringHow Practical Considerations Outweighed Ideology in German Foreign Policy

Practical considerations can be described as reaction to circumstances

and in this case this could occur due to a lack or even the failing of

ideology. The reason behind this ideology failure was most probably

due to a lack of military might or international allies. Ideology can

be understood to mean an organized set of ideas and ideals intended to

deal with problems and perhaps also to bring about changes.

Fascism becomes possible when a certain degree of industrialization

has created a literate, though not particularly sophisticated public.

The control of the press and the use of propaganda is essential. The

presence of a significant middle class, increased employment, the

building of a large military force, is also essential. Fascism does

not hesitate to resort to war to accomplish national goals.

When Benito Mussolini came to power as Prime Minister in 1922 his

ideology generally was based around three things, making Italy great,

respected and feared. This was most likely devised from the historic

past of the Roman Empire. Some may say this was a bold and unrealistic

base to form a personal ideology however to Mussolini this was an

important tool to gather support from all sections of the Italian

population especially in the early years of the fascist government.

However these seemed like nothing more than a set of loose goals,

without taking into consideration the circumstances. This could

explain his need to derive immediate power within Italy and influence

across Europe.

In his first speech as Prime Minister to the Chamber of Deputies

M...

... middle of paper ...

...uments on reasoning behind

Mussolini’s policies and actions. DE Felice, who sees Fascism as a

revolutionary phenomenon’ which aimed at the ‘mobilization of the

masses and the creation of a new kind of man’ claimed that this could

not be accomplished by domestic policies so the Ethiopian War was a

new drive and therefore a success. On the other hand Mack smith argues

that the purpose of Mussolini’s foreign policy was to bolster his

prestige. Some historians remain unconvinced and believe that

Mussolini’s expansionism was genuine and equivalent to Hitler’s

pursuit of Lebensraum.

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[1] European Dictatorships 1918-1945 – Stephen J. Lee

[2] European Dictatorships 1918-1945 – Stephen J. Lee

[3] European Dictatorships 1918-1945 – Stephen J. Lee

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