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Dsm 5 study
Biopsychosocial model of mental illness
Studying the dsm 5
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Harry’s Biopsychosocial Evaluation I will be evaluating Harry in the movie “Requiem for a Dream”. The patient will be diagnosed using criteria found in the 5th edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, known as the DSM-5 (APA, 2013). All of the factors contributing to Harry’s psychopathological state will be quantified biologically, psychologically, and sociologically (i.e. biopsychosocial model). My hypothesis for the mental disorder that Harry is suffering from is Severe Opioid Use Disorder. Harry has endured a multitude of stressors such as the issues with his mother, friends, girlfriend, drugs, and matters related to drugs. These factors absolutely perpetuate his issue with using, it could also be what started …show more content…
These factors cause so much stress to Harry that it ends up in acute depression which then is solved temporarily by his drug use. It is clear that in Harry’s mind, drugs are the answer. It is his answer to financial woes and his answer to feeling bad. Due to the fact that feeling bad and finances are pressing issues for Harry; there is no doubt his mind will prefer substance use. According to the DSM-5, the essential features of substance withdrawal are cognitive and physiological concomitants and behavioral changes that are due to the fact that the person stopped or reduced their drug use. The only time these symptoms are relieved, at least partially, is by consuming more of the substance in which they are addicted to. (APA, 2013) Since it is inevitable that Harry will run out of heroin, it is just a matter of time until he does something desperate for it and the desperation will continue because addicts spend a great deal of time acquiring drugs or getting money to get said drugs. Since Harry is experiencing withdrawal, he is displaying the exact specifications of substance withdrawal in the light that his addiction-addled mind is caught in a loop of activities that can produce a situation in which drugs are the end …show more content…
As stated previously, dopamine rewards from drugs are what cause the continuation of drugs. So biological alterations, such as lowered dopamine in the brain, creates a response to restore dopamine (i.e. consume heroin), and this produces psychological alterations due to the need of acquiring heroin again, such as the mental withdrawal process of behavioral changes, cognitive and physiological concomitants, also a blatantly blind devotion of time and resources to acquiring heroin. In essence, the drive of withdrawal and/or his possible predisposition for addictive tendencies fuels his psychological need for intake of opiates. The psychological pains of withdrawal is largely what manifests his impaired control of drug usage. Marion and Tyrone both have a strong influence on Harry to at least be around heroin, and being around heroin would absolutely trigger Harry’s psychological need to consume. This social-psychological interaction also interacts with the biological-psychological interactions that were stated previously. The way this happens is that since Harry cannot control his habits, has psychological and biological tendencies towards heroin, and has close friends that are heavily involved in heroin, leads him to a greater chance of using heroin since the
PCP use often leads to psychological dependence, craving, and compulsive PCP-seeking behavior. It was first discovered as a street drug in the 1960s and quickly gained a reputation as a drug that could cause bad reactions in its users. Some continue in using PCP because of its addicting properties. Others say its the feelings of strength, power, invulnerability and a numbing effect on the mind as reasons for their continued PCP use. (Andersen)
But often the symptoms do not stop at acute withdrawal. After the body makes initial adjustments to the absence of drugs, the changes that have occurred in the brain still need time to revert back to their original state. During this period, a variety of symptoms known as Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS) begin to occur. In the book Uppers, Downers, All Arounders, published by CNS Productions, authors Darryl Inaba and William Cohen define PAWS as “a group of emotional and physical symptoms that appear after major withdrawal symptoms have abated” (Inaba & Cohen, 2011).
The most popular argument is that drugs are addictive and users become dependent on its effects to function. If the dependency is not satisfied, it can disrupt the life of the user so that this individual forms a threat to society. Addicted user...
Substance abuse is when a person want their mind to be altered with the use of drugs. Substance abuse affect all ages, race, religion, and income. When it comes to the characteristics of substance abusers there are many factors one must consider such as internal and external, physical, behavioral, and psychological. According to Demand Media (2013), stated that internal substance abuse is when someone feels the need to use drugs regularly, having that feeling like you need the drug to get through problems and have trouble when one is trying to stop taking the drug. External substance abuse characteristic is when people often notice behavioral, physical, and psychological changes (Demand Media, 2013). According to demand media, (2013), stated that physical changes are lack in hygiene, changes in the person pupils such as being dilated or constricted, and changes in their weight. Some behavioral changes are decrease in work performance, changes in the type of friends and interest and asking for/ or need money (Demand Media, 2013). Psychological changes are personality change, mood swings an...
It is imperative for a counselor to identify these qualities and know how to navigate an addict through these phases. Addiction has psychological, neurological, and spiritual elements that are important to understand in order to provide quality counseling. Psychologically, an individual suffering from addiction will often practice various methods of self-deception: denial & repression, rationalization, hiding, delaying tactics, breakdown, and collusion. Habits are formed in three stages. During stage one, a person learns that a specific behavior either provides pleasure or pain relief. Stage two is when a person actively seeks the effects of that behavior in everyday life, causing the formation of the habit. Finally, in stage three, a person is now dependent on the effect of the behavior and develops feelings of distress when the behavior and feeling are not easily
The biopsychosocial model proposes, and the scientific evidence has tended to confirm, that the interdependent factors ;biological, psychological and social all end up influencing each other and feeding into each other in an interdependent way and for these reasons, the biopsychosocial model has much to offer professionals working in treatment, prevention, and research in the addictions
Drugs are chemicals, and when you process these chemicals, they affect the brain’s communication system. When you are addicted to drugs and overuse them, they can have long-term effects on your brain. When a person takes a drug, the limbic system of the brain releases dopamine to make the user feel good. This is the feeling that becomes addictive. Our brains reward us with small amounts of dopamine when we do actions that are good for us. However, while using drugs, the brain is “tricked” into rewarding the user with high levels of dopamine when they are actually causing harm. When addicted to drugs, the user’s brain is unable to naturally produce normal levels of dopamine, so the user craves drugs to restore the dopamine levels to normal. Essentially, the user is unable to naturally feel good without the
When a person first uses drugs, it is voluntary. After repeated use the user has becomes conditioned to keep using. The reason this happens is because drugs effect the brain’s reward center by filling it with dopamine. This makes the user feel pleasure by using which then makes the user want to keep using. When comparing this to classical conditioning the Neutral stimuli would be the environmental stimuli associated with drug administration, the unconditioned stimulus would be drugs effect on the brain, and the unconditioned response would be the reward received by doing drugs. After repeated use the conditioned response is now the environmental stimuli associated with drug use and the conditioned response is the reward received by doing drugs. Like with Pavlov’s dogs’ triggers response to the lab assistant and bell, Addicts can have triggers as well. Certain smalls, locations and situations can trigger and addict to use. For example, every day from work an addict sits down on their back porch and smoke a marijuana cigarette. The back porch would then become a trigger. So, every time the addict sits on their porch they then crave the marijuana cigarette. When someone is clean or sober, these triggers can lead to
The most commonly abused substances are Nicotine, Inhalants, Alcohol, Cocaine, Amphetamines, Prescription medications, Heroin, Ecstasy and Marijuana. 1a(National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2011) Initially, a person may find themselves using substances voluntarily and with confidence that they will be able to dictate their personal use. However, over the period of time that drug use is repeated, changes are taking place throughout the brain, whether it is functionally or structurally. Drugs contain chemicals that enter the communication system of the brain and disturb the way in which nerve cells would typically send, receive, and process information. The chemicals within these drugs will cause a disruption to the communication system by either imitating the brain’s natural chemical messengers or by over-stimulating the brains “reward system” by sending mass amounts of dopamine. As an individual prolongs his or her use of these substances, they may develop an addiction.
Without contrast, the primary reason for drug abuse in individuals comes from the conscious state of addiction. According to Webster’s, addiction is described as “the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity (Hacker, 2011).” Sure, human nature’s desire to conform to peer pressure might cause one to first try a certain drug, but the euphoric mental states found in drugs mentally trap many individuals into becoming dependent upon these sensations. With that being said, these sensations vary depending on the type of drug used.
However, as a tolerance to the substances begins to build and the social group changes from friends in the same peer group to primarily drug users and abusers, that is when the drug...
To begin with, the people who are addicted to drugs are hard to get rid of taking. Normally, a lot of people assumed that because of the lack of moral principles and willpower, the drug abusers cannot stop abusing through changing their behavior (NIH 2012). But in the real world, giving up abusing takes more than strongly will, because the ways of brain is changed by drugs that enhance the compulsive drug abuse. As a result, it is difficult of drug users to stop abusing the drugs.
The use of drugs is a controversial topic in society today. In general, addicts show a direct link between taking drugs and suffering from their effects. People abuse drugs for a wide variety of reasons. In most cases, the use of drugs will serve a type of purpose or will give some kind of reward. These reasons for use will differ with different kinds of drugs. Various reasons for using the substance can be pain relief, depression, anxiety and weariness, acceptance into a peer group, religion, and much more. Although reasons for using may vary for each individual, it is known by all that consequences of the abuse do exist. It is only further down the line when the effects of using can be seen.
There are many addictions in the world, and drug addiction is the biggest. People may experiment with the drug for many reasons. “If your drug use is causing problems in your life, then you likely have a drug abuse or addiction problem”.(Lawrence Robinson pg.1) Many people start out using drugs by peer pressure or out of their own curiosity. Stress, anxiety, lows self-esteem and depression could be another factor to start using drugs. The drug takes over your body and gives you a good feeling that many people tend to enjoy. The urge to use the drug can keep increasing rapidly after the first use. The urge can become so severe that your mind can find many other ways to deny the factor of addiction. Very few drug addicts can feel and realize when they have crossed the line with drugs. A drug addicts mind can build up a very large tolerance for the drug that they start to abandon the activities they used to do on a daily basis like showering, hobbies, socializing and even being associated with family members. The person with the addiction will continue to use the drug knowing that it is harming there body, but they don’t have any remorse. A drug addict will often try to hide their problem, so they can continue to use without anyone’s input. Family and friends may try to use preaching methods or tell the user that they need to stop using the drug. This method is not ...
The addict becomes dependent on the drug. The addict uses it, despite having full knowledge of its harmful effects on health. It is considered a brain disease because it changes the structure and functioning of the brain.There is an uncontrollable desire or craving to consume the drug. Addicted people often engage in compulsive behavior to obtain the drugs. The addicts find if impossible to control the drug intake. In case of drug abuse, people start taking drugs in larger doses than the recommended doses. The addict is not able to discharge his/her day-to-day responsibilities in an efficient manner. It effects both the physical and mental health of the addict. Very often, addicts witness extreme changes in body weight. Very often, the addict stops socializing.Sometimes, drug addiction is also referred to as drug dependency since the addict develops dependency or addiction for a particular