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When facing the truth, often the mind cannot comprehend events that are dear to you and your beliefs. In The Turn of the Screw, Henry James’s critically acclaimed novella, he presents a point of view that provides visuals and insight into the narrator’s mind. The story fundamentally deals with supernatural forces. However, through different interpretations, the reliability of the narrator can be questioned. Her own confessions thought process and concrete that is hidden by Henry James. When the book was published during the Victorian era, little to no emphasis was based on the idea of mental health. The majority of readers claimed this as a ghost story with nothing more. When researched and analyzed, it is clear that the story is a mentally …show more content…
When the governess first arrives at Bly, her incapability of realizing that these two children are not hers, led her to be defensive when threatened by the ghost she was seeing. When the governess first encountered a sighting with flora by the lake, it can be seen as an example of this. “No, for God’s sake don’t! She’ll say she isn’t – she’ll lie!” (James 157). When asked by Mrs. Grose if she should confront flora and confirm the sighting, the governess rejects this idea, because in her mind she believes that Flora is her child, she believes her motherly instinct will protect flora, but in reality, she feels Flora will reject her. Victorian women were seen just as stereotypical house mothers, who lived only to serve as caretakers. In the case of the governess, this was her livelihood, which along with a lack …show more content…
Her memory of these events is a justified version of what she believes happened. This may alter the truth in her narration, leading to question the credibility of the source. According to Antonio Damasio, a comparable construct of dynamic memory may be fundamental in establishing human consciousness, which is a process that is linked to two stages known as "autobiographical self". This includes “core self” which creates an autobiographical identity which emerges through a special kind of story. This initial stage both enhances the awareness of the imagery of the “temporal and spatial context” and imposition of an experiential perspective. An instant projection made over and over which is the sense of the self in the act of knowing. This means that the governess reflecting her past, may have led to memory alteration, and what the readers are exposed to, is far from the truth. “That is, consciousness, seemingly a collection of disparate mental projects- thinking, daydreaming, planning, observing, as well as what we usually think of as remembering- occurs in the conjunction with the continuous reproduction of the “self”, or the unifying perspective that lends each separate construction its coherence.” (85). Perhaps her mental illness may have led to hearing needing an identity, along with the times she lived in, she projected her own fears onto the children, as a way to feel a sense of "self". Henry James used a
The Screwtape Letters are a fictional series of letters compiled into a book and written by the highly acclaimed apologist and author, C.S. Lewis. The Letters discuss topics such as salvation, the Christian lifestyle, depression, love, and many other subjects that are pivotal to the way we live, think, and interact with others and the world around us. Nearly the entire book’s perspective is given to us by Screwtape, a senior demon who corresponds with his nephew, Wormwood, to mentor him on the damning of his charge. Wormwood’s task is to tempt a man living in 1960’s
The Turn of the Screw by Henry James continues to stir up an immense amount of controversy for such a short novel. Making a definite, educated decision on the actual truth considering the countless inquiries that develop while reading this story proves more difficult than winning a presidential election. That being understood, taking one particular side on any argument from a close reading of the story seems impossible, because the counter argument appears just as conceivable. Any side of the controversy remains equally disputable considerably supported by textual evidence from the novel. One issue which, like the rest, can be answered in more than one ways is why Mrs. Grose believes the Governess when she tells her about her ghost encounters. Usually one would second-guess such outlandish stories as the ones that the governess shares throughout the story, yet Mrs. Grose is very quick to believe our borderline-insane narrator. One of the explanations for such behavior could be the underlying fact that Mrs. Grose and the governess have a similar socio-economic background, therefore making them somewhat equals even if the governess does not always seem to think that way. This fact makes them susceptible to trusting and believing each other, and to believing that the ghosts are there, for the people that the ghosts are presenting used to be servants and therefore from a similar socio-economic background. To add on to that, Bruce Robbins proposes in his Marxist criticism of The Turn of the Screw that the idea of a ghost is synonymous to that of a servant, subconsciously making the two lower-class workers of Bly more vulnerable to believe that the ghosts were real; in other words, servants we...
The existence of the ghosts in The Turn of the Screw has always been in debate. Instead of directly discussing whether the ghosts are real or not, this essay will focus on the reliability of the governess, the narrator of the story. After making a close examination of her state of mind while she is at Bly, readers of The Turn of the Screw will have many more clues to ponder again and to decide to what extent the governess can be believed. While critics like Heilman argue that there are problems with the interpretation that the governess was psychopathic, textual evidence incorporated with scientific research show that the governess did go through a period of psychical disorder that caused her insomnia, out of which she created hallucinations.
As humans, we can’t help but to jump to conclusions, but the governess’s assumptions are too misguided and are taken too far without substantial proof. When she first arrives at Bly, she automatically infers that Ms. Grose, although not showing any hint of it, is relieved that the governess is there and simply “wish[es] not to show it” (7). This could be the case, or, as it would seem to any sane person, Ms. Grose could just be unmoved by the governess’s arrival. Her second assumption with Ms. Grose is when they agree on one thing and the governess assumes that “on every question [they should] be quite at one” (9). Some people can hope that a person may have similar ideas to them, but they wouldn’t expect to agree on everything all the time. People understand that we all have different views, but obviously the governess does not. Then, the governess goes on to guess that Miles got kicked out of school because “he’s an injury to others” (11). She has no specific proof that shows he was kicked out for any reason but she is quick to make the inference. She hasn’t talked to the school, the uncle, or even Miles himself to find out what happened, but instead goes along with her own imagination. She also makes many assumptions about the ghost when she hasn’t even been talking to them. She deduces the ghost of Peter Quint “was looking for Miles” but she only had a feeling to base that off of
Screwtape is an older demon who is trying to turn his nephew, Wormwood, away from the Enemy and to the father. In The Screwtape Letters, the enemy is God and the Father is Satan. C.S Lewis does this to draw attention to the story. A book coming from a devils point of view is much more interesting than a book coming from an angel’s point of view (Dr.Chisholm). The point of this essay is to compare my beliefs to Screwtape’s and see how they are similar.
In the governess's last attempt to consume the children for herself, she sends Ms. Grose away with the sickly Flora and keeps Miles with her at Bly. After her last vision of Quint and with Miles dilapidated in her ineludable arms, the governess frightens Miles so that he collapses and dies, by the governess's conniving will, and to her own bane. Although the governess seemed to have good intentions, her root of mind was self-serving and deceptive.
All in all, the Screwtape Letters is a noteworthy book that can give Christian an insight to temptation, and may allow them to find their own weakness in temptation and how they can heal themselves and ovoid temptations, or how to stray from them and to God. This book helped me to explore my inner faith and personally helped me to understand my position in how I can ovoid the devil’s tricks and how to grow closer to God. Although C.S. Lewis intended this book to mostly fictional, it still helps one realize their faults or how they are being tricked into growing away from their faith in ways one could explain and understand.
...eives nothing from the children. It should be obvious to the reader at this point that the children are obviously in no way doing any wrong and are telling the truth to the best of their knowledge. The continual obsession of the governess over maintaining the protection and innocence of the children gets so severe that it causes Flora to come down with a serious fever and Miles grows seemingly weaker and sicker without his sister there with her.
In the famous novel, The Turn of the Screw, Henry James tells a story of a governess who
The governess sees a woman on the other side of the lake and jumps to the conclusion that Flora has seen her and is choosing to act like she didn’t. The child was playing with a boat and had her back turned to the lake. Why would she think that she had to have seen her? There is no proof and does not even ask the child if she saw anything. She automatically assumes it’s Miss Jessel, the previous governess who died and that she is after Flora. She tells her story to Mrs. Grose drawing her in more deeply into believing her crazy hallucinations and Mrs. Grose asks her if she is sure its Miss Jessel and the governess replies “Then ask Flora—she’s sure!” and then immediately comes back to say “no, for God’s sake don’t! She’ll say she isn’t—she’ll lie” ((James 30). She comes to the conclusion that the child will lie about it when there is no reason to suspect that she would. Again, this is her jumping to conclusions, because there is not any proof to say that the children have seen or know anything about the ghost’s. “Thus a very odd relationship develops between the governess and the children, for the more she loves them and pities them and desires to save them, the more she begins to suspect them of treachery, until at last she is convinced that they, in league with the ghosts, are ingeniously tormenting her’ (Bontly 726). “The ghosts appear, thus, when the governess is both aware of the corruption which threatens the children and convinced of her own power to preserve them untainted” (Aswell 53). It’s the governess fabricating all this up in her mind again so she can play the part of
In a criticism on Henry James’s story The Turn of the Screw, Strother Purdy suggests that large amounts of sexual passion may be assumed to exist underneath the surface of the narrative. Purdy says that under a Freudian interpretation of the story, the sexual element is easily recognized and is used as the whole source of the action. According to this theory, the governess wishes to impress her master because she is in love with him and, therefore, exceeeding her authority with the children. Although the governess only sees her master twice, Purdy refers back to what Douglas had said,” it was the beauty of her passion.” Since the master is not impressed by her initial and ordinary course of governessing, she must make up some life-threatening danger to the children so she can rescue them and win the masters love and affection. She figures the danger must be terrible because he told her he did not want to be bothered with matters dealing with the children. He basically tells her he cares nothing for the children. Purdy suggests the governess is unconscious in doing this because she is sexually repressed and cannot admit her sexual motives to herself
When Kathy tells a patient about Hailsham she says, “There have been times over the years when I’ve tried to leave Hailsham behind […] But then there came a point where I just stopped resisting” (Ishiguro 5). And, just like Kathy, they want to live in her stories because they don’t want to be reminded of where they came from and “instead [they] wanted to hear about Hailsham” (5). She often uses words like ‘baffling’ or ‘wasn’t clear’ which indicates that her memory is still foggy. However, Kathy continues to narrate her story in order for her to come to an understanding about her life as memory is her only source of foundation.
The point of view she expressed through out the whole text, was her own. She was able to keep readers insight of the psychoanalytic theory the story has. The actions the protagonist had in the story showed us how it affected her adult self, and how the issue developed a rebel over time. Even after years from when the recurring events took place, her actions as a child had an effect on both mother and daughter. This theory gives readers the idea that things that happen to people during childhood can contribute to the way they later function as
Throughout the narrative, the text utilizes the conflict over the crisis of cognition, or the very mystery regarding the Marquise’s lack of knowledge surrounding her mysterious pregnancy, as a catalyst for the presentation of the plurality of opinions associated with the Marquise’s current status in society and presumptions to the father’s identity. In itself, this state of cognitive dissonance prevents the Marquise from making any attempts at atoning for her supposed sin, as she herself is unaware of any possible transgressions responsible for her current predicament. In turn, this separation from the truth pushes the marquise to fall into the conviction that the “incomprehensible change[s] in her figure” and “inner sensations” (85) she felt were due to the god of Fantasy or Morpheus or even “one of his attendant dreams,” (74) thereby relinquishing her subconscious from any guilt. However, despite her self-assurance of innocence and desperate pleas at expressing her clear conscience, the marquise becomes subject to external pressures from both her family and society, who come to perc...
James, Henry. "The turn of the screw." The turn of the screw and other tales. Ed. Kimberly C.