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The impacts of the French revolution on French society
Social structure after the french revolution
The impacts of the French revolution on French society
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- The Guillotine is associated with the French Revolution. The French Revolution took place between 1789 to 1799 and was an uprising in France against the monarchy after France became a Republic. The Revolution was mainly caused by a financial crises after losing and spending money in various wars such as the Seven Years War and the American Revolution. When the Estates General convened, it was clear that the higher class levels were not going to give up their privileges to save the country which angered the lower classes. This lead to the people stormed the Bastille prison in opposition to the government. In turn, this lead to the Reign of Terror which had 15,000 people executed in order to eliminate all controversy. The Guillotine was proposed by Doctor Joseph Ignance Guillotin as punishment for criminals. Before the Guillotine, people were tortured for long periods of time, so …show more content…
the Guillotine was the first step to end cruel and unusual punishments. The Guillotine is associated with the French Revolution however they were used all over the world before France's popularization in the late 1700's.
The Guillotine brought equality in death to the French Revolution. Sometimes people of higher classes would receive quick deaths whereas people of the lower classes would receive slow, torturous deaths. People of many classes were being killed and the Guillotine allowed everyone to receive equal punishments rather than being tortured. The tribunals were self-selected revolutionaries that dictated who was guilty and who needed to be executed. There were 44,000 of these councils. During the tribunals, most people were prosecuted bases on suspicions and no hard evidence. The Guillotine was also depicted on pins which were worn by supporters of the French Revolution. The Guillotine was a very significant tool and a minimum of 440,000 were executed via the Guillotine. In my analysis, the Guillotine added to the motto of the French Revolution “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death.” The Guillotine made death equal and assured liberty and
fraternity. Works Cited Citation: 1. Our Western World Textbook – Page 99 2. Internet Modern History Sourcebook Link Used: http://legacy.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook13.asp Link Obtained from the following approved source: Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Link: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook.asp 3. Sparknotes History Link Used: http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/frenchrev/ Link Obtained from the following approved source: Sparknotes History Lectures: Link: http://www.sparknotes.com/history/ II. The Statue of King Louis XVI - King Louis XVI was the king of France during the French Revolution when the monarchy was overthrown and a Republic was created. Louis was born at Versailles on August 23, 1754 and married Marie Antoinette, empress of Austria, in 1770 which formed an alliance between France and Austria. During the French Revolution, France became poor from aiding allies during wars and the monarchy was also discredited due to scandals involving the queen. He supported the ideas of his ministers to solving the crisis and summoned the Estates General, a form of parliament, in order to raise taxes. Rumors that the King Louis was suppressing this assembly led to the storming of Bastille on July 14, 1989. During the mob, Louis and his family were forced back to the palace and in order to escape they had to accept a new constitution which established a new monarchy. In September of 1792, a national convention eliminated the monarchy and enforced a republic. King Louis XVI was found guilty of treason and was executed via the Guillotine on January 21, 1793. In my analysis, King Louis XVI was one of the key figures of the French Revolution and heavily influenced the French government. King Louis was extremely significant because he authorized the executions of over 440,000 people and even went to lengths to help design new models of the Guillotine. His decisions were the cause of the people's anger which led to mobs such as Bastille. King Louis also had an impact on America because he supplied aid in the American Revolution. The actions, decisions, marriage, and debt of King Louis XVI were the driving forces that turned the French government from a monarchy to a republic. The image of King Louis XVI depicts him in prayer in the Saint Denis Gothic cathedral in Paris, France. In my analysis and sole opinion, the statue is quite ironic and is a faulty depiction of him. King Louis XVI caused destruction of over half a million lives and by no means practiced the rituals of Christianity in his political decision making. However, he did believe in the Divine Right of Kings which stated that the monarchy got their power from God. Works Cited Citation: 1. Our Western World Textbook – Page 101 2. Internet Modern History Sourcebook Link Used: http://legacy.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook13.asp Link Obtained from the following approved source: Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Link: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/modsbook.asp 3. Sparknotes History Link Used: http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/frenchrev/ Link Obtained from the following approved source: Sparknotes History Lectures: Link: http://www.sparknotes.com/history/ III. The Steam Engine Sketch - The steam engine captures the innovation of the industrial revolution. The industrial Revolution began in England and was a period between 1760-1840 that transitioned to new manufacturing processes. During this time period, areas in Europe and America became urban and industrialized rather than rural and agricultural. Prior to the revolution, manufacturing was done in homes. This manufacturing process took a long period of time and only resulted in one or two products. The revolution lead to mass production and factories which increased the standard of living for some and created a large group people in weakened living conditions and dangerous employment. In addition to manufacturing, this period enhanced social life, literacy, and health. The steam engine was one of the greatest innovations of this time period and led to improved transportation, banking, and communication. The engine works by burning coal and releasing heat energy. This steam is then captured and used to power machines. James Watt discovered the power of steam as he observed the lifting lid of a kettle of boiling water. The steam engine meant that a factory could be built anywhere, not just near a body of water. This increase in factories lead to an increase in employment or need for employment. People were traveling out of the country and into the city for jobs resulting in an increase in population. Young children and women were working long hours at hard jobs to help with the financial problems at home. In my analysis, the steam engine made factory work and new means of transportation possible. With these factors came increased socialization in the cities and mass production lead to the innovation of new designs, shops, and jobs. Works Cited Citation: 1. Our Western World Textbook – Page 147 2. Yale University Modern Western Civilization Lecture Project Link Used: http://oyc.yale.edu/history/hist-202/lecture-8 Link Obtained from the following approved source: Yale University Modern Western Civilization Lecture Project: Link: http://oyc.yale.edu/history/hist-202#sessions 3. Sparknotes History Link Used: http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/1848/section1.rhtml Link Obtained from the following approved source: Sparknotes History Lectures: Link: http://www.sparknotes.com/history/ IV. The Picture of the First Airplane - The image depicts the very first airplane that maintained flight which was invented by the Wright Brothers in 1920. The Wright brothers started their design with the wings. They observed how birds flew and balanced themselves and then made a replica of this calling the concept “wing warping.” After they added the movable rudder, they were successful and realized they had found the formula to flight. The very first flight lasted for fifty-nine seconds at eight hundred-two feet. Initially, not many people believed their success and were very skeptical. Due to this public disbelief, Wilbur Wright went to Europe hoping to find better success. Wilbur found success in France where he performed many flights and gave ride to the public and officials. The brothers sold many planes in Europe and became very wealthy before returning to the United States. Some people debate on whether the brothers were actually the first inventors of the airplane. In fact, there were many who invented airplanes in Europe in 1902. However, nobody could keep the planes flying so the Wright brothers were the first to launch the first successful airplane. The invention of the airplane is very significant in Western Civilizations because it changes means of everyday transportation and added new contributions to war. The invention of the airplane, steamships, and railroads increased means of transportation and further lowered the costs of goods. The invention of the airplane lead to new armed forces, traveling to negotiate with foreign countries became possible, goods could be transported faster, and trade increased. The invention of the airplane also lead to devastating events such as the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Works Cited Citation: 1. Our Western World Textbook – Page 185 2. Our Western World Website Link Used: http://jscc.grtep.com/index.cfm/owwv2/page/chapter4 Link Obtained from the following approved source: Our Western World Website: Link: http://www.grtep.com/ 3. Digital History Guide Link Used: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=1187 Link Obtained from the following approved source: Digital History Guide: Link: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/ V. Picture of Early Women Voting Pioneers - The image depicts a group of women fighting for their right to vote in America. The movement for woman suffrage began in 1848 at the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York. These women worked hard to not only persuade their government officials, but to also spread awareness. The movement lasted for fifty years under the leadership of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and other pioneers. The women formed petitions and lobbied congress to pass a Constitutional Amendment in their favor. Many politicians dismissed their petitions and protests which made the women realize that in order to have a voice, they needed the right to vote. The suffrage movement created two organizations: The National Woman Suffrage Association and the National Women's Party. The NAWSA had millions of members and created campaigns urged President Wilson and congress to pass a women suffrage Constitutional Amendment. The NWP was aggressive in their ways of persuasion to persuade President Wilson and Congress. The women took part in actions such as picketing the White House. The efforts of the NWP and the NAWSA were not wasted and in 1920 the nineteenth amendment was ratified which enfranchised women and granted woman suffrage. In my analysis, the movement for women's suffrage is significant in Western Civilization and in America's growth because it proves what equality and justice really means to the people. Equality and justice should be amongst all genders, races, and class levels and women's suffrage shows Americans fighting to save this definition of equality. These women voting pioneers were also the first women to come together and fight for a cause in Western Civilization. Women's suffrage lead to later movements of feminism and the civil rights movement.
The guillotine was first introduced during the French Revolution by a man named Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin. He is a physician who first was involved with the issues of medicine. On December 1, 1789 he became interested in the idea of capital punishment. He invented the guillotine. It was a contraption used for causing immediate and painless death. It included a falling blade, running between two upright boards of wood and later a basket. Therefore, one may believe that the design of the guillotine helped with executions.
While the French and the American revolutions share some similarities, they differ in most areas involving the revolution. Enlightenment ideas would help shape politics, economics, and religion in the revolutionary nations. Although both found the importance of individual rights, they took different paths in establishing and operating their respective governments. The economic standpoints of the French would be in contrary with the American economics which roughly associate with enlightenment thinkers such as Adam Smith. Religion would closely be associated with principles in the United States while the French sought to secularize their nation.
Unfortunately, he died before experiencing Haiti’s separation from France in 1804. However, along the way of success of both revolutions, a toll occurred on the numerous lives lost. The Reign of Terror in France was created as a way to protect the republic from its internal enemies, but instead 16,000 people were guillotined. Many documents were shown to be describing the execution of the Reign of Terror to be gruesome and wrongful such that J.G. Milligen stated, “The process of execution was also a sad and heartrending spectacle”, in The Revolutionary Tribunal. Milligen continued to describe the vivid scene of the execution, but this was only one event and many others have died in the fall of the Bastille and the attack on the royal palace.
A guillotine is a decapitation device that quickly chops off it’s victims head in the blink of an eye. According to document F, About 16,000 people were believed to have died at the hands of it. No matter how small or petty a crime was, people would have been executed for it. Even Marie Antoinette and King Louis XVI, the leaders of France before the Revolution, were decapitated by one, as was the leader of the Reign of Terror, Maximilien Robespierre. Another method to weed out the counter revolutionaries was a network of spies that watched out for anyone who spoke out against the government, “A careless word of criticism spoken against the government could put one in prison or worse” (Document E). The punishment for a crime as small as ththis was more often than not
The guillotine was one of the fastest and most painless ways to kill people. Before that though there were a lot more painful and torturous ways to execute people. For example, they used to hang people but they would also torture them, to make their death even more painful. During the Enlightment, people favored human rights and their well being, so they didn’t torture people as bad as before. During the Enlightment, people got more rights so they couldn’t be tortured as much like former executions. The guillotine made execution a lot better. The guillotine was an enlightened way to execute people.
“Long live the Republic “ is what a guard shouted when Louis XVI got executed. Seeing the gruesome act their king getting beheaded led to many people horrified. The Jacobin leader Robespierre ‘s became very paranoid and killed thousands of people at guillotine . Robespierre’s tried to protect the Revolution but this plan backfired . Also the introduction to the proposal of “Republic of virture“ which angered many people. The Jacobin leader were power hungry tyrants because of the events of the Reign of Terror beheadings of the guillotine, the attempt to protect the revolution and the proposal of a “Republic of virtue”.
The French Revolution, beginning in 1789, was a lengthy process in which the people of France took over the government and instituted a Republic (Chambers). The overarching goal of the Revolution was to place the power of government in the hands of the people. For two years, whilst France was facing internal disorganization and external wartime threats, the government was run by a war dictatorship under Maximilien Robespierre, the head of the Committee of Public Safety (“Reign of Terror”). Amid much internal suspicion and fear, the Reign of Terror began. Much of France was politically divided, and Robespierre’s method for keeping the government stable in a time of crisis involved severe penalties for any suspected of plotting against the new government (Chambers). Soon the accusations began to fly and a handful of people convicted and killed for treason became thousands. Many of the cases turned into the accuser’s word versus the accused, and a government preoccupied with bigger issues often did not care to look into these cases, simply convicting the accused, supposedly to promote a sense of unity and control to the citizens of France, and to forewarn anyone who did attempt treasonous deeds (Chambers). Eventually, Marie Antoinette, guilty of no crime other than marrying the former king, was executed on the grounds of treason (“French Revolution: The Reign of Terror”). Many thought this was taking a step too far. The former Queen was well-respec...
While Robespierre and Napoleon violated the French Revolution’s ideal of liberty, both rulers preserved the ideal of equality. Neither Robespierre nor Napoleon led with freedom from absolutism, but both spread the nationalist zeal during or after the Reign of Terror. There are also other ideals of the revolution preserved and undermined by the two rulers, including will for a limited government, religious toleration, and protection of individual rights. Specifically, Robespierre preserved the ideal of equality during the Reign of Terror.
The American and the French revolutions had many similarities and differences. One similarity being is that they both wanted to escape the rule of their King. Second, they both started by an uprising of people against unfair taxation by the monarchy. The French peasants were not represented by the Parliament. It was mainly composed of middle and upper class people. Now, the American colonists were not represented in England because of their lack of presence. Both wanted to set up a Republic, which provided liberty and justice to all classes of citizens. Just like France, the American colonists were composed up mainly middle and lower class citizens. The American Revolution started out by not wanting bloodshed and violence. France started out with violence and bloodshed. (American Revolution)
...st powerful symbols of the French Revolution and killed an estimated 20,000 to 40,000 people during the Reign of Terror. (Doc F) The guillotine was a sharp, angled blade that killed quickly the most deadly and feared method of invoking fear during the revolution. (Doc F) These methods; however, became too extreme and the deaths of the incident was not justified.
Throughout time individuals have rebelled against corrupt policies within society in order to obtain their autonomy as well as their rights as an individual. King Louis XIV of France, for instance, taxed the lower class of France, in order to construct his palace, the Palace of Versailles, which depicted his power and authority. If individuals refused to pay their taxes to Louis XIV, then as a result, they would be placed in prison or be executed, as a penalty. The lower class individuals of France began to question King Louis XIV’s authority, ultimately leading to numerous rebellions against his position as King of France. Likewise, between 1750 to 1914 numerous revolutions to alter certain aspects within society occurred in diverse regions
The American and French Revolutions took place between 1775 and 1789. Though they were closely related chronologically, the two revolutions were interrelated in several other important ways than just time itself.
Capital Punishment is the legal authorization for killing someone who committed a crime. The first date for which the death penalty first started goes back as far as Eighteenth century B.C, Fourteenth Century B.C.'s Hittite Code, and the Seventh Century B.C.'s Draconian Code of Athens. These codes made the death penalty open for anyone who committed a crime. Some death sentences punishments in the Roman law of the twelve tablets were Crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, and burning alive. Britain also used capital punishment for crimes. In the Tenth century they hung people. When King Henry was the ruler as many as 72,000 people have been executed. Some methods for executions during this time were boiling,burning, and beheading. You could have been executed for marrying a Jew,Treasoning, and not confessing to a crime. Capital punishment in Britain had influenced America. When the Europeans settled to america they brought capital punishment along. It started to spread from colony to colony. The 1960’s brought new obstacles of the legalization of the capital punishment. The Fifth, Eighth and Fourteenth amendments said that capital punishment was illegal. In the
Capital punishment seemed to have been regenerated from the beginning of mankind, where beheading was considered an honorable method of meeting death, whereas hanging carried with it a definite stigma. The era of public hanging was emotionally satisfying even though the surroundings was emotionally tense. In contrast to private hangings where they were fewer observers, less theatrical from the accuse and hanging was becoming more of an inhuman punishment to inflict on those found guilty of their crime. Both forms of hangings were though to be an effective way of preventing individuals from committing a crime. Capital punishment seemed morally acceptable, to the public and there were individuals who were willing to carry out the execution. From the books; "…Hang By the Neck…", Hanging in the Balance and The trail of the Dinosaur, gives descriptions of public and private hangings, the responsibilities of the hangman and the general reaction of the public, who were for and againts hangings. In the days of public hangings, gallows or scaffolds were rather crude contraptions. Early contraptions consisted of two post in the ground, with a cross-piece between them from which the victim swung. As the years passed by a second contraption was invented, a single stout post with a timber nailed at a right angle at the top, with supporting boards attached. A third contraption was made which was a platform erected nine or more feet from the ground, in the middle of which was a trap door which swung upon hinges. This latest invention was commonly used towards the end of public hangings. In private hangings the same contraption was used, but the individual were taken down a lot quicker, for their was no need to display the executed to curious observer. Public executions were grim and was a disgusting spectacle to the accuses’ family and close friends, but for most individuals it was a time to rejoice and to celebrate. When a crowd assembled to witness a public event, they were out in a holiday mood. Hundreds of people came from long distances to view a hanging, concessionaires had money invested in trinkets and food to be sold at what they called jamborees. Public hanging were often imitated in plays, which were seen as despicable form of entertainment towards the victim and the accuses family. The scenes attending the hangings were for large gatherings from far and near, mostly bent on idle curiosity or for a grand jollification.
“Society was cut in two: those who had nothing united in common envy; those who had anything united in common terror.” The French Revolution was a painful era that molded the lives of every citizen living in France and changed their ways of life forever. Beginning in 1789 and lasting ten years until 1799, the people of France lived in a monarch society under King Louis XVI’s rule. He was a very harsh ruler and had many restrictions placed on his people. They eventually overthrow him and become a monarch society. Among his deceptive ways, the people also experienced “The Reign of Terror,” which was a period where many lives were taken by the guillotine. Other revolutionary events included rebellions, constitutions, and groups. One of the popular groups that contributed greatly to the French Revolution were the Jacobins who were led by Maximilien Robespierre.