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Definition of happiness
Definition of happiness
Definition of happiness
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The Good Life is an expression representing how one would like to live out their life. In other words, how that person achieves happiness. There are three theories that correlate to the Good Life: daoism, stoicism, and existentialism. Since each person defines their happiness differently, each person has their own opinion as to whether or not what is read to be correct or not. The goal is to at least shine a light onto what everyone seems drawn towards. Existentialism is an important theory to consider in order to achieve the Good Life. Although existentialism may not appeal to everyone as a reliable theory to achieve the Good Life, it does elaborate as to how existentialism can be used to achieve the Good Life.
Jean-Paul Sartre is a well-known existentialist writer who, in his article “Existentialism is a Humanism,” discusses in detail what existentialism is, “a doctrine that makes human life possible and also affirms that every truth and every action imply an environment and a human subjectivity” (Sartre 18). From this quote we can infer that, everything said and done is subject to proper judgment.
Sartre goes on to describe the views of an existentialist. An existentialist “states that if God does not exist, there is at least one being in whom existence precedes essence, a being whose existence comes before its essence, a being who exists before he can be defined by any concept of it” (Sartre 22). This quote explains that god is the being(s) who existed before classification, but spiritually empowered the world known today.
Later on in his article, Sartre describes subjectivism and what it means. “Subjectivism means the freedom of the individual subject to choose what he will be, and man’s inability to transcend human sub...
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...different Kierkegaard’s views are then the better-known existentialist views.
Existentialism is a surprisingly popular Good Life Theory today. Whether or not people have the same view of a life worth living or existentialism, existentialism can prove to be a worthwhile theory that could be used to achieve that life worth living.
Works Cited
Fox, Michael Allen. "Chapter 3: Kierkegaard- In Search of the
Individual." The Remarkable Existentialists. Amherst, NY:
Humanity, 2009. 45-69. Print.
Fox, Michael Allen. Preface, “Chapter 1: What is Existentialism?”
The Remarkable Existentialists. Amherst, NY: Humanity,
2009. 11-12, 13-25. Print.
Jean-Paul Sartre. Existentialism Is a Humanism. New Haven: Yale
UP, 2007. 18-24. Print.
Camus, Albert. "Life Is Absurd." The Moral Life. By Louis P.
Pojman and Lewis Vaughn. New York: Oxford UP, 2009.
578-81. Print.
The term existentialist, according to Sartre, means existence precedes essence. This means that an individual first exists, and then they exercise free will over themselves to do things that define themselves, thus their essence. For this ideology to work for Sartre, an atheistic stance needs to be taken. This is so because of how he defines God. God is compared to an artisan producing a knife, through a definition and a formula. Thus, “when God creates he knows precisely what he is creating.” Under this identification of God, that Sartre dictates is a common implication in philosophical writings, God creates with intent and seemingly, purpose. Hence, God
...existed somewhere in the universe, which is how he changed the world. Sartre took the broken and put it together into the philosophy of Existentialism.
At the time of his death on the fifteenth of April, 1980, at the age of seventy-four, Jean-Paul Sartre’s greatest literary and philosophical works were twenty-five years in the past. Although the small man existed in the popular mind as the politically inconsistent champion of unpopular causes and had spent the last seven years of his life in relative stagnation, his influence was still great enough to draw a crowd of over fifty thousand people – admirers or otherwise – for his funeral procession. Sartre was eminently quotable, a favorite in the press, because his statements were always controversial. He was the leader of the shortly popular Existential movement in philosophy which turned quickly into a fad for the disillusioned post-World War I generation, so even when the ideas criticized were not the ideas of Sartre’s Existentialism, he still came to the public mind. Sartre was alternately celebrated and vilified, depending on which side of the issue the speaker or writer was on, and whether or not Sartre had early espoused – and possibly later turned against – the ideals in question. Despite Sartre’s many political and philosophical about-faces, fellow Marxist political philosopher Herbert Marcuse said of him, “He may not want to be the world’s conscience, but he is.” [Hayman, 458]
Since existentialism is the philosophy above all other philosophies which takes seriously the concrete existence of a human in all of its facticity, anxiety, temporality, and fleshliness, and will place this existence before all decisions about essence, it would seem that above all others we can expect from Sartre a philosop...
Existentialism is a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will. To Sartre, saying that som...
The first properly philosophical work written by Sartre-The Transcendence of the Ego (1) -is an investigation into the problem of otherness, of alterity or-to use Sartre's terminology-of transcendence. Sartre develops the notion of transcendence in a radical opposition to that of immanence i. e. of a uniform and homogenous sameness. His ultimate aim is to arrive at the notion of immanence purified of any transcendent elements and to use that notion as a clue for his definition of subjectivity. That is to say, to the question: "What am I?" Sartre would reply: "I am an immanence without transcendence. I am a pure stream of consciousness without any contents. I am an absolute transparency without opacity. I am no more than the temporal unity of my life-which means-a pure self-contained flow that no alien element can interrupt or contaminate".
The Merriam – Webster Dictionary defines existentialism as a chiefly 20th century philosophical movement embracing diverse doctrines but centering on analysis of individual existence in an unfathomable universe and the plight of the individual who must assume ultimate responsibility for acts of free will without any certain knowledge of what is right or wrong or good or bad (Merriam, 2011). In other words, an existentialist believes that our natures are the natures we make for ourselves, the meaning of our existence is that we just exist and there may or may not be a meaning for the existence, and we have to individually decide what is right or wrong and good or bad for ourselves. No one can answer any of those things for us. A good example of existentialism is Woody Allen’s movie, Deconstructing Harry. A man is haunted by his past and his past has followed him into the present. He is a wreck not because of the things that happened to him, but because of the choices he made. He is consumed by regret and insecurity and he tries to find blame in his situation with someone other than himself, however he cannot (Barnes, 2011). Throughout the rest of this paper I will be discussing two of the most prominent existentialists, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche.
He believes that we are so unbound and pain steaking free. Not what most people think of freedom, we are just so unbelievably free to a scary extent. In this case there are no guidelines, rules or tracks for our actions. Thus, each of us are bound to design our own moral code. We are tasked to invent a moral standard to live by. Sartre believes we are condemned in freedom. In his eyes, he found this terrifyingly awful. Sartre believes that there is no one to look up to because anyone you look up to for answers are all false authorities. When you receive answers from these people they are just a person like you that once sought an answer and had to figure their own judgement of the question. You must realize the only weight and meaning of your life is given to you by yourself. Thus, bringing ourselves to a point Sartre brought up about bad faith, if you decide to let others make or influence your decisions then you are in bad faith. Bad faith is essentially you believing something out there has meaning that you did not give it. So, in an example, a young woman has the choice to spend her free time at a soup kitchen or at an animal shelter. She feels torn between helping animals and the well-being of others, but she could only attend to one cause. She could help the animals and contribute to more humane living conditions for the animals. Her cause might be small, but the outcome could
In writing this paper I've struggled to grasp existentialism, which is obviously a vital component to determining whether a character is or isn't an existentialist hero, and why or why not. My expectation that there would be a clear-cut answer was more than a little off, what with how much existentialism has evolved through time and how existentialist philosophers hold completely contradictory beliefs from each other. Existentialism doesn't fit into a neat box any more easily than existentialists do. Although it was confusing at times, I have learned and feel I have a strong enough understanding of the most important beliefs and the primary core values of existentialism. In this paper, I will describe how the character Harold Crick from the film Stranger Than Fiction (2006) goes from an extraordinarily ordinary man to an existential hero.
Sartre based his views on the basic ideas of existentialism. The idea that existence precedes essence is the central factor in the atheistic view of man. The belief that existence precedes essence states that there is "no pre-existing concept of man." (2) In the existentialist view, man is what he makes of himself.
In his defense of existentialism, Sartre first defines the unifying factor of existentialism, (for both atheist and deist alike), as the belief that existence precedes essence. To help illustrate his point he presents the example of a paper knife, an object that possess a set of qualities that enable it to carry out its purpose. He states that it would not have been created without a particular purpose, therefore its essence precedes its existence. (Sartre) Sartre rejects this idea when it comes to mankind and declares that humans in themselves have no nature and define themselves after coming into existence. This stems from his atheistic worldview, in which the rejection of a higher power leads him to accept the fact that humans are the “Creator”, the first to exist, and it is our job to give meaning to the rest of the world.
Existentialism is the epitome of the unknown. There is no straightforward explanation of what exactly it is, there is only certain characteristics and behaviors that describe existentialist views. Throughout today’s world, there are examples of it everywhere, it’s found in movies, books, songs, and just people in general. Existentialists are known to think and do for themselves only. They believe that to understand what it means to be human requires understanding of themselves first. Some very well known pieces of entertainment existentialism is found in are: Hamlet by William Shakespeare, The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Stranger by Albert Camus, and The Breakfast Club by John Hughes. The Stranger is a book written about a young man whose mother dies, which soon leads him to becoming acquainted with the feeling of not caring about what his actions do to others or himself. The main character Meursault starts helping his friend Raymond, carry out ways to torment his mistress. Out of nowhere while at the beach, Meursault shoots Raymond’s mistress’s brother. He is thrown into jail and tried, but he seems to not be affected as much as he should about his actions. He first finds it hard to live without cigarettes, women, and nature, but he soon finds out he doesn’t need any of those. After being sentenced to death, he is suggested to turn away from his atheism but later realizes that human existence has no greater meaning. This realization and acceptance is what truly makes him happy (Camus). Next, The Breakfast Club is a very relatable movie about high school students suffering the consequences of their actions in detention. The kids are all of ...
(Crowell). Ironically the authors, directors and poets would deny that they are existentialists, because they are existentialists. (Corbett) The authors continued showing features that furthered the belief of their movement. In their eyes, people are free and must take it upon themselves to make rational decisions in a chaotic universe. Existentialists believe that there is nothing more to life since life has no purpose. (Corbett) Life is just where we are right now but we have no real impact to others or this earth. It is all the same if we were dead as if we were alive. This often comes as a realization to existentialist people and often present in existentialist literature about the “reality” of life.The question comes down to, do all human beings believe that they matter in life? This question challenges existentialist belief since life has no purpose. (Corbett) How can we matter in this life if one of the main themes in existentialism is that we have no purpose, it is quite
In an age of modern pessimism and inauthentic, insignificant existence, Jean-Paul Sartre clearly stands out amongst the masses as a leading intellectual, a bastion of hope in the twentieth century. Confronting anguish and despair, absurdity and freedom, nihilism and transcendence, "Sartre totalized the twentieth century... in the sense that he was responsive with theories to each of the great events he lived through" as Arthur C. Danto commented (Marowski and Matuz 371). As a philosopher, dramatist, novelist, essayist, biographer, short story writer, journalist, editor, scriptwriter, and autobiographer, his impact is simply undeniable. Between his expansive body of literary work and the philosophical ideas expressed within his words, Jean-Paul Sartre was one of the leading minds of recent times and perhaps the father of existentialism as we know it.
The philosopher Sartre once said “existence precedes essence”. This quote sums up the belief that we are born into the world with no real purpose and that it is the goal of our life to find one. Essence in this case referring to the ancient philosophical belief that all things have a predefined ideal set of characteristics. For example the essence of a car is that it has four wheels an engine and people ride in it. Not everything matches its essence, a car could be missing a wheel, could have no engine and people may not ride in it. The actual details of a car form its existence. To Sartre existence is the concrete here and now, what you are given at birth. A pillar of the existentialist system of belief is that everyone is born with free will.