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Moral ethics of prostitution
Prostitution on ethics
Prostitution on ethics
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In Yolanda Estes’ essay “Moral Reflections on Prostitution” she argues that “prostitution violates the Kantian ‘principle of humanity’ because it reflects a disrespectful attitude, which is expressed in the nonchalant use of the human body as a mere means to achieve some goal” (p.1). I merit Estes for arguing her belief logically using the support of five clearly outlined claims. Her first claim discussed how the “Kantian moral theory identifies subjectivity and dignity with a self-determining will located within the limited willing activity of an embodied individuals” (p.1). She went on to explain how individuals identify as a subject and identifies sexuality as being “one way in which individuals express their subjectivity”, but that “not all sexual activities involve mutual respect” (p.1). A merit to Estes’s claim here was that she took her possible non-Kantian opponents into account when she noted that not all moral theories would agree with her account of sexual morality but that most would agree that sexual relations should include some sort of mutual respect. From this idea ...
“There is no difference in work in which a women sells her hands, such as a typist, and a work in which a women sells her vagina, as in sex work.” Claims author Lacy Sloan. In today’s society, many people believe that prostitution is an immoral act. It is the world’s oldest profession and because it has been long condemned, sex workers are stigmatized from mainstream society (ProQuest Staff). However, the act of purchasing sex between consenting adults should not be prohibited by the government, but regulated for society's overall best interests. Prostitution is illegal and as a consequence prostitutes are often victims of violence and sexual assault; therefore, prostitution should be legalized and regulated to ensure the safety of sex workers.
The original argument emphasizes the husband’s perception of himself as a means, which opposes Kant’s view of morality as the treatment of all rational beings as ends. In order for the husband to behave morally, he must treat both himself and his wife as ends. By considering himself as a means for his wife, he breeds contradiction between treating his wife as an end from a moral sense of duty and making an exception for himself. The former suggests that he recognizes the importance of universal morality and viewing all people as ends, but the latter suggests that he applies a different standard to
Consequentialism and deontology are two different theories concerning with morality. Consequentialism believes in the concept of the end justifies the means. On the other hand, deontology does not believe in the concept of the ends justifies the means. It believes that right actions are defined by duty. Deontology is the opposite of consequentialism when it comes to moral ethics, making it the better approach.
Prostitution, as stated by Flemming, is known as a form of sexual activity, a kind of sexual style or category, and a form of economic activity, a way of making a living through the provisions of certain services, by behaving in accordance with, or falling into such a category (39). This definition, though, is controversial. While conducting research for this project, we found that most topics regarding prostitution and its affiliates were controversial. Each author gave a differing interpretation for the same data. Due to this, our project centered on the female prostitutes, even though there is evidence of male prostitutes.
With prostitution still arising and thriving in present day America the Argument and war waged on it by media has changed from an advocated perspective, to being seen as present day slavery among women. Especially with modern practices of forced trafficking and drugged prostitution. the views have changed from one of a women's private and personal freedom of choice, to one of "the ones who weren't lucky enough to get away from being drugged, kidnapped and forced into slaved prostitution."
Elizabeth Anderson makes a claim that “The attempt to sell gift value on the market makes a mockery of those values.”(Anderson 188) Anderson uses this claim to object commoditized sex (prostitution). There are two premises that Anderson uses to support her claim. The first premise being the gift value of sex cannot be realized in commercial terms and the second premise being that the gift value of sex is more significant that the use value of sex itself.
One of my recent classes was on “Ethics and Social Policy in Human Services”. The second half of this course was focused on ethical decision-making in human services, using case studies to identify the ethical principles and implications revealed in each. In one specific case study presented for discussion, Ann is a licensed social worker at a non-profit human service agency whose primary duties include counselling individuals and small groups. Ann has a client, Jasmine, who attends therapeutic group sessions twice weekly with Ann because her two year old daughter had been placed in foster care due to maltreatment and “failure to thrive”. These sessions are court ordered by the local child protective service agency in order to regain custody of children. Jasmine confided to her case worker (not Ann) that she is positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV positive), and someone informed Mary, the executive director of the agency. Mary becomes angry and asks Ann to speak privately with Jasmine to persuade her to tell the other clients in her therapy group that she is HIV positive. Jasmine is also a Type II diabetic, and uses a glucometer in the bathroom at the agency during breaks. Mary feels Jasmine is putting the staff and clients at risk by pricking her finger to test her glucose level. Mary, who is not a trained counselor or social worker, also thinks it would be therapeutic for Jasmine and the other clients if Jasmine shared her HIV status (Herlihy & Corey, 2006).
William Greg’s review-essay “Prostitution” (1851) provides insight into societal conceptions of men and women and their respective roles. Although Greg believes prostitutes are treated unfairly by society, he nonetheless views prostitution as “the darkest, the knottiest, and the saddest” social problem “which philosophy has to deal with” (448). A critical reason prostitution is ostracized is because it violates traditional ideas of gender relations. Prostitutes are women who participate in the marketplace. They, therefore, venture outside the realm of their expected sphere, the home. This is dissonant with Greg’s view – which is a reflection of society’s view ...
Presenting the issue of prostitution which is defined as “the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment” would not be living life in accordance to Kant’s beliefs. In Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant asserted that rational beings can never be treated merely as a means to an ends, they must always also be treated as an ends themselves. In prostitution men are using women as a mere means to their ends, to achieve sensual pleasure, but it is also true that women are so agreeing to be used as a means to achieve their ends, to earn money.
1) Feldman, Fred. ‘Kantian Ethics’ in [EBQ] James P Sterba (ed) Ethics: the Big Questions, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998, 185-198.
In conclusion, prostitution is said to be the world’s oldest profession. Prostitution has evolved throughout the years and it has caused much controversy cross-culturally and historically and which has many individuals reexamining the logistics of it. It has affected our society in many ways, for it could be looked at as a harmful threat just as a way to get by and pay the bills.
Prostitution is one of the most controversial topics that is constantly debated. Prostitution occurs when a person sells themselves for money to pleasure others. It is illegal in many places, but yet still seems to be prevalent. The question that is often debated is, “Is prostitution ethical?” Utilitarianist, Jeremy Bentham and Deontologist Immanuel Kant both view prostitution as an unethical act. They both have slightly different reasons as to why they think of prostitution as unethical. Bentham’s method of Hedonic Calculus and Immanuel Kant’s “means to an end” test, and duties to oneself, will demonstrate how prostitution is unethical. I will also be defending the view that prostitution is unethical.
As a function, ethics is a philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct, and of the rules and principles it should govern. As a system, ethics are a social, religious, or civil code of behavior considered correct by a particular group, profession, or individual. As an instrument, ethics provide perspective regarding the moral fitness of a decision, course of action, or potential outcomes. Ethical decision-making can include many types, including deontological (duty), consequentialism (including utilitarianism), and virtue ethics. Additionally, subsets of relativism, objectivism, and pluralism seek to understand the impact of moral diversity on a human level. Although distinct differences separate these ethical systems, organizations
...sophy of Sex”, describes Immanuel Kant as a “metaphysical sexual pessimist” as sexual activity for Kant shows the individual as an “object of appetite” (Soble 5). The fact that an act is sexual does not change the moral standards that it must adhere to, and thus allows acts regarded as perverted in the socio-cultural norms not to be regarded as immoral.
Ethics is a system of moral principles and a branch of philosophy which defines what is acceptable for both individuals and society. It is a philosophy that covers a whole range of things that have an importance in everyday situations. Ethics are vital in everyones lives, it includes human values, and how to have a good life, our rights and responsibilities, moral decisions what is right and wrong, good and bad. Moral principles affect how people make decisions and lead their lives (BBC, 2013). There are many different beliefs about were ethics come from. These consist of; God and Religion, human conscience, the example of good human beings and a huge desire for the best for people in each unique situation, and political power (BBC, 2013).