EVENTS (In order)
Call of the Estates General (July 1789)
Changed the name from Estates General to National Assembly, which better represented the people of France.
Legal Divisions among social groups had existed for hundreds of years, which created discontent among the people of France.
1200 Deputies had arrived for the event in Versailles from all over France
The political situation was rather bleak, which forced King Louis to call the Estates General
The Opening Ceremonies commenced on May 5th, 1789
It abolished some feudal rights, such as that peasants owed their lords the taz
The National Assembly seized the property of the Roman Catholic Church
1788: Louis called a meeting of the Estates General.
The representatives met at Versailles
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(outside of Paris) in early May of 1789 The revolution ‘began’ on May 5, 1789. The representatives of the 3rd estate led the way, with some of the Nobles and many of the clergy joining them The government asked the French People to elect delegates to the Estates General The Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly of France. The Third Estate was to be joined by representatives of the first and second estates The Estates General met irregularly The Creation of the Tennis Court Oath (June 1789) King Louie shot them out from their usual meeting place of meeting, they formed the Oath of the Tennis Court (or Tennis Court Oath) June 17, 1789 the members of the Assembly were locked out of their meeting room, so they met on an indoor tennis court and swore that they would not disband until they had a written a constitution for France. This was known as the Oath of the Tennis Court. Later King Louis realized that he had to accept popular pressure for change. Then the national assembly gained control of France The Storming of the Bastille (July 1789) Paris Mob stormed the Bastille (old royal prison in Paris) on July 14th, 1789. Its walls were torn down, and was captured as a French National Holiday. The peasants needed gun powder Meeting of the National Assembly The Implementation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man (August 1789) National Assembly The decrees abolished some feudal rights. It also guaranteed the same basic rights to all ille citizens, such as ‘liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression It abolished some feudal rights, such as that peasants owed their lords the tax August 4, 1789: A decree was passed that abolished the entire feudal system. It marked the beginning of equality. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was outlined and it was also called the Charter of Democracy France was made a limited monarchy, with one house legislature The Great Fear Revolutionaries feeelings felt to the countryside Peasants attacked the chateaux March on Versailles (October 1789) Women marched over the rising cost of bread They marched 12 miles from Paris Some were desperate and wanted to see King Louis The Royal Family Attempts to Flee (June, 1791) Also creation of The Legislative Assembly June 1791 King Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette tried to escape (captured at Varennes before they reached the French Border) They were brought back to Paris The monarchy was doomed The church property had been taken by the state (The New) Legislative Assembly was made up of mainly representatives of the Middle Class. Their stability depended on cooperation between the legislature and the king The new government went to war against Austria and Prussia. Those nations wished to restore the king and emigres to their positions Louis and his supporters wanted the invaders would win, but angry revolutionaries from paris and other areas demanded Louis be dethroned He was caught and arrested by the san-culottes. In September Execution of King Louis (January 1793) Also creation of the National Convention He was executed by the guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris Before he was guillotined he wanted to speak to the people, so he said “My people, I die innocent!” Then he turned to his executioners and said: “Gentlemen, I am innocent of everything of which I am accused. I hope my blood may cement the good fortune of the French.” Reign of Terror (September 1793-July 1794) After Louis’ execution, thousands of people suspected of things such as helping France’s enemies were sent to the guillotine In February it was clear that the war was going bad for France. In August the Jacobins declared that ‘terror is the order of day’ By late summer, many areas of France were rebelling against the Jacobin government 12,000 people were guillotined Call of the Estates General, 1789 Before the start of the Revolution, there were many legal divisions among certain French social groups. They had existed for hundreds of years, and it created displeasure among the people. The political situation was inauspicious, which prompted King Louis XVI to call the Estates General for the first time since 1614. The Tennis Court Oath In June of 1789, during the meetings of the Estates General, King Louis shot them out of their meeting spot, so they went to a vacant indoor tennis court to meet there. This was the formation of the Oath of the Tennis Court. Later, King Louis realized that he had to accept popular pressure to change the government, so he allowed the National Assembly to gain limited power of France. Storming of the Bastille The Paris Mob stormed the Bastille (an old prison in France) on July 14th of 1789. Its walls were torn down. This occurred because the military leader of the Bastille, Governor De Launay was needing to surrender the prison and hand over the gunpowder needed for their weapons. He didn't, so later he surrendered and the angry revolutionaries took control. The Paris Mob also wanted political prisoners to be free-ed. July 14th is now known as Bastille Day. The storming of the Bastille was considered a big turning point of the revolution. The National Assembly Meeting On August 4th, 1789, the National Assembly met in Versailles. It was a monumental day for the government as they abolished all rights and serfdoms for people. The Estates General was ended, and was now called the National Assembly. All people were considered equal before the law. Citizens thought that the government should move to Paris because of a lack of connecting with the people. It was also requested that they move to Paris so that they could see the ongoing food crisis. The Great Fear Revolutionaries feelings spread to the countryside as the spirit of the revolution calmed down. Peasants attacked and burned the Chateaux, and also killed hundreds of innocent people. It didn’t look like a bright future for the revolution, especially since the peasants feared that the King’s soldiers and aristocrats would stop the revolution. The Women's March on Versailles The Women’s march on Versaille occurred in October of 1789. They marched 12 miles to Versailles to see King Louis. Some were desperate and hungry and wanted the King to alleviate the bread shortages, and some were seeking retribution against the King’s soldiers. After 24 hours, the King and the Assembly agreed to accompany the mob on their way back to Paris. The Royal Family Attempts to Flee France The National Convention The National Convention governed France from 1792 to 1795.
They were elected to create a new constitution after the end of the monarchy. They got rid of the monarchy on September 21st, 1792 and established the French Republic the next day. They also decided that King Louis XVI should be tried for his crimes and executed.
Execution of King Louis XVI: January 1793
After the arrest of the royal family, King Louis was executed by the Guillotine. He was executed in the Place de la Revolution (Revolutionary Square) in Paris. Before he laid down on the guillotine, he spoke to the people, saying “My people, I die innocent!” Then he turned to the executioners and said: “Gentlemen, I am innocent of everything of which I am accused…” Just like that, King Louis XVI was dead.
The Reign of Terror: September 1793 to July 1794
After King Louis’ execution, thousands of people were suspected and were sent to the guillotine. They were caught for doing things such as helping France’s enemies while in war. Things just seemed to keep on going the wrong way for the French. A couple examples is the war, it was clear that it wasn’t in France’s favour, and in August 1794 when the Jacobin Government declared “Terror is the order of day”. On top of those problems, many areas of France had rebelled against the Jacobin government by the end of the
summer.
Unfortunately, he died before experiencing Haiti’s separation from France in 1804. However, along the way of success of both revolutions, a toll occurred on the numerous lives lost. The Reign of Terror in France was created as a way to protect the republic from its internal enemies, but instead 16,000 people were guillotined. Many documents were shown to be describing the execution of the Reign of Terror to be gruesome and wrongful such that J.G. Milligen stated, “The process of execution was also a sad and heartrending spectacle”, in The Revolutionary Tribunal. Milligen continued to describe the vivid scene of the execution, but this was only one event and many others have died in the fall of the Bastille and the attack on the royal palace.
A guillotine is a decapitation device that quickly chops off it’s victims head in the blink of an eye. According to document F, About 16,000 people were believed to have died at the hands of it. No matter how small or petty a crime was, people would have been executed for it. Even Marie Antoinette and King Louis XVI, the leaders of France before the Revolution, were decapitated by one, as was the leader of the Reign of Terror, Maximilien Robespierre. Another method to weed out the counter revolutionaries was a network of spies that watched out for anyone who spoke out against the government, “A careless word of criticism spoken against the government could put one in prison or worse” (Document E). The punishment for a crime as small as ththis was more often than not
First, the French Revolution was a result of the failed estate system and the extreme economic and social inequality it led to. Under the rule of Louis XVI, the people of France were divided into three main social classes or estates as they are called. The First Estate featured wealthy members of the Church such as Bishops and Priests who held great political power due to their influence on government affairs. The Second Estate was a class comprised of the wealthy nobles and
The French Revolution, beginning in 1789, was a lengthy process in which the people of France took over the government and instituted a Republic (Chambers). The overarching goal of the Revolution was to place the power of government in the hands of the people. For two years, whilst France was facing internal disorganization and external wartime threats, the government was run by a war dictatorship under Maximilien Robespierre, the head of the Committee of Public Safety (“Reign of Terror”). Amid much internal suspicion and fear, the Reign of Terror began. Much of France was politically divided, and Robespierre’s method for keeping the government stable in a time of crisis involved severe penalties for any suspected of plotting against the new government (Chambers). Soon the accusations began to fly and a handful of people convicted and killed for treason became thousands. Many of the cases turned into the accuser’s word versus the accused, and a government preoccupied with bigger issues often did not care to look into these cases, simply convicting the accused, supposedly to promote a sense of unity and control to the citizens of France, and to forewarn anyone who did attempt treasonous deeds (Chambers). Eventually, Marie Antoinette, guilty of no crime other than marrying the former king, was executed on the grounds of treason (“French Revolution: The Reign of Terror”). Many thought this was taking a step too far. The former Queen was well-respec...
Do the actions ever justify the end result? The Reign of Terror, the revolution lead by Maximilien Robespierre, began on January 21, 1793 when King Louis XVI and his wife were guillotined due to the way they had led the government into a financial crisis and as a result when Robespierre took over with his radical new government 20,000-40,000 people were brutally executed. So was this radical period in France really necessary or was it just mass killings with little progress. The Reign of terror was not justified because of the threats against the revolution, the methods used by the revolution were not justified, and the ideals of the revolution were not justified.
The Guillotine brought equality in death to the French Revolution. Sometimes people of higher classes would receive quick deaths whereas people of the lower classes would receive slow, torturous deaths. People of many classes were being killed and the Guillotine allowed everyone to receive equal punishments rather than being tortured. The tribunals were self-selected revolutionaries that dictated who was guilty and who needed to be executed. There were 44,000 of these councils. During the tribunals, most people were prosecuted bases on suspicions and no hard evidence. The Guillotine was also depicted on pins which were worn by supporters of the French Revolution. The Guillotine was a very significant tool and a minimum of 440,000 were executed via the Guillotine. In my analysis, the Guillotine added to the motto of the French Revolution “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death.” The Guillotine made death equal and assured liberty and
King Louis attempted to escape, but was quickly captured, taken back to paris, and was tried and executed for crimes against the people. Louis XIV, executed in 1793, was the last Bourbon king of france. Nine months later, his wife was executed. His wife was Marie Antoinette, an Austrian. She married king louis XIV when she was only fifteen years old and had a tough time being queen ever since she got married. She Was blamed for the country going downhill, and she had to live under the supervision of the revolutionary once they took over. In 1793 her husband was executed, and nine month later, so was
Some people like Emmanuel Sieyès, middle-class writer who was taken by the Enlightenment ideas, believed that all of French Society lay on the backs of the third estate. On the contrary, Robespierre, the monarch at the time, believed that the third estate did not have the power to do anything important to society. The third estate had to pay taxes like the Gabelle and Taille while the first and seconds estates did not have to pay any taxes to the king. Also, the third estates had less of a representation in voting. The first and second estate could outvote the third estate every time and this was a huge inequality. The condition of the third estate was horrible but a good portion of this third estate was the bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie had some wealth and social class, so they influenced the rest of the third estate about their rights, while also inspiring some lower clergies and provincial nobles and thus led to a group of rebellious people to fight the monarchy. This fight for political representation and political rights was only one cause of the French Revolution. Another causes lies in the French Monarchs: Louis XlV, Louis XV, and Louis XVl. When Louis XlV was ruling, the monarchy had unlimited power and was known as a
...st powerful symbols of the French Revolution and killed an estimated 20,000 to 40,000 people during the Reign of Terror. (Doc F) The guillotine was a sharp, angled blade that killed quickly the most deadly and feared method of invoking fear during the revolution. (Doc F) These methods; however, became too extreme and the deaths of the incident was not justified.
Louis XVI had created a large amount of debt through bad tax collection practices and funding american revolution. Bad tax practices included not taxing nobles, which put all of financial burden of France on the middle and lower classes. These classes weren’t able to support the high costs of running a nation in addition to supporting a foreign war that brought no tangible benefit to France. To raise more money Louis XVI decided to sell noble titles to some upper middle class who could afford it. This provided the King with fast cash, but reduced his overall tax base because he wasn’t taxing nobility.
The Bastille incident set off revolts all over France and Louis was soon deposed afterwards. A democratic government was set up in place of the old monarchy.
It all started on October 16, 1793 when the beheading of Marie Antoinette happened. She was accused for helping the enemy and producing civil war within France. On her way to getting beheaded, she spent time in many different Parisian Prisons. During the summer of 1788, France was having some very serious economic problems. Louis XVI yielded to pressure and assembled the Estates General which was a governmental body that represented France’s three Estates (nobles, the church, and then French common people). She then agreed to the granting of the third estates as many representatives as the other two estates combined. Nevertheless, after the storming of the Bastille she ended up supported the conservative court faction that insisted on keeping the royal family in
“Society was cut in two: those who had nothing united in common envy; those who had anything united in common terror.” The French Revolution was a painful era that molded the lives of every citizen living in France and changed their ways of life forever. Beginning in 1789 and lasting ten years until 1799, the people of France lived in a monarch society under King Louis XVI’s rule. He was a very harsh ruler and had many restrictions placed on his people. They eventually overthrow him and become a monarch society. Among his deceptive ways, the people also experienced “The Reign of Terror,” which was a period where many lives were taken by the guillotine. Other revolutionary events included rebellions, constitutions, and groups. One of the popular groups that contributed greatly to the French Revolution were the Jacobins who were led by Maximilien Robespierre.
The Reign of Terror was a time during the French Revolution hundreds of thousands of people were executed by various means: guillotine, shot, and drowned. The Committee of Public Safety, lead by Maximilien de Robespierre, were in charge of these executions, and with the job of finding anti-revolutionaries forces. Many thought that what Robespierre was doing would just lead to a greater anti-revolution movement, which would in turn increase the number of executions. Others did not take action against the terror; for fear that they themselves might be executed. Those who were still loyal to the revolution saw the terror as a noble cause; they saw it as a way to rid France of anti-revolutionary forces.
...n after National assembly created liberal parliamentary system and rebelled against Monarch rule by passing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The National Assembly made governmental reforms forcing Constitutional Monarchy in France. The Constitutional Monarchy was represented by electorates. The legislative Assembly promoted liberty, equality, secularism, freedom of thought and replaced Constitutional Monarchy by Republic. It also declared war against Austria and Prussia in 1792. The government organised Terror of Regime to eliminate enemies of regime. The radical Jacobins won over the moderate Girondins. The Terror of Regime ended with the execution of Jacobin leader Robespierre in 1794. The executive directors governed from 1795 to 1799 under the Directory Rule. In 1799, Napoleon overthrows the Directory Rule and France fell back to Monarch Rule.