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Ethnography observation
Importance of anthropology
Importance of anthropology
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Recommended: Ethnography observation
Karle Pittsinger
Anthropology 101 AE
1 October 2014
1. A thick description goes beyond ordinary measures, in search of a deeper meaning of a specific culture. Ethnographers must be able to evaluate what’s at hand with an open mind, questioning all types of behavior. All societies, big and small, are unique with a certain set of values and beliefs that define them. It takes time to form raw relationships with the community to better understand the interworking of their people. An Ethnographer will be able to grasp culture as a whole when he or she has become accepted instead of an outsider. Human beings are born with one set of cultural knowledge so stepping into a new environment takes a lot of digging to get inside a subjects mind. “Ethnography
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is thick description”(Geertz 314), states Geertz. This “description” is to be shared with the rest of the world to enlarge specific thoughts. Ethnographers continually questions symbols trying to find their significance. It is not enough just to interpret somebody’s actions or words one time. Questioning needs to continue in order to understand how behavior compares to the world around us. Culture is like fruit; there are all different shapes, colors, and tastes. It takes time to peel back the layers and get to the core, where seeds will bloom again. 2.
Ethnographers interpret specific cultures to understand how a group of people think and act. Merely interpreting on a surface level leaves the ethnographer with a wafer thin description that lacks detail. Ethnography takes both an emic and etic perspective to interpret while analyzing. Geertz examines the twitching of an eyelid by three boys and explains different types of descriptions. “The ‘thin description’ of what the rehearser (parodist, winker, twitcher…) is doing (‘rapidly contracting his right eyelids’) and the ‘thick description’ of what he is doing (’practicing a burlesque of a friend faking a wink to deceive an innocent into think a conspiracy is in motion’) lies in ethnography” (Geertz 312). Social events must be decoded, such as the winking/twitching eyes to understand how symbols guide the community. Symbols can often be misleading because they are specific to certain cultures. Symbols obtain meaning from the role they play in patterned behavior of social life. Anthropologists analyze cultures, trying to pick apart their differences. Deep interpretation enables comparisons to be made on all levels, on the surface and at the roots. A “thick description” with great interpretation allows the world to step into another cultures shoes for a while. Without anthropology, our world would be more judgmental instead of trying to understand why people behave certain
ways.
Sir Raymond Firth famously said that ethnography “makes the exotic familiar and the familiar exotic.” You mainly hear stories of ethnographers and anthropologist going to other countries to study societies that are fascinating and unknown so that we can become familiar with their culture and understand. This is how we make the exotic familiar. Within our own country we are under the impression that because we live around these people we know them and there is nothing to learn, but when we step in and begin to observe what’s in our own backyard we realize there are things that we don’t know. This is what Philippe Bourgois and Jeff Schonberg have done in Righteous Dopefiend.
In the book titled Around the World in 30 Years, Barbara Gallatin Anderson’s makes a precise and convincing argument regarding the acts of being a cultural anthropologist. Her humor, attention to detail, and familiar analogies really allow for a wholesome and educating experience for the reader. Her credible sources and uniform writing structure benefits the information. Simply, the book represents an insider’s look into the life of a cultural anthropologist who is getting the insider’s look to the lives of everybody
This essay is an ethnographic study of Whole Foods Market which is located in Kensington, London. Whole Foods Market is a niche supermarket that sells high quality organic and natural products at high prices. In this essay, I will provide a brief orientation of ethics with regards to the concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility - macroethics and Business Ethics - microethics and the theoretical frameworks of consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics. I will be using deontology framework in ethics devised by Immanuel Kant to assess if the marketing strategy and the products sold at Whole Foods Market support their principle of ‘organic and natural’.
In Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, the book defines ethnography as “a written account of how a single human population lives” (Bailey & Peoples, 2014, p. 8). It seems to be such a simple definition to the multiple levels needed to make a successful ethnography as shown by Douglas Raybeck in Mad Dogs, Englishmen, and the Errant Anthropologist. These multiple levels of ethnographic methods include problems that often arise, the assimilation into a culture, and the many different ways of perceiving culture. This method of study is particularly unique to the social sciences because of the extensive amount of assimilation one does in order to interpret a society's culture. There is the need for a year-long period--occasionally even longer--
Not only this, but anthropologists will also employ Ethnography, writing down a description and analysis, based upon the fieldwork. This helps keep a record of what was learned, while also keeping the culture being studied under its own viewpoint. These factors help impact the analysis of a culture, while still being observed under a cultural relativism outlook.
...and to view cultures differently in general. Some Anthropologists with postmodernist ideologies view cultures as "messy text", which is "the most complex and interesting form of experimentation with ethnographic writing now being produced" (Marcus, 187). The influence of Postmodernism also lead to the emergence of reflexivity. Various styles of reflexivity now exist, such as feminist, sociological, and anthropological. Reflexivity contributes to "messy text," because it identifies many cultural aspects ethnographers cannot explain nor understand and thus cannot be fitted, neatly into structure. Reflexivity is also influencing ethnographers to develop new approaches in studying culture. As we have reviewed in several ethnographies this semester, we see that personal reflections of the anthropologists is just as significant to fieldwork as the 'outsider' descriptions.
When I was a kid my parents always took me to Nathdwara to take the blessings of Lord Krishna every now and then because my parents are so religious. So by going there several times I am also attached to that place. Actually Nathdwara is situated in Rajasthan state and I live in the state called Gujarat and in the city called as Ahmedabad. It takes six hours drive from my city to Nathdwara and this is the only nearest place where I could get mental peace. This is very important place for me and my family because it is a tradition of our family that whoever goes there gives free food to the hungry and poor people. We do so because we think that if we do good work in our life we will be allowed by god to go to the heaven. [The two states on the left are Gujarat and Rajasthan. One in light blue color is Gujarat with the arrows and on the top of it with cream color is Rajasthan. I live in the middle of the state and Nathdwara is at the border of the Rajasthan]
James P. Spradley (1979) described the insider approach to understanding culture as "a quiet revolution" among the social sciences (p. iii). Cultural anthropologists, however, have long emphasized the importance of the ethnographic method, an approach to understanding a different culture through participation, observation, the use of key informants, and interviews. Cultural anthropologists have employed the ethnographic method in an attempt to surmount several formidable cultural questions: How can one understand another's culture? How can culture be qualitatively and quantitatively assessed? What aspects of a culture make it unique and which connect it to other cultures? If ethnographies can provide answers to these difficult questions, then Spradley has correctly identified this method as revolutionary.
As Kluckhohn describes, the technical term of culture has a broader meaning to the anthropologist than the "humble cooking pot", and the "people of culture." He implies that the anthropologist needs to be concerned with all aspects and biological conditions involved that have shaped a society. Humans can be easily understood just by studying their surroundings, and as Kluckhohn has stated, "they can also be easily predicted by knowing a people's design for living."
The visual shows a young boy around the age of 13 playing a video game. By looking closely at the visual it shows the kid being the centerpiece of the picture, he is the brightest object. Looking by the kid’s actions he seems to be very drawn to the game, his eyes shows that the game that he is playing seems to be very interesting to him. Opening the eyes that wide means that he is trying to interpret every detail the game is giving him causing him to be excluded out of the world around him. His smile shows the accomplishment that he is receiving excitement from whatever is going on in the game. The head and body has a tilt towards the focus of his attraction. This shows that he is excluding himself from his surrounding. By sitting on the edge of the sofa could mean is achieving a challenge that has him playing very intensely. By looking at the background,
“The anthropologist is a human instrument studying other human beings”. This quote can only be described as extremely relevant when reading McHugh’s ethnography, a detailed analysis on the Gurung people of Nepal. She involved herself emotionally, physically, and mentally during her stay, portraying what it’s like and what it takes to study other people from an outsider’s point of view. The relationships McHugh created throughout her stay deepened her understanding and paved the way for her fieldwork as she dived into the unknown.
Geertz specifically criticizes them for wavering through tremendous amounts of data in the hope to discover universalities that define humanity as a whole. Anthropology, Geertz believes, should not employ static and reductive methods to analyze cultures, as this would only lead to watered-down descriptions that obscure the vast diversity that exists among humans (). Consequently, what Geertz demands is nothing short of a fundamental paradigm shift in the field – away from a generalizing and comprehensive focus toward an in-depth analysis of significant and peculiar symbols of a culture (44). In order to achieve this, anthropologists need to discard their stratigraphic approach and replace it with a synthetic one; a unitary system of analysis in which biology, psychology, sociology, and cultural factors are all
Ethnographic fieldwork defines cultural anthropology to be holism. It stresses that cultural anthropology embraces a holistic perspective for the study of human behaviour. The study of cultural anthropology deals with the entire characteristics of humans. It then focuses on the relationship between the different facets of human
Ethnobotany is the study of how people of a particular culture and region make use of indigenous plants. Cultures have been using the environment around them for thousands of years. The use of plants were mentioned in the Code of Hammurabi in Babylon circa 1770 BC. The ancient Egyptians believed that plants had medicinal powers in the afterlife of the pharaohs (King and Veilleux WWW). Indigenous cultures of the rainforests and other areas still use plants today in their everyday lives. If plants work to help these cultures, should not they be researched to help the rest of the world?
First, Sociocultural anthropology is the study cultural variation among humans, collecting data about the impact of global economic and political processes on local cultural realities. They use a variety of methods, including participant observation, interviews and surveys. Their research is often called fieldwork because it involves the anthropologist spending an extended period of time at the research location, called a field site. These stays usually last one year during graduate studies, but can be as short as a few weeks, or as long as a lifetime. Sociocultural anthropologists examine social patterns and practices across cultures, with a special interest in how people live in particular places and how they organize, govern, and create meaning. A hallmark of sociocultural anthropology is its concern with similarities and differences, both within and among societies, and its attention to race, sexuality, class, gender, and nationality. Research in sociocultural anthropology is distinguished by it...