Ethical Dilemmas in Human Genome Modification

For much of human history, mankind has never been able to shape and alter its genetic information. But with modern day advances in technology and scientific research, the idea is slowly becoming a reality, and a major concern for many, scientifically, practically, and morally. It is only a matter of time before augmenting genetic information begins to modify humans; doing so could bring about positive change, but more likely, terrible consequences for humanity. Although the manipulation of the human genome through introducing foreign DNA has the potential to assist in health and development of organisms, doing so unrestricted ultimately proves to be unethical and problematic once applied to humans. The genetic code of all life is the basis

For example, considering the fact that genes control trait expression in the body, stretches of DNA found to code for lower intelligence or physical strength could be augmented using DNA from other organisms known to produce desirable physical traits. The foreign genetic code would be accepted into the genome, and expressed along with other genes - the now recombinant DNA could therefore be used to raise intelligence, strength, speed, or any other physical quality deemed desirable. (Peacock 12) Moreover, modern genetic technologies can alter an individual’s genome via DNA insertion or removal to the point where regions coding for hereditary diseases such as Huntington’s or Cystic Fibrosis can be completely removed or altered, producing a resistance or even immunity to such diseases. (Adams) This has already been accomplished in recent years; in 2008, patients suffering from the neurological condition Batten disease had the progression of the disease in their bodies slowed by inserting a corrective gene into their bodies, where it was incorporated into their DNA. It is hoped that such a technology can be improved upon and used in the future to help cure diseases such as muscular dystrophy, sickle cell anemia, and hemophilia, and beyond, producing humans who are genetically resistant to heritable diseases. (Peacock