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How do strategies to reduce crime help
Can the police reduce crime essay
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Some neighborhoods experience low or no crime at all. In these neighborhoods the same approach is used by police agencies Stable neighborhood, stable single family and stable apartments. The approach used is "simple visibility" (Hoover, 2014) In these neighborhoods residents rarely even think about crime, but do notice when things are out of place and in most cases report them as simply something that should be checked by the police. Residents do want to see police presence in these neighborhoods and in some cases it requires police commanders to remind their patrols that they need to have the occasional police presence in these neighborhoods to ensure that criminals are aware that these areas are not forgotten. Another approach is involving apartment …show more content…
(Katz, Webb, & Schaefer, 2001). Officers were not used for calls for service and remained in the targeted areas. These officers were called "neighborhood response team officers" (Hoover, 2014) These officers used bicycles and unmarked vehicles for surveillance of drug trafficking, prostitution, gang activity and suspicious persons. "Saturation patrol" (Hoover, 2014) or flooding the area with officers. In extreme cases were the officers want to take back the streets they had to be careful not to mandate zero tolerance crackdowns were even the smallest of crimes were enforced. The risk was victimizing the victims. The best strategy was surgical zero tolerance, were the more serious crimes were targeted. Finally this approach included "interactive programs" (Hoover, 2014) which included apartment management and ownership. Agencies discovered that most of the apartment complexes were not owned by locals but but outside ownership. In some cases these owners were not willing to cooperate with the police for fear of retaliation from the
...g, Critical, Peacemaking, Life Course and Strain theories could also be used to explain crime in these neighborhoods. According to Emile Durkheim, mores are different depending on the type of community. On a spectrum, from organic or the lower socio-economic neighborhood to mechanical or the well-structured community in this case Chestnut Hill. In a mechanical society, there is greater cohesion, sharing common values or goals. As could be expected, crime is predicted to be higher in more organic the community is.
According to Kelling, Pate, Dieckman, & Brown (1974), patrol is the “backbone” of police work. This belief is based around the premise that the mere presence of police officers on patrol prohibits criminal activity. Despite increasing budgets and the availability of more officers on the streets, crime rates still rose with the expanding metropolitan populations (Kelling et al., 1974). A one year experiment to determine the effectiveness of routine preventive patrol would be conducted, beginning on the first day of October 1972, and ending on the last day of September 1973.
...ts of that area feels unsecured and unprotected. They know that if there is more police out on their neighborhood, the chances of something happening and the police quickly responding are big. On the other hand if there is little police and a crime is committee, the residents know, that the police are going to prioritized the calls that are more urgent and may take hours for the police to respond to that specific crime scene. I think this also sometimes discourages people from calling the police department when they need help.
...ake away the broken windows effect. I am also positive no police officers patrol the area because of danger to them. If they start to patrol that neighborhood it greater volume they could potentially stop the gangs and crime.
confront smaller jurisdiction with limited police resources, a fractured neighborhood or a single residential streets where neighbors do not know each other and rarely communicate” (qtd. in Dean 1).
Unemployment in the city limits further feeds the belly of poverty. Unemployment rates for Richmond in August 2013 were 8.2% (United States Department of Labor, 2013). These rates represent only those that are documented as unemployed and does not consider the “under employed” as they may be working but not getting paid for a full work week. These unemployment rates would likely be higher if they were accurate and all inclusive of the unemployed in Richmond. The unemployment rate for the entire state of Virginia was reported at 5.8% in August 2013 (United States Department of Labor). The unemployment rate is related to education. There are not enough good paying jobs to support those who did not finish basic high school. There are not enough good paying jobs to reach citizens of the city that do not have adequate transportation.
Hot spot policing is based on the idea that some criminal activities occur in particular areas of a city. According to researchers crime is not spread around the city instead is concentrated in small places where half of the criminal activities occur (Braga chapter 12). Also, many studies has demonstrated that hot spots do show significant positive results suggesting that when police officers put their attention on small high crime geographic areas they can reduce criminal activities ( Braga, papachristo & hureau I press). According to researchers 50% of calls that 911 center received are usually concentrated in less than 5% of places in a city (Sherman, Gartin, & Buerger, 1989; Weisburd, Bushway, Lum, &Yang, 2004). That is the action of crime is often at the street and not neighborhood level. Thus police can target sizable proportion of citywide crime by focusing in on small number of high crime places (see Weisburd & Telep, 2010). In a meta-analysis of experimental studies, authors found significant benefits of the hot spots approach in treatment compared to control areas. They concluded that fairly strong evidence shows hot spots policing is an effective crime prevention strategy (Braga (007) .Importantly, there was little evidence to suggest that spatial displacement was a major concern in hot spots interventions. Crime did not simply shift from hot spots to nearby areas (see also Weisburd et al., 2006).
Another police strategy similar in nature to that of hotspot policing is the police crackdown. Police crackdowns are “sudden increases in officer presence, sanctions, and threats of apprehension either for specific offenses or for all offenses in specific places” (Sherman, 1990, p. 1). Police crackdowns became popular in the 1980’s and have been used to combat crimes such as impaired driving, domestic battery, drug sales, prostitution, traffic offenses and various other criminal activity (Sherman, 1990).
The Political Era of policing occurred in the early 1800’s and lasted until the 1930’s, and was under the direct influence of the local government and politicians. There were benefits of political influence; police departments began to develop intimate relationships within their communities offering a wide array of services to citizens. For example, the police worked soup kitchens and provided temporary housing for immigrants searching for work (Peak, 2015). In addition to providing an array of services to the community, officers were integrated into neighborhoods, which helped to prevent and contain riots. Typically, officers were assigned to neighborhoods where they lived or had the same ethnic background. Police departments
Unfocused and indiscriminate enforcement actions will produce poor relationships between the police and community members residing in areas. Law enforcement should adopt alternative approaches to controlling problem areas, tracking hot persons, and preventing crime in problem regions. Arresting criminal offenders is the main police function and one of the most valuable tools in an array of responses to crime plagued areas, however hot spots policing programs infused with community and problem oriented policing procedures hold great promise in improving police and community relations in areas suffering from crime and disorder problems and developing a law enforcement service prepared to protect its nation from an act of
Wilson, J.Q., & Kelling, G. (1982). Broken windows: The police and neighborhood safety. Atlantic Monthly March: 29-38.
Crime Analysis has many benefits to the community. Community engagement, targeted initiatives, strategic use of resources, and data-driven decision-making contribute to decreasing crime. Crime prevention and community satisfaction with police services, while linked to the number of officers on the streets, does not depend entirely on the visibility of patrol officers. Community engagement, targeted initiatives, strategic use of resources, and data-driven decision-making contribute to decreasing crime. So in closing I believe that departments that take the positive elements of foot patrols and combine their efforts with crime analysis that focuses on the time, location, and type of crime, may use the findings to develop strategies to decrease crime and enhance the quality of life in their communities.
Living in a dangerous neighborhood can be alarming. Especially as young teenagers we are always told to not to talk to anyone in the street or to not be out too late. Parents are constantly reminding us to be safe but not everyone listens. Not listening to your parents can lead bad consequences. Speaking from experience, I got into a bad situation for not following what my parents told me about safety. Now I am more aware of my surroundings, but I still can not forget the day I learned my lesson.
Situational crime prevention reduces the opportunities for criminals to commit crime by making changes to or altering the environment with the assistance of the police, neighbors and other agencies (Worrall, 2008). The main theories of situational crime prevention are: environmental crime prevention, rational offender perspective, and routine activities (Worrall, 2008). Environmental crime prevention basically states that four elements must be present for a crime to occur: a target, a place (opportunity), a law, and an offender. Environmental crime prevention is designed to prevent people from breaking the law by altering street and building designs, or altering the environment to make it safer (Worrall, 2008). An example of this that is used by law enforcement is to place a sign at the public trash dumpsters informing the public that the area is being videotaped. This method is used to alter the publi...
Neighborhood watch is one of the most popular and widely used community crime prevention programs in the world. It is estimated that around 41% of United States neighborhood watch programs cover neighborhoods. Neighborhood watch originated out of Seattle, Washington and then spread continuously throughout the United States and United Kingdom (Bennett, Holloway, Farrington, 2...