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History of the scientific method essay
History of the scientific method
History of scientific theory
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Dreams of Fame in Djerassi’s Cantor's Dilemma
Opportunistic scientists, the most hypocritical deviants of the modern age, revolve around the scientific method, or at least they used to. The scientific method once involved formulating a hypothesis from a problem posed, experimenting, and forming a conclusion that best explained the data collected. Yet today, those who are willing to critique the work of their peers are themselves performing the scientific method out of sequence. I propose that scientists, or the "treasure hunters" of that field, are no longer interested in permanent solutions, achieved through proper use of the scientific method, and rather are more interested in solutions that guarantee fame and fortune.
Fame and fortune as a motive for scientific discovery is a popular theme in fictional writing, especially in Cantor's Dilemma by Carl Djerassi. Cantor's Dilemma is a novel of the struggles of two scientists through life and a Nobel Prize "campaign". As one digs deeper into the context of the novel, one finds it similar to that of a political race, a fight for glory. For example, the "Cantor-Stafford experiment", the first tumorigenesis experiment tested in the novel, was not validated before its findings were published. This example fails to meet the standards of the scientific method because a conclusion was reached before experimentation was fully executed. Surely any true scientist would know such conclusions to be unsuitable and not "Nobel" worthy. Yet, Cantor and Stafford, both, won a Nobel Prize for their work.
Kurt Krauss in Cantor's Dilemma, an opportunistic scientist, is the extreme of scientific deviance. As a fellow scientist and a competitor, Krauss is charged with the duty of ch...
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...o not believe my experience has changed the ways of the scientist at that company.
Both in fiction and in real life a certain breed of scientists has decided to ignore the scientific method and chase dreams of fame. With that fame, they hope to dig deep into our pockets and reap the benefits of their poor workmanship. It is most evident from the examples given that these scientists, who have seemingly reversed scientific evolution, no longer care for true science and the scientific method, but rather are interested in personal glory.
1 Carl Djerassi, Cantor's Dilemma (New York, New York: Penguin Books, 1991), pg. 113.
2 Djerassi, Cantor's Dilemma, pg. 113.
3 Abbott laboratories, medical news, (http://www.plsgroup.com/dg/72da.htm), 5:25 p.m. 9/23/97
4 "Cold Fusion Times", (Wellesey Hills, MA http://world.std.com), 7:15 p.m. 9/23/97
Michner’s use of historical fact is extremely accurate in his portrayal of events in Texas history. Particularly when he writes of the fight for Independence from Mexico. Michner only strays to fiction in an attempt to illustrate to the reader what the lives of early Texans must have been like. His characters interact with actual historical figures and create very believable scenarios of the events depicted in his novel.
“Jamaica’s a country of great dichotomy. On the one hand you have a tourist industry with great beaches and resorts, but on the other you have such great poverty and the violence that goes along with that.”(Michael Franti) In this paper, I will talk about the geography, the history of Jamaica, the people that live there now and that lived there in the past, the lifestyle of the society, and the society, like the government and economy.
...om society. Although Bishop makes no excuses for the shortcomings of science and academia, he delivers an ominous message to those who would attack the scientific community: Science is the future. Learn to embrace it or be left behind.
Margret Jones one of many women’s accused of witch craft is written about by John Winthrop. In his writing he tells of Margret Jones of Charlestown who was indicted and found guilty of witchcraft, and hanged for it in 1648. She was reported when people who came encounter with her complained of pain and sickness. “Whom she stroked or touched with any affection or displeasure were taken with deafness, or vomiting, or other violent pains or sickness’.” (crosscurrents John Winthrop [ The Trial of Margret Jones] pg.
had to carry on working the family farm by herself. With the death of his
While these norms all played a role in leading Watson to his discovery, the competitive nature of scientific worse was arguably
The McMillan book was written with the help of Gary E. Elliott, a history teacher at Community College of Southern Nevada, and R.T. King, director of the oral history program at the University of Nevada, Reno. They called it "Fighting Back," because it is primarily concerned with McMillan's lifelong struggle against racism.
Tierney, John. "Are Scientists Playing God? It Depends on Your Religion ." The New York Times: Science. 20 Nov. 2007. The New York Times. 23 July 2008 .
So what makes a scientist “mad”? Kean typifies the mad scientist as one who possesses both qualities of supreme intelligence and undoubtedly, lunatic characteristics. The author first describes the life of William Crookes, a successful author and part an exclusive club of elite scientists. A combination of selenium experimentation and the tragic death of his brother, he conclusively reached his point of madness. Furthermore, Kean ties in manganese to the story through the findings of the shark teeth at the bottom of the ocean. Scientists discovered that manganese covered the surface of the large teeth; and people connected this to the craze of the megalodons. The author also recaps the scandal of Pons and Fleischmann, who claimed to create cold fusion using palladium, a powerful element that is able to consume immense amounts of hydr...
The idea of runaways did not take long in the Caribbean islands. Jamaica was not the only island experiencing runaways, Haiti, Cuba, and many Latin American countries were all falling victim to these guerilla style warfare tribes. During the first years of Spanish control the island of Hispaniola (Spanish Jamaica) experienced many problems with slaves. Columbus suggested to King Ferdinand in the first letter from his voyage of discovery, "I can bring slaves that are captured people, as many as are wanted." Disease and overwork killed many of the peaceable, indigenous Arawaks. Others hanged themselves, drank poisonous cassava juice, murdered and aborted their children rather than be enslaved. A few, the first Maroons, escaped into the craggy hills. (Olson, pg.234) Recent excavations at Nanny Town, the most important early Maroon settlement, support Maroon oral traditions that the first African refugees found accommodation among the Arawak. (Olson, pg.234) Correspondence from the last decade of the sixteenth century also suggests that Spanish colonial officials w...
Credit cards have a history stemming back to the mid 1900's, when there were two types of cards, both of which are still around, the card for specific stores, such as Sears, and the card for the occasional convenient spending when you didn't have the money you needed right away. The difference, however, between now and then is that only the extremely financially stable were using the latter of the two cards. The cards, such ...
The recorded history of Jamaica begins in May 1494 when Christopher Columbus arrived on the island during his second voyage to the New World. At that point Jamaica was inhabited by the Tainos, a calm and peaceful people who lived simple lives. From as early as our primary school education, Jamaicans are taught that the arrival of the Spanish totally disrupted the tranquillity the Tinos enjoyed; bringing unknown communicable diseases to the island and forcing the Tainos to perform difficult tasks. The marks the beginning of violence and trauma on the island Christopher Columbus described as the “fairest isle mine eyes ever beheld”. Within fifty years the Taino population on the island was wiped out however the transition of the island from a peaceful idyllic paradise to a violent society did not end with the extinction of the Tainos. Rather it was merely the beginning, as by 1513 the Spaniards had begun the transhipment of Africans to the island as slaves. Like the Tainos, the Africans who came to Jamaica, were subjected to slavery and its well documented dehumanizing and traumatic experiences.
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau. "Creolization in Jamaica." The Post-colonial Studies Reader. Ed. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. New York: Routledge, 1995. 202-205.
Suffice it to say that properly managed credit card use may improve your credit rating, and responsibly using XXXXX may help you improve your credit rating with your credit card.
To illustrate, there are many positive reasons for having a credit card which will make your life easier financially, such as: when you are making internet purchases, in the event of emergencies money will be readily available, it will be much more convenient when traveling or making expensive purchases, and it gives you the ability to ...