For a company to sustain financial health it should incorporate payback method, net present value, and internal rate of return. This is a responsible means to provide those invested in the company the means to understand the company’s overall financial health. Furthermore, these tools and methods can provide the internal and external forces that are influencing the company’s overall financial health.
Evaluation of a Return on Investment (ROI)
ROI evaluates and compares the different investments delivered and invested by the company (Aacker, 2001). Calculating the ROI, is dividing the benefit (return) of an investment by the cost of the investment. Percentage or a ratio is the result of this calculation (Investopedia, 2014). In addition, there are step-by step calculations that senior executives will use to calculate ROI for a company these procedures as defined by (Berman and Knight, 2008).
ROI means the return on investments. The first step is to provide information on whether the project is worth pursuing or discontinuing a project. Through the payback method, accomplishes this first step. The payback method is the length of time required to recover the cost of an investment (Berman and Knight, 2008). This method provides senior executives with the knowledge to undertake a venture or not.
For instance, if the venture has longer payback periods the investment is not desirable. Berman and Knight (2008) further noted an issue with this method, first it does not measure profitability, and second this method ignores the time value of money. For instance, if the concept of “time value of money” not taken into consideration other possible other business opportunities may not be seen. This is why the second step is imperative. This s...
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...health of a company. For example, gross profit and net profit ratios tell how well the company is managing its expenses (Berman and Knight, 2008). Return on equity (ROE) explains how well the company is using its own assets/equity to generate returns (Berman and Knight, 2008). Additionally, return on investment tells whether the company is generating enough profits for its shareholders (Berman and Knight, 2008). Again, a higher ratio or value is desirable. A higher value means that the company is doing well and it is good at generating profits, revenues, and cash flows.
Conclusion
For a company to sustain financial health it should incorporate all aforementioned tools and methods. Bottom-line it is imperative for those invested to understand that a company is not investing carelessly. Moreover, there is an ethical and moral influencing to maintain financial health.
This requirement makes it important to look through a majority of the return ratios, which include return on sales, return on assets, and return on equity. Additionally, investors are also interested in the ratios related to the company’s earnings, such as earnings per share (EPS) and PE ratio. Looking at return on sales, we can see that Wendy’s has a 7.27% return on sales and Bob Evans has a 1.23%, which demonstrates Wendy’s has a higher profit margin. Moreover, Wendys’ return on assets is 2.85% and Bob Evans is 1.58%. Also, Wendy’s and Bob Evan 's have return on equity ratios of 6.66% and 4.30%, respectively. All of these return ratios show that Wendy’s has a better handle on turning working capital into revenue. On the other hand, although Wendy’s return ratios are higher than Bob Evans, Bob Evans has a better performance on earnings per share and PE ratio. This is due to Bob Evans having less common stock share outstanding, which makes their earnings per share and PE ratio higher than Wendy’s. Due to the EPS being higher for Bob Evans, we would recommend that investors look towards Bob
After calculating the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for each project, I have determined that both the dishwasher and the trash compactor projects should be pursued. Both of them have shown positive NPVs at the new discount rate of 11.58% (WACC). Another indicator that told me that these two projects should be pursued by Star was that they both yielded IRRs greater than the given hurdle rate. The disposal did not meet these requirements and therefore should not be undertaken.
...eting tool that show the differences between the present value of revenues and the present value of expenses. The project can be profitable when the net present value is positive. In other words, the present value of revenues is greater than the present value of expenses. Profitability index is another tool for evaluating investment projects, which is the ratio of the PV of benefits on the PV of costs. A project can be beneficial if the profitability index is greater than 1. Also, it has the same idea as NPV that In other words, the present value of benefits is greater than the present value of costs. However, these two methods (NPV and Profitability Index) have been used to evaluate the proposal of implementing EHR.
Analysing the ratio of one with the other in the industry provides for better understanding about the performance of the company in market. An investor has to make a comparative analysis before making any investment decision.
Financial ratios are "just a convenient way to summarize large quantities of financial data and to compare firms' performance" (Brealey & Myer & Marcus, 2003, p. 450). Financial ratios are very useful tools in order to determine the health of a company, help managers to make decision, and help to compare companies that belong to the same industry in order to know about their performance.
Return on equity (ROE) measures profitability from the stockholders perspective. The ROE is a calculation of the return earned on the common stockholders' investment in the firm. Generally, the higher this return, the better off the stockholders are. Harley Davidson's return on equity was 24.92% for 2001, 24.74% for 2000. They have sustained consistent, positive, returns for their shareholders for the past two years.
General Foods (GF) is in the process of evaluating Super as a new profit-increasing project for its business. Payback and Return on Funds Employed (ROFE) are the decision rules used currently by GF for project decisions. While these rules are helpful, they are flawed and do not take into account the time value of money when evaluating cash flows. Net present value is a more suited tool to evaluate projects because it takes into account discounting of future cash flows, evaluates liquidity through discount, selects the scenario that maximizes shareholder wealth, and considers all relevant incremental cash flows. Certain cash flows and costs for Super were either included or not in the financial worksheets presented to management. Flaws
Description: Return on Equity (ROE) indicates what each owner’s dollar is producing in terms of net income that is the rate of return on stockholder dollars. ROE is a common metric for assessing the value of a firm and most investors look to ROE first when deciding where to allocate their capital. As such, it is also an important measure for a CEO to monitor.
Profitability ratios express ability of the company to produce profit. This shows how well a company is performing in a given period of time. To compare the profitability for the companies, the investors use profitability ratios that are return on equity, profit margin, asset turnover, gross profit, earning per share. Return on asset indicates overall profitability of assets. It is the relationship between net income and average total assets. GM has 0.034 and Ford has 0.036. This indicates Ford is more profitable. Profit margin is how much of every dollar of sales the company keeps. Computing profit margin, net income divided by net sales. This indicates higher profit margin is more profitable and it has better control. Thus, GM’s profit margin is 3.4 percentages and Ford’s is 4.9 percentages. This indicates Ford has better control profitably compared to GM. Next ratio is gross profit rate. It is how much of every dollar is left over after paying costs of goods sold. Assets turnover represents how efficiency a company uses its assets to sales. This ratio is relationship between net sales and average total assets. GM’s is 0.98 and Ford’s is 0.75. This result represents GM is using its assets more efficiently. Gross profit margin is dividing gross profit, which is equal to net sales less cost of gods sold, by net sales. This ratio indicates ability to maintain selling price above its cost of goods sold. GM’s gross profit rate is 11.6 percentages. Ford’s is 5.7 percentages. GM is higher ratio, and it indicates strong net income. Also, it indicates the company has to spend lower operating expenses and the company is able to spend left money for covering fixed costs. Earnings per share indicate the company’s net earnings to each share common stock. This ratio shows margin between selling price and cost of goods sold. From these companies’ income statement, GM is $2.71 and Ford is $1.82. Because GM’s value is higher relative to Ford’s,
ROE = net profit margin X total asset turnover X total assets to equity ratio = -39.74% for FY 2016.
It is a profitability ratio and it calculates the ability of the company to produce profit from the investments of its shareholders. It shows the profit generated by each dollar of shareholder’s equity. It is important ratio because investors always see that how efficiently and effectively the management of the company is using their wealth to generate profit.
The analysis of these ratios shows how Ford stands as a company for the past five years. Return on equity (ROE) reveals how much profit a company earned in comparison to the total amount of shareholder equity on the balance sheet. For long-term investing with great rewards, companies that have high return on equity ratios can provide the biggest payoffs. This ratio also tells investors how effectively their capital is being reinvested, so it is a good gauge of management's money handling skills. Ford is showing a considerable turn around in this area this past year, which could easily be due to changes in management. They are also reasonably following the industry in this area.
It outlines the interconnection of a company’s financial and non-financial elements and aims to combine them and show value creation and maintenance. It identifies resources and their effective and responsible usage. It intends to create a dialogue between the shareholders and other stakeholders and provides them with detailed information.
It provides data for inter-firm comparison. Ratios highlight the factors associated with successful and unsuccessful firm. They also reveal strong firms and weak firms, overvalued and undervalued firms.
When compared to the physical capital maintenance concept, the financial capital maintenance concept is the better choice for standard setting when distinguishing between a return of capital and a return on capital. The main argument in favor of physical capital maintenance is that it provides information that has better predictive value, confirmatory value, and is more complete. However, due to agency theory, prospect theory, and positive accounting theory, neutrality and completeness under physical capital maintenance would be impaired so gravely that predictive value and confirmatory value become inefficacious. As a result, financial capital maintenance, with its use of historical cost, is able to provide information to decision makers with stronger confirmatory value and predictive value.